Geneous, reflecting the ethnic differentiation of the population of the land of Haiti.

This fact is well illustrated by one ceremony celebrated in the royal palace. 2 ” 0

For Ziiipuri, see Klengel 1988: 105; Yoshida 1991: 56ff.

Although the cult of the hesta- house. addressed to Lelwani and divinities from his circle, certainly

belongs to the Hattian tradition; see Bo 4929 v 4’f. [LÜ ME ] S E he-es-ta-a-ma [ha-jat-te-li

Ma-al-diy Otten 1950a: 129 n. 27; 1972-1975c: 389; Torri 1999: 33; Archi 2007a: 51; Fuscagni

B: 83.

255.For a different Interpretation, see Soysal 2004: 320, 679 Cpin-kammama für *wiil~kammama(Tf').

KUB 28.15 obv, l.col. 2fl, Bessert 1954-1959: 353; Yoshida.1996: 292f.; Taracha 1998: 12f.

Cf. also Laroche 1973a: 83f,

See above. with n. 236,

Taracha 2000: I85ff.

Cf. Haas 1994a: 484,

260 CTH 645, cf., Haas -- Wäfler 1976: 82ff.; Haas 1994a: 273f. The ceremony displays similarities to

The festival of the monfch, CTH 591 (studied by Klinger 1996: 286ff.), known from descriptions

- ' ' ' ‘ W:"'u 'Wu ' ■ ' • ‘ Wu W',, Oy u, 70 - ■

The Old Hittite Perjod

51

The oldest preserved text conceming this ceremony is written in Middle Hittite script

from the earliest Empire phase and not the old ductus as believed so far;“°‘ even so,

The presence among the summoned deities of the Moon and Hearth, who were given

Offerings during the KI.LAM festival, too (3.1.1), demonstrates that the ceremony

Was already well rooted in the Old Hittite period. The objective of this ceremony,

Which took place by the hearth, was to ensure progeny and prosperity to the ruler’s

Family and house, The scri.be read out the names of gods, summoning them in pairs:

Storm-god - Mother Earth, Sun-goddess (of Arinna) - Mezzulla, Suwaliyat - Grain-god-

dess Halki, Moon - Ispanzasepa (‘Genius of the Night’), Hearth — Hilassi (‘Genius of

The Courtyard’), male deities - Maliya, Maliya - male deities Waskuwattassi and

. „ 262

Kuwanses.

The Storm-god and Mother Earth pair, personifying the male and female el-

Ements, points to a different conception of the pantheon than that in the state cult.

The high Status of Mother Earth and her ties with the Storm-god call to mind the

Contracts between Assyrian merchants and the Anatolian ruler of Karies, with As-

sur, Storm-god (D ISKUR), Earth, and ancestors as witnesses. 26 '* Later texts provide

Proof of the Earth cults both in the south, in the Luwian territory, and in Zalpa on the

Black Sea, where the Earth appears as a daughter of the Sun-goddess. 264 This lat-

Ter tradition, however, does not fit in with the listed group of gods. They belong for

Of the Empire period (Bo 3752, Neu 1980: 1791, (no. 104); 1983: 167 n. 489, 3651, bas Middle

Hittite script, cf. Kosak on-line: s.v.). Contrary to the suggestions of some scholars (e.g. Popko

However, there are not enough assumptions to identify the two ceremonies with one

Another (cf. Klinger 1996: 270). During the festival of the month, offerings were made to male

deities and the goddess Maliya (KUB 55.39 and 27’), as well as to Ispant ‘Night’ and a group of

Wa/Uskuwattassi and Kuwanses together with the Storm-god, Innarasmi, Tasimet and tutelary

deities of bodv parts (KUB 55.39+ in 16’fl, 26Ff., Groddek 2002b; 65fl, indicating duplicates

And parallel texts and inehiding references; HW 2 H 1721 s.v. Haniassa-: cf. also KBo 47.249

rev.! 15’ \^Wa/Uskuwattas]sis ®Kuwa[n§e§).

KUB 43.30, Neu 1980: 76fl (no. 30); Kosak on-line; s.v. “ah.,” but there can be no doubl abcut

the early Middle Hittite script of the text, cf. Popko 2007a' 65.

Neu — Otten 1972: 383fl; Yoshida 1992: 143; 1996: 87.

Cf. kt n/k 794 rev. 29ff., Qegen — Hecker 1995: 36; Michel 2003: 136. See also Haas 2003b: 131

With n. 1; Kryszat 2006a: 106f.; Prechel 2008: 123. In this case, contrary to the suggestions of

the said authors, the logogram ®ISKUR does not necessarily denote the Syrian Storm-god

Adad.

264 KBo 3.38 obv. 2’, Otten 1973: 37; Holland - Zorman 2ÖÖ7: 32, 40; Popko 2007a: 65. Cf. also

epithet of the Sun-goddess of Arinna, ‘Mother of the Earth,’ in a New Hittite text KUB 58.39 vi

Ll’f., 15’f. dealing with the cult of Nerik, see above, n. 236.

The Old Hittite Period

Hittite Anatolia

The most pari to the earthly sphere and bear names pomting to the Luwian-Hittite

realm. The Hattian Sun-goddess ofÄrinna and her daughter Mezzulla constitute an

Important exception. In this eontext they seem to have taten the place originaily

Occupied by the Sun-god. Contrary to the Luwians and Palaians, the Hittites of cen