Grammar: Часи групи Perfect Continuous

1 Put together the beginnings and ends of the conversations. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian:

1 'Aren't you hungry?' 2 'Is it true that Philip's been arrested?' 3 'Janet seems very cheerful.' 4 'She's very dirty.' 5 'Why are my books all over the floor?' 6 'Why's your hair wet?' 7 'You all look very miserable.' 8 'You look tired.' 9 'You're very late.' 10 'Your hair's all white.'

'Helen's been looking at them.' ‘I've been gardening all afternoon.' 'I've been swimming.' 'I've been talking to Tony, and he just goes on and on.' 'No, I've been eating all day.' 'She's been cleaning the cellar.' 'She's been skiing with Roger for the last week.' 'Yes, he’s been stealing things from shop.’ 'Yes, I've been painting the ceiling.' 'Yes, we've been telling each other our stories.'

2 Complete the sentences using the present perfect continuous tense of the verbs below:

live play study wait walk watch work

 

1 We _______________ in England for nearly two years now. 2 Why are you so late? I ____________ here

for hours. 3 I _____________ German for three years, but I still don't speak it very well. 4 The boys must be tired. They ______________ football in the garden all afternoon. 5 It's time to do your homework. You ______________ TV all night. 6 John _____________ in his father's business since he left school. 7 We must be nearly there by now. We ________________ for over an hour.

 

3 Read the story and answer the questions using the past perfect continuous:

 

On Tuesday afternoon, everyone in my family was very busy - except me. During the afternoon Helen repaired her car; John practised his karate; Kate did some gardening Stephanie played tennis; Roger swam for half an hour; Pam went horse-riding; Philip painted the ceiling in his room light blue. I spent the afternoon sitting reading.

1) Who had black grease on her hands at teatime? Why? 2) Who had dirt on her hands and knees? Why? 3) Who was wearing a short white skirt? Why? 4) Who was wearing a white jacket and trousers and a black belt? Why? 5) Who was wearing high boots and a hard hat? Why? 6) Whose hair had light blue streaks in it? Why? 7) Whose hair was all wet? Why?

 

4 In a murder investigation, some suspects were asked by police what they had been doing at 8 o'clock the previous evening. They all told lies. Write sentences to explain what they told the police they had been doing, and what they had actually been doing:

e.g.: Mrs Oliver said she hadbeenreading, but actually she hadbeenwatching the neighbours through binoculars.

NAME	TOLD POLICE	TRUTH
Mrs Oliver Mr Lucas Mrs Allen Mr Nash Alice Pete Aunt Jane Miss Fry Rob	reading watching TV talking on the phone washing clothes playing cards studying chemistry writing letters washing her hair painting his flat	watching neighbours through binoculars stealing cars making a bomb forging £5 notes selling drugs fighting planning a bank robbery out dancing with her sister's boyfriend playing roulette

How long will you have been learning English / using your computer (mobile phone) / going to college / saving money for something you’d like to have / living in your present house by next summer?

 

THE ECONOMY OF UKRAINE

gross domestic product - ВВП dramatic - різкий decline - зменшувати currency - валюта

cast iron – чавун ferrous metal - чорна металургія coke - кокс

fertilizer - добриво pipeline - трубопровід supply - постачання major - основний, значний

 

The economy of Ukraine is an emerging free market, with a gross domestic product (GDP) that has experienced rapid growth in recent years. The country's economy experienced major recession during the 1990s, including hyperinflation and dramatic falls in economic output.

Ukraine has many of the components of a major European economy - rich farmlands, a well-developed industrial base, highly trained labour, and a good education system. At present, however, the economy remains in poor condition. The standard of living for most citizens has declined more than 50% since the early 1990s, leading to a relatively high poverty rate. Ukraine's currency, the hryvnia, was introduced in September 1996, and has remained fairly stable.

Ukraine is relatively rich in natural resources, particularly in mineral deposits. Although oil and natural gas reserves in the country are largely exhausted, it has other important energy sources, such as coal, hydroelectricity and nuclear fuel raw materials.

Ukraine has a major ferrous metal industry, producing cast iron, steel and pipes. Chemical industry includes the production of coke, mineral fertilizers and sulphuric acid. Manufactured goods include metallurgical equipment, diesel locomotives, tractors, and automobiles. The country possesses a massive high-tech industrial base, including much of the former USSR's electronics, arms industry and space program. However, these fields are state-owned and underdeveloped in terms of business practices. Ukraine is a major producer of grain, sugar, meat and milk products.

Most of Ukrainian trade is conducted with Russia and the European Union.

Ukraine imports 90% of its oil and most of its natural gas. Ukraine is transporting Russian gas to the EU

through its well-developed gas pipelines system, being Europe's vitally important connection. The country's dependence on Russian gas supplies dramatically affects its economics and foreign policy, especially after the recent major gas dispute. However, Ukraine is independent in its electricity supply, moreover, exporting it to Russia and other countries of Eastern Europe. This is achieved through a wide use of nuclear power and hydroelectricity.

In 1992, Ukraine became a member of the IMF and the World Bank. It is a member of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. In 2008 the country joined the World Trade Organization.

 

· What in your opinion are the major economic problems of Ukraine?

· Be ready to characterise the economy of Ukraine (up to 15 sentences).