GRAMMAR: Future Continuous vs Future Perfect

 

• We use the Future Continuous to talk about:

*actions or events that will be in progress at a specific time in the future:

This time next week I'll be flying to London. – В цей час наступного тижня я летітиму до Лондона.

*something that will definitelyhappen in the future, because it is already planned or because it is part of a normal routine:

We'll all be using the net in ten years' time. – Ми усі користуватимемося Інтернетом за десять років.

• We use the Future Perfect isused to talk about actions or events that will be finished before a certain time in the future: I'll have written the report by Monday. – Я допишу звіт до понеділка.

 

Ex.1. Choose the correct variant:

1 I won't have time to solve this problem tomorrow because I'll be working / I'll have worked all morning. 2 The interviewers will be finishing / will have finished the selection of the best candidates for this job by six o'clock. 3 Don't come to the office at eight because we won't have arrived / we won't be arriving by then. 4 This time next week I'll be taking / I’ll have taken my entrance exams. 5 By the time I retire I'll be working / I'll have worked here for thirty years. 6 Will you be using / will you have used your computer this evening? 7 I expect the meeting will be starting / will have started by the time we get to the conference hall. 8 We won't have finished / won't be finishing this work by the end of the month. 9 By the time we get to the stadium, the game will be starting / will have started. 10 We'll have held / we'll be holding our annual meeting soon, so we can make a decision then.

Ex.2. Complete the sentences using the correct form of the verbs in brackets:

1 Wait for me. I.................. ready in a moment. (be) 2 In ten years time I expect I....................... in this company. (work) 3 By the time we reach office, the rain...................... (stop) 4 He..................... the employment contract by the end of this week. (sign) 5 The representatives of the company..................... my friend from 3 to 5 tomorrow. (interview) 6 I'll give him your message. I can do it easily because I.................. him tomorrow. (see) 7 This time next Sunday I....................... in a London cafe reading a newspaper. (sit) 8 I....................... this article by tomorrow morning. (finish) 9 By next summer the company...................... new offices in Kyiv. (open) 10 By the end of the month 2,000 visitors....................... this exhibition. (see) 11 By the end of the year the company....................... all our debts. (pay off) 12 You....................... to your boss at the meeting tomorrow? (speak) 13 I wonder what I........................ this time next year. (do) 14 – I’m going to Netherlands next week. - You are lucky. The tulips just....................... out. (come)

Ex.3. Make sentences and questions using the Future Continuous:

1) I'm going to watch TV from 9 until 10 o'clock this evening. So at 9.30 I.....................................................

2) Tomorrow afternoon I'm going to play tennis from 3 o'clock until 4.30. So at 4 pm tomorrow I................

................................ 3) Jim’s going to study from 7 o'clock until 10 o'clock this evening. So at 8.30 this evening he............................................... 4) We’re going to clean the flat tomorrow. It’ll take from 9 until 11 o'clock. So at 10 o'clock tomorrow morning........................................................ 5) You want to borrow your friend's bicycle this evening. (you / use / your bicycle this evening?) …………..……………………………

6) You want your friend to give Tom a' message this afternoon. (you / see / Tom this afternoon?) …………

……………….…7) You want to use your friend's notebook tomorrow evening. (you / use / your notebook

tomorrow evening?) ……………………………………………… 8) You friend is going shopping. You want him / her to buy some stamps for you at the post office. (you / pass / the post office when you're in town?) ………………………………………….

Ex.4. Make sentences using the Future Perfect:

1) Hurry up! The film starts at 7.30 and it’s already 7.20. And it’ll take us 20 minutes to get to the cinema. When we get there, the film (already/begin) ………………………………. 2) Jim always goes to bed at 10 o'clock. Tom’s going to visit him at 10.30. When Tom arrives, Jim (go/to bed).............................................

3) Sam is on holiday. He has very little money and he is spending too much. Before the end of his holiday, he (spend/all his money) ………………………4) Chuck came to Britain from the US nearly three years ago. Next Monday it will be exactly three years since he arrived. Next Monday he (be/here/exactly three years)...

 

WHAT IS ECONOMICS?

 

scarcity – недостатня кількість, брак чогось make choice – робити вибір resources – ресурси satisfy one's wants – задовольняти чиїсь потреби individual consumer – окремий споживач

be faced with the problem – стикатися з проблемою income – дохід private ownership – приватна власність profit – прибуток

 

Human wants are unlimited, but the resources necessary to satisfy those wants are limited. Thus, every society is faced with the problem of scarcity. Since there is not enough of everything to go around, everyone – individuals, business firms, and government – needs to make choices from among the things they want. In the process they will try to economize to get the most from what they have.

Economics is the social science that describes and analyzes choices from among scarce resources to satisfy its wants. The need to choose is imposed on us by our income, wealth and ability to borrow.

The food you eat, the home you live in, the clothes you wear, and the way you spend your leisure time are all affected, in part, by economic forces. Economic forces also affect decisions in the world of business. The more you know about the subject, the better career decisions you will be able to make.

The development of modern economics began in the 17th century. Since that time economists have developed methods for studying and explaining how individuals, business and nations use their economic resources. Large corporations use economists to study the way they do business and to suggest methods for making more efficient use of their employees, equipment, factories, and other resources.

The resources that go into the creation of goods and services are called the factors of production. They include natural resources, human resources, capital and entrepreneurship. Each factor of production has a place in our economic system, and each has a particular function. Our country is rich in natural resources. Economists also use the term «land» when they speak of natural resources as a factor of production.

The price paid for the use of land is called rent. Rent becomes income to the owner of the land.

The price paid for the use of labour is called wages. Wages represent income to workers, who own their labour.

Payment for the use of someone else's money or capital is called interest.

Entrepreneurship, closely associated with labour, is the managerial or organizational skills used by most firms to produce goods and services. The reward to entrepreneurs for the risks, innovative ideas and efforts that they have put into the business are profits (whatever remains after the owners of land, labour and capital have received their payments).

Every society must answer the fundamental economic questions:

1) What goods and services are to be produced?

2) How are they to be produced?

3) Who will receive them?

The way in which a society answers these questions is known as its economic system.

 

I. Translate into English:

приватнавласність; робити вибір; прибуток; задовольняти чиїсь потреби; ресурси; недостатнякількість; витрачати гроші; окремийспоживач; стикатися з проблемою; виробляти товари; прибуток

II. Fill in the gaps with: scarcity; wages; interest; rent; choices; systems; resources

1. Everyone goes through life having to make.... 2. The price paid for the use of land is called.... 3. The price paid for the use of labor is called.... 4. Traditional economic... are usually found in the more remote areas of the world. 5. Payment for the use of someone else's money, or capital, is called.... 6.... exists because human wants are unlimited, but the necessaries to satisfy those wants are limited. 7. The... or factors of production are land, labor, capital and entrepreneurship.

III. Answer the questions:

1 Why must all societies deal with scarcity? 2 What is economics? 3 Why is the need to choose imposed on us? 4 When did the development of modern economics begin? 5 What is rent? 6 What is wages? 7 What is interest? 8 What is profit? 9 What questions must every society provide answers to?

IV. Translate into English:

1 Бажання людини безмежні, а кошти, необхідні для їхнього здійснення, обмежені. 2 Перед кожним суспільством постає проблема нестатку. 3 Економічні чинники впливають на рішення у світі бізнесу. 4 Ресурси, необхідні для створення товарів та послуг, називають чинниками виробництва. 5 Заробітна плата - це винагорода, яку отримують робітники за свою працю. 6 Економіка - це наука, яка описує і аналізує вибір з недостатніх ресурсів, які мають задовольнити потреби населення. 7 Кожний чинник виробництва має місце в економічній системі і певну функцію.