Условные предложения маловероятной возможности (II тип)

Условные предложения, выражающие нереальное предположение, малую вероятность или возможность осуществления действия в настоящем или будущем времени, называются условными придаточными предложениями второго типа.

В таких предложениях сказуемое условного придаточного предложения выражается глагольной формой Past Indefinite изъявительного наклонения, в главном предложении используется сочетание should (would, might, could) с простой формой инфинитива (Indefinite Infinitive) смыслового глагола без частицы to. Глагол to be в составе сказуемого придаточного предложения имеет специфические формы сослагательного наклонения (Subjunctive), т.е. имеет форму were для всех лиц единственного и множественного числа.

Глагольные формы и главного, и придаточного предложения переводятся на русский язык глаголами в сослагательном наклонении, т.е. формой прошедшего времени с частицей бы.

If I had time, I should often come to see him. — Если бы у меня было время, я бы часто приходил навещать его.

If he tried, he might complete the work in time. — Если бы он постарался, он, возможно, закончил бы работу вовремя.

If it stopped raining, you could go out. — Если бы дождь перестал идти, вы могли бы пойти куда-нибудь.

В условных предложениях второго типа глагол to be употребляется в форме сослагательного наклонения were (был бы, была бы, были бы) для всех лиц единственного и множественного числа.

If he were free today, we could go to the country. — Если бы он был свободен сегодня, мы бы смогли поехать за город.

 

EXERCISES

 

Exercise 1. Поставьте глаголы в нужную форму.

 

1. If I had a typewrite I (type) it myself. 2. If I (know) his address I’d give it to you. 3. He (look) a lot better if he shaved more often. 4. If he worked more slowly he (not make) so many mistakes. 5. I shouldn’t drink that wine if I (be) you. 6. More tourists would come to this country if it (have) better climate. 7. If I were sent to prison you (visit) me? 8. If someone (give) you a helicopter what would you do with it? 9. I (buy) shares in that company if I had some money. 10. If you drove your car into the river you (be able) to get out? 11. If I (win) a big prize in a lottery I’d give up my job. 12. What you (do) if you found a burglar in your house? 13. I could tell you what this means if I (know) Greek. 14. If everybody (give) £1 we would have enough. 15. He might get fat if he (stop) smoking. 16. If he knew that it was dangerous he (not come). 17. If you (see) someone drowning what would you do? 18. I could get a job easily if I (have) a degree. 19. If she (do) her hair differently she might look quite nice. 20. If we had more rain our crops (grow) faster.

 

Exercise 2. Переведите следующие предложения.

1. Если бы вы знали грамматику лучше, вы бы не делали столько ошибок в ваших упражнениях. 2. Если бы он сейчас был здесь, он, конечно, помог бы нам. 3. Если бы не было так поздно, я бы позвонил бы ей сейчас. 4. Если бы она была более терпеливой, с ней легче было бы иметь дело. 5. Я бы зашел к тебе на следующей неделе, если бы у меня было время. 6. На вашем месте я бы провел отпуск на юге. Я уверен, это пошло бы вам на пользу. 7. Вы бы чувствовали себя лучше, если бы проводили больше времени на свежем воздухе. 9. Если бы у него сейчас были занятия, нам пришлось бы долго ждать. 10. Вы бы не опаздывали на занятия, если бы выходили из дому на десять минут раньше.

Тест

1. If you … me a song, I will sing it at the concert.

a) write

b) will write

c) has written

d)had written

 

2. If I … some fish, will you cook it for me?

a) will catch

b) catch

c) caught

d) am catching

 

3. My sister will not finish medical training until she … twenty-three.

a) will be

b) is

c) have been

d) are

 

4. If we … out of money, we’ll get a job.

a) will run

b) would run

c) run

d) ran

 

5. When we … to a big city, I’ll send you a postcard.

a) got

b) will get

c) would get

d) get

 

6. If we … afford, we’ll buy a new car.

a) can

b) could

c) will

d) will be able

 

7. If the bus … come soon, I’ll be late.

a) doesn’t

b) won’t

c) will

d) wasn’t

 

8. If I … the answer, I’d tell you.

a) know

b) would know

c) knew

d) had known

 

9. I’d make an omelette if the … some eggs.

a) are

b) had been

c) will be

d) were

 

10. If I … cleverer, I’d be a doctor.

a) were

b) will be

c) would be

d) am

 

11. If I … some spare time, I’d learn Russian.

a) had

b) have

c) would have

d) have had

 

12. If you won the football match, what … you do?

a) did

b) would

c) do

d) will

 

13. If we had a big house, … invite friends.

a) we’ll

b) we’d be able to

c) we’ll be able to

d) we can.

 

14. In those days if you … a job, you were lucky.

a) have had

b) would have

c) had

d) had had

 

15. If you … driving like that, you’ll have an accident.

a) kept

b) keep

c) will keep

d) had kept

 

16. What.. if you found some buried treasure?

a) did you do

b) did you

c) had you done

d) would you do.

 

18. If you … to Paris you’ll see the Eiffel Tower.

a) go

b) will be going

c) went

d) would go

 

19. If it … cold, I’ll wear my heavy jacket.

a) will be

b) shall be

c) were

d) is

 

20. If I were you I … be there.

a) will

b) was to

c) would

d) shall

 

21. If she … the fish there, the cat will get it.

a) will leave

b) left

c) leaves

d) leave

 

22. If you go to Paris where …?

a) do you stay

b) will you stay

c) did you stay

d) could you stay

 

23. The flight may be cancelled if the fog … thicker.

a) doesn’t get

b) got thicker

c) will got

d) gets thicker

 

24. If the milk man … tell him to leave two bottles.

a) came

b) comes

c) will come

d) has come

 

25. If anyone attacked me, my dog … at his throat.

a) would jump

b)) would have jumped

c) will jump

d) jumped

 

26. You would understand it better if you … so much.

a) don’t talk

b) hadn’t talk

c) didn’t talk

d) would not talk

 

27. I could repair the roof myself if I … along ladder.

a) had had

b) had

c) would have

d) would have had

 

28. Unless they turn the radio off, I … mad.

a) will go

b) would go

c) could

d) should go

 

29. If you … yellow and blue, you get green.

a) mixed

b) mix

c) has mixed

d) are mixing

 

30. If I have a big lunch, it … me sleepy.

a) make

b) made

c) makes

d) had made

 

 

Тема 16. Уголовный процесс в Британии

Цель: формирование и совершенствование репродуктивного лексического навыка по теме.

Задачи:

- расширить словарный запас по теме,

- развивать и совершенствовать навыки и умения устной речи по теме,

-формирование навыков и умений самостоятельной работы над языковым материалом в процессе овладения им,

- совершенствовать навыки чтения текстов тематической направленности, используя словарь,

- развивать контекстуальную догадку,

- совершенствовать репродуктивные грамматические навыки и умения.

Учащийся должен знать:

- терминологию темы и использовать ее в речи;

- полную фактическую информацию, содержащуюся в текстах лексической темы;

Учащийся должен уметь:

- понимать содержание представленных текстов,

- аргументировано представлять свое высказывание по текстам лексической темы,

- оперировать различными видами речевой деятельности по теме «Уголовный процесс в Британии» (монолог, диалог).

 

 

Тема 16.1. Суд и его действующие лица.

Грамматическая тема: Условные предложения III типа.

 

Study the words and the word-combinations.

 

clerk - секретарь суда

bailiff - судебный пристав

probation officer - чиновник, надзирающий за лицами, направленными судом на пробацию

probation - пробация, опека (вид условного осуждения)

nevertheless - тем не менее

public officer - публичное должностное лицо

rural justice of the peace - сельский мировой судья

part-time - занятый неполный рабочий день

makeshift – временный

fee - гонорар

pittance for salary - скудное жалованье

appellate – апелляционный

 

 

1..Read the text.

Court and its people

 

Court is a building or room where all the information concerning a crime is given so that it can be judged. A court is a complex institution whose functioning depends upon many people: not only the judge but also the parties, their lawyers, witnesses, clerks, bailiffs, probation officers, administrators, and many others, including, in certain types of cases, jurors. Party is one of the persons or sides in a legal dispute. Lawyer is someone whose job is to advise people about laws, write formal agreements, or represent people in court. Witness is someone who sees a crime and can describe what happened. Clerk is an official in charge of the records of a court. Bailiff is an official of the legal system who watches prisoners and keeps order in a court of law. Probation officer is someone whose job is to watch, advise, and help people who have broken the law and are on probation. Probation is a system that allows some criminals not to go to prison, if they behave well and see a probation officer regularly, for a fixed period of time. Juror is a member of a jury. Jury is a group of 12 ordinary people who listen to details of a case in court and decide whether someone is guilty or not. Nevertheless, the central figure in any court is the judge. Judge is the official with authority to hear and decide how criminals should be punished. Judges vary enormously, not only from nation to nation but often within a single nation. For example, a rural justice of the peace in the United States untrained in the law, serving part-time, sitting alone in work clothes in a makeshift (made for temporary use) courtroom, collecting small fees or receiving a pittance for salary. He bears little resemblance to a justice of the Supreme Court of the United States a full-time, well-paid, black-robed professional, assisted by law clerks and secretaries, sitting in a marble palace with eight colleagues and deciding at the highest appellate level only questions of national importance. Yet both persons are judges.

 

II. Restore the word order in the questions and answer them:

:

 

1) What is by the term “court” meant? 2) A court a complex institution is, isn’t it? 3) Whose functioning upon judges, lawyers and jurors depends? 4) What meant is by the term “party”? 5) What is by the meant term “lawyer”? 6) Who a crime and can describe what happened sees? 7) Who in charge of the records of a court is? 8) Who prisoners and keeps order in a court of law watches? 9) Whose job to watch, advise, is and help people who have broken the law and are on probation? 10) What system criminals not to go to prison if they behave well allows? 11) Who to details of a case in court and decides whether someone is guilty or not listens. 12) What the central figure in any court is? 13) Whose authority to is hear and decide how criminals should be punished? 14) What the difference between a rural justice of the peace and a justice of the Supreme Court of the United States is?

 

III. Agree or disagree with the following statements:

 

1) Court is a room where all the information concerning an offence is given so that it can be judged. 2) Lawyer is one of the persons or sides in a legal dispute. 3) Party is someone whose job is to advise people about laws, write formal agreements, or represent people in court. 4) Clerk is someone who sees a crime and can describe what happened. 5) Witness is an official in charge of the records of a court. 6) Probation officer is an official of the legal system who watches prisoners and keeps order in a court of law. 7) Bailiff is someone whose job is to watch, advise, and help people who have broken the law and are on probation. 8) Judge is a system that allows some criminals not to go to prison, if they behave well and see a probation officer regularly, for a fixed period of time. 9) Jury is a member of a jury. 10) Juror is a group of 12 ordinary people who listen to details of a case in court and decide whether someone is guilty or not. 11) Probation is the official with authority to hear and decide how criminals should be punished.

 

IV. Restore the word order in the following statement:

 

1) Court is a a crime is given so that it can be judged building or room where all the information concerning. 2) Party is one in a legal dispute of the persons or sides. 3) Lawyer is advise people about laws, write formal agreements, or represent people in court someone whose job is to. 4) Witness is and can describe what happened someone who sees a crime. 5) Clerk is of a court an official in charge of the records. 6) Bailiff is an official of prisoners and keeps order in a court of law the legal system who watches. 7) Probation officer is someone whose job is have broken the law and are on probation to watch, advise, and help people who. 8) Probation is a not to go to prison, if they behave well and see a probation officer regularly, for a fixed period of time system that allows some criminals. 9) Juror of a jury is a member. 10) Jury is a group of 12 ordinary people who listen to and decide whether someone is guilty or not details of a case in court. 11) Judge is the official decide how criminals should be punished with authority to hear and.

 

V. Translate the following words and phrases from Russian into English:

 

Секретарь суда; свидетель; присяжный; сфера компетенции; судебный пристав; чиновник, надзирающий за лицами, направленными судом на пробацию; опека; публичное должностное лицо; сельский мировой судья; занятый неполный рабочий день; необученный; наказывать; вознаграждение; скудное жалованье; временный; зал судебного заседания; важность; мантия; апелляционный; иметь сходство; содействовать; варьировать; чрезвычайно.

 

VI. Complete the following statements:

 

1) Court is … 2) A court is a complex institution whose functioning depends upon … 3) Party is … 4) Lawyer is … 5) Witness is … 6) Clerk is … 7) Bailiff is … 8) Probation officer is … 9) Probation is a system that … 10) Juror is … 11) Jury is … 12) The central figure in any court is … 13) Judge is … 14) A rural justice of the peace in the United States is … 15) A justice of the Supreme Court of the United States is …

 

VII. Choose one topic to speak about a) people a court depends upon; b) a rural justice of the peace in the United States; c) a justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Retell the text “ Court and its people”.