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Grammar: The English Pronoun. Demonstrative, Reciprocal, InterrogativeСтр 1 из 2Следующая ⇒
Weather forecast Discussion What kind of weather do you like best? How do you write a weather forecast? Here are some typical expressions used in a weather report: 1. a high of twenty degrees. 2. a low of -25. 3. 20 percent chance of snow. 4. mainly sunny. 5. sunny with cloudy periods. 6. record high/low. 7. above/below average temperatures.
Read the weather forecast and answer the questions: Hello and good morning! Well, we’re off to a good start in the south this week, as most of the rain from the weekend has disappeared – just a few patches of cloud and maybe some showers here on the east coast. They’ll all clear up by lunchtime, though. Over the next day or so, London and the area around Kent can expect a couple of isolated showers, but mostly dry through until Thursday. It’s not such good news for the north-west this week, I’m afraid: more wet weather, and not a lot of sunshine. Some of today’s showers will be heavy – and even thundery in Manchester and across the Pennines. Leeds will escape the thunderstorms, with drizzle and light rain only throughout the rest of the day and tonight. Elsewhere it becomes dry today, but with some foggy patches towards Wales. In England, tomorrow morning will see a dry, bright start in most places, with high temperatures throughout the week. We might see one or two thunderstorms appearing as the week goes on, with temperatures everywhere at 29 to 30 degrees. By the weekend, unfortunately, the dry weather will make way for mostly cloudy skies and rain. The rain will move from Scotland, down towards the north and reach the south coast by Saturday afternoon. Temperatures, at least, will stay mostly warm at around 21 degrees for the weekend. It might feel like a nice change from the high twenties and early thirties we’ll see in the week. That’s all from me until tomorrow. Enjoy the mini-heatwave while you can! Weather report Read to the following weather reports and answer the comprehension questions. This is CKNY and I'm Anita Pierce with weather. We couldn't ask for a better day for the first day of Spring. Right now it's fifteen degrees and clear. We're expecting blue skies throughout the day. Though there is only a ten percent chance of showers, this good weather can't last forever. It's raining cats and dogs up north, so we should see rain by morning. Don't forget your umbrella tomorrow. Now, stay tuned for local news. Начало формы 1. Which season does this weather report take place in? -- summer spring winter fall Click for answer------- spring 2. What kind of day is it? -- an overcast day a mild day a chilly day a rainy day Click for answer------- a mild day 3. What is the temperature? -- ten degrees minus ten fifteen below plus fifteen Click for answer------- plus fifteen 4. Tomorrow it will probably -- snow rain stay sunny be clear. Click for answer------- rain 5. What does the weather reporter suggest using? -- a raincoat sunglasses an umbrella the radio Click for answer------- an unmbrella ·
II. GRAMMAR What is a pronoun? One of the most important forms of grammar in the English language is the pronoun. This is something that you will come across very frequently when studying the language and it is important that you are aware of what a pronoun is, how it is used and where it fits into a sentence. We are going to be taking a look at how pronouns work and what they are used for, this will be intertwined with some examples so that we can gain a better understanding of their function.
A pronoun is used instead of a noun or noun phrase in a sentence. A pronoun may take place of the name of a person, place or thing. Pronouns List We see pronouns in the English language every day. They help to make our texts more interesting. To understand how to use a pronoun properly you need to be familiar with the differences between different types of pronouns. Below find a list of common pronouns and the main categories in which they belong.
Subject pronoun examples:
Object pronouns are used when the person or thing is the object of the sentence. Object pronoun list: me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them. Examples:
Reflexive Pronouns The reflexive pronoun will end in -self or -selves and is used in reference to another pronoun. Words within the category are himself, herself, themselves, yourself/ves, myself, itself.
In English, reflexive pronouns are used when a person or thing acts on itself. Reflexive pronoun list: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves. Examples:
In English they all end in – self or – selves and must refer to a noun phrase elsewhere in the same clause. Possessive Pronouns In English, possessive pronouns are used to indicate possession or ownership. They are: mine, yours, his, hers, ours, yours, theirs. Possessive pronoun list: mine, yours, his, hers, ours, yours, theirs. Examples:
Pin Demonstrative Pronouns This type of pronoun is used to indicate something, the words in the category are these, those, that, this.
The demonstrative pronouns are the same words as the demonstrative adjectives (this, that, these, and those). They often distinguish their targets by pointing or some other indication of position. They can be either near or far in distance or time, specifically. Demonstrative pronoun list: this, that, these, those. Pronoun examples:
Indefinite Pronouns The indefinite pronoun is used to talk about something which is not specific. Words in the category are some, all, few, none, either, one, nobody, both, each, anyone, several etc.
An indefinite pronoun is a pronoun that refers to non-specific beings, objects, or places. Indefinite Pronouns can also function as other parts of speech too, depending on context. Indefinite Pronoun List: another, anybody/ anyone, anything, each, either, enough, everybody/ everyone, everything,… Pronoun examples:
Relative Pronouns This type of pronoun can be used as a way of giving additional information within a sentence, pronouns in this category are that, who, which, whom…
A relative pronoun is a pronoun that relates to the word that it modifies and is not specific. In English, relative pronouns are who, whom, which, whose, and that. They refer back to people or things previously mentioned, and they are used in relative clauses. Relative pronoun list: who, whom, which, whose, that. Pronoun examples:
Intensive Pronouns The intensive pronoun is used as a reference to another pronoun or noun in the same sentence as a way of emphasizing it.
Interrogative Pronouns An interrogative pronoun is used in a question, the words within the category are who, whom – кто; whose – чей; which -который, какой; what – что, какой; when - когда; where -где, why – почему, зачем; how - как. Whom – объектная форма местоимения who - используется преимущественно в письменной речи. В современном английском языке наблюдается тенденция к употреблению единой формы местоимения who в любой позиции.
Употребление вопросительных местоимений 1) Местоимение who выступает в функции существительного, местоимения what, which, whose употребляются как существительные и прилагательные, а местоимения when, where, why, how используются как наречия. a) Если местоимение wh о, what является подлежащим, то оно согласуется с глаголом в единственном числе Who lives in this house? – The Smiths – Кто живёт в этом доме? – Семья Смитов What was in the box? – Pencils – Что было в коробке? – Карандаши b) В качестве вопросительных местоимений-прилагательных употребляются which и what Местоимение which предпочтительно, если говорящий предполагает выбор из ограниченного числа возможностей, местоимение what более естественно в ситуации неограниченного выбoра Which/what train are you going to take? На каком поезде вы собираетесь поехать? Which bread do you want – white or brown? Какой хлеб вы хотите – белый или чёрный? What language is spoken in Senegal? На каком языке говорят в Сенегале? Reciprocal Pronouns The reciprocal pronoun is used to show an action or feeling which is reciprocated, words in this category are one another and each other.
1) К взаимным местоимениям относятся местоимения each other u one another, имеющие значение друг друга. Местоимение each other предпочтительно в случае, если речь идет о двух участниках, а местоимение one another употребляется, если участников больше двух. Однако это правило часто не соблюдается. John and Max don’t like each other. 2) При необходимости перед each other или one another употребляется предлог Her last two books bear a strong likeness to one another 3) Взаимные местоимения могут стоять в форме притяжательного падежа They looked in each other’s eyes.
Pronoun Rules As with all types of grammar, there are rules surrounding the use of the pronoun. Let’s take a look at these now. 1) If the pronoun is being used as a subject it is known as a subject pronoun and often appears at the beginning of a sentence, although this is not always the case. An example of this would be She went to the shop. The words he, I, she, we, whoever, they, it etc are all subject pronouns, 2) Secondly, a subject pronoun can be used if they are renaming the sentence subject, in this case, they always come after to be verbs, these might be verbs such as were, am, are, is, etc. An example of this would be That is she or This is him talking. 3) Another rule is that if the word who is being used as a pronoun to refer to a person, it will take the form of the verb to which that person corresponds, this might sound strange as this rule is not always followed but an example might look like this It is I who am going to town. 4) An object pronouns is used to refer to the object of a sentence. Object pronouns might include the words him, me, her, us, them, etc. An example of this might be Sarah watched her. In this example. her is the object of the verb watched.
5) When a possessive pronoun is used, the use of an apostrophe is never required. 6) When using the pronouns which, that, and who you should use either a singular or plural verb depending on what the pronoun is referring to. For example, look at the following sentence.
You can see that the verb like has been modified to become plural when the pronoun who refers to two people as opposed to one. Gender Pronouns Gender pronouns exist in a binary system: male or female. In this system, he/him/his or she/her/hers are pronouns used to delineate gender. These pronouns occur in the 3rd person singular. Pronoun Video https://7esl.com/english-pronouns/
Conclusion Pronouns are words which are used as a replacement for a noun and are commonly seen throughout the English language. There are various types of pronouns and certain rules that must be followed in order to create a grammatically correct sentence. Pronoun Quiz Exercises Pronoun Quiz #1 Pronoun Quiz # 2 Are answers. 1. He was a barbaric king' (What..?) What kind of king was he? 2. ln a far-offcountry. (Where...?) 3. He invited all the people to come and watch. (Whom.?) 4. Yes, he had to open a door. (General) 5. Because the man was innocent. (Why...?) 6. His daughter had been in love with the wrong man. (Why...?) 7. Yes, he did. He ordered the young man to come to the arena.(Disjunctive) 8. The princess was barbaric like her father. (What kind of...?) 9. She made a slight, quick movement to the right. (How...?) 10. No one but her lover. (Who...?)
Weather forecast Grammar: The English Pronoun. Demonstrative, Reciprocal, Interrogative Задачи: · Закрепить лексический материал по теме «Погода». · Развивать умения на слух воспринимать прогноз погоды. · Учиться составлять и презентовать прогноз погоды. · Познакомиться с английскими местоимениями: указательные, взаимные, вопросительные. · Практиковать их употребление в упражнениях. · Отрабатывать навыки чтения и письма. · Отрабатывать навыки построения диалогической речи на основе темы: времена года, погода, прогноз погоды · Отрабатывать навыки монологического высказывания по теме: времена года, погода, прогноз погоды Плохая погода: chilly – прохладно humid – влажная scorching – знойный muggy – тепло и влажно, удушливо bitter cold – чрезвычайно холодный terrible – ужаснаяn changeable – переменчивая unsettled – неустойчивая inclement – суровая unpredictable – непредсказуемая miserable – отвратительная foul – мерзкая hot — жарко cold — холодно drizzle — морось, моросит Хорошая погода sunny – солнечный mild – мягкий sunshine – солнечный свет clear – ясное, чистое cloudless – безоблачное excellent – отличная superb – чудесная nice – приятная warm - тепло to clear up – проясняться, расчищаться (о небе) to brighten – светлеть Облачность cloud – облако cloudy – облачно fog – туман foggy – туманно murky – пасмурно mist – дымка, легкая туманность raw – промозгло rain clouds – дождевые тучи snow clouds – снеговые тучи overcast – затянутое тучами to darken – темнеть to cloud over – затягиваться облаками Дождь rainy – дождливо rain – дождь pouring – проливной drizzle – морось, моросит thunderstorm – гроза lightning – молния thunder – гром sunshower – грибной дождь rainbow – радуга puddle – лужа mud – грязь pour — идет ливень (глагол) storm — шторм (дождь с громом и грозой)
to pour down – хлынуть to drip – капать to cease – прекратиться to let up – ослабевать, приостановиться Снег snow — снег snowfall – снегопад blizzard – метель black ice – гололед slush – слякоть hail – град snowflake – снежинка snowdrift – сугроб icicle – сосулька freezing – очень холодно frosty – морозно frost — мороз to fall – идти, падать to cover up – покрывать to melt – таять to swirl – кружиться to be snowed under – быть занесенным снегом Ветер windy – ветрено wind – ветер brisk – свежий gusty – порывистый moderate – умеренный strong – сильный breeze – бриз, легкий ветерок windless – безветренный stormy – штормовая, грозовая gale-force wind – штормовой ветер blustery — сильные порывы ветра to rise – крепчать, набирать силу to strengthen – усиливаться to fall away – ослабевать to howl – выть degrees — градусы Above zero — выше нуля (плюсовая температура) Below zero — ниже нуля (минусовая температура
Preparation task Match the definitions (a–h) with the vocabulary (1–8). Vocabulary Definition 1. …… throughout 2. …… isolated 3. …… a patch 4. …… drizzle 5. …… to clear up 6. …… elsewhere 7. …… a heatwave 8. …… to make way for a. a small area b. to disappear c. on its own, without other similar things around it d. during all of a period of time e. in other places f. to move so that there is space for something to enter g. very light rain h. a period of weather that is much hotter than normal Tasks Task 1 Write the words in the correct group. thunderstorms dry showers a heatwave wet weather drizzle bright Rainy weather Sunny weather Task 2 Are the sentences true or false? Answer 1. It will start raining at lunchtime today in the east. 2. The weather in the north-west will be worse than in the south. 3. There will be thunder in Leeds tonight. 4. Most of England will be hot this week. 5. Wet weather will move from the north to the south at the weekend. 6. It will stay hot when the rain comes. Every radio and TV show, and many newspapers and websites, report the weather. They give weather forecasts (what they think the weather will be in the future) and sometimes they report on what the weather has been in the past. Here are some typical expressions used in a weather report:
Discussion What kind of weather do you like best? How do you write a weather forecast? Here are some typical expressions used in a weather report: 1. a high of twenty degrees. 2. a low of -25. 3. 20 percent chance of snow. 4. mainly sunny. 5. sunny with cloudy periods. 6. record high/low. 7. above/below average temperatures.
Read the weather forecast and answer the questions: Hello and good morning! Well, we’re off to a good start in the south this week, as most of the rain from the weekend has disappeared – just a few patches of cloud and maybe some showers here on the east coast. They’ll all clear up by lunchtime, though. Over the next day or so, London and the area around Kent can expect a couple of isolated showers, but mostly dry through until Thursday. It’s not such good news for the north-west this week, I’m afraid: more wet weather, and not a lot of sunshine. Some of today’s showers will be heavy – and even thundery in Manchester and across the Pennines. Leeds will escape the thunderstorms, with drizzle and light rain only throughout the rest of the day and tonight. Elsewhere it becomes dry today, but with some foggy patches towards Wales. In England, tomorrow morning will see a dry, bright start in most places, with high temperatures throughout the week. We might see one or two thunderstorms appearing as the week goes on, with temperatures everywhere at 29 to 30 degrees. By the weekend, unfortunately, the dry weather will make way for mostly cloudy skies and rain. The rain will move from Scotland, down towards the north and reach the south coast by Saturday afternoon. Temperatures, at least, will stay mostly warm at around 21 degrees for the weekend. It might feel like a nice change from the high twenties and early thirties we’ll see in the week. That’s all from me until tomorrow. Enjoy the mini-heatwave while you can! Weather report Read to the following weather reports and answer the comprehension questions. This is CKNY and I'm Anita Pierce with weather. We couldn't ask for a better day for the first day of Spring. Right now it's fifteen degrees and clear. We're expecting blue skies throughout the day. Though there is only a ten percent chance of showers, this good weather can't last forever. It's raining cats and dogs up north, so we should see rain by morning. Don't forget your umbrella tomorrow. Now, stay tuned for local news. Начало формы 1. Which season does this weather report take place in? -- summer spring winter fall Click for answer------- spring 2. What kind of day is it? -- an overcast day a mild day a chilly day a rainy day Click for answer------- a mild day 3. What is the temperature? -- ten degrees minus ten fifteen below plus fifteen Click for answer------- plus fifteen 4. Tomorrow it will probably -- snow rain stay sunny be clear. Click for answer------- rain 5. What does the weather reporter suggest using? -- a raincoat sunglasses an umbrella the radio Click for answer------- an unmbrella ·
II. GRAMMAR What is a pronoun? One of the most important forms of grammar in the English language is the pronoun. This is something that you will come across very frequently when studying the language and it is important that you are aware of what a pronoun is, how it is used and where it fits into a sentence. We are going to be taking a look at how pronouns work and what they are used for, this will be intertwined with some examples so that we can gain a better understanding of their function. A pronoun is used instead of a noun or noun phrase in a sentence. A pronoun may take place of the name of a person, place or thing. Pronouns List We see pronouns in the English language every day. They help to make our texts more interesting. To understand how to use a pronoun properly you need to be familiar with the differences between different types of pronouns. Below find a list of common pronouns and the main categories in which they belong.
Subject pronoun examples:
Object pronouns are used when the person or thing is the object of the sentence. Object pronoun list: me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them. Examples:
Reflexive Pronouns The reflexive pronoun will end in -self or -selves and is used in reference to another pronoun. Words within the category are himself, herself, themselves, yourself/ves, myself, itself.
In English, reflexive pronouns are used when a person or thing acts on itself. Reflexive pronoun list: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves. Examples:
In English they all end in – self or – selves and must refer to a noun phrase elsewhere in the same clause. Possessive Pronouns In English, possessive pronouns are used to indicate possession or ownership. They are: mine, yours, his, hers, ours, yours, theirs. Possessive pronoun list: mine, yours, his, hers, ours, yours, theirs. Examples:
Pin Demonstrative Pronouns This type of pronoun is used to indicate something, the words in the category are these, those, that, this.
The demonstrative pronouns are the same words as the demonstrative adjectives (this, that, these, and those). They often distinguish their targets by pointing or some other indication of position. They can be either near or far in distance or time, specifically. Demonstrative pronoun list: this, that, these, those. Pronoun examples:
Indefinite Pronouns The indefinite pronoun is used to talk about something which is not specific. Words in the category are some, all, few, none, either, one, nobody, both, each, anyone, several etc.
An indefinite pronoun is a pronoun that refers to non-specific beings, objects, or places. Indefinite Pronouns can also function as other parts of speech too, depending on context. Indefinite Pronoun List: another, anybody/ anyone, anything, each, either, enough, everybody/ everyone, everything,… Pronoun examples:
Relative Pronouns This type of pronoun can be used as a way of giving additional information within a sentence, pronouns in this category are that, who, which, whom…
A relative pronoun is a pronoun that relates to the word that it modifies and is not specific. In English, relative pronouns are who, whom, which, whose, and that. They refer back to people or things previously mentioned, and they are used in relative clauses. Relative pronoun list: who, whom, which, whose, that. Pronoun examples:
Intensive Pronouns The intensive pronoun is used as a reference to another pronoun or noun in the same sentence as a way of emphasizing it.
Interrogative Pronouns An interrogative pronoun is used in a question, the words within the category are who, whom – кто; whose – чей; which -который, какой; what – что, какой; when - когда; where -где, why – почему, зачем; how - как. Whom – объектная форма местоимения who - используется преимущественно в письменной речи. В современном английском языке наблюдается тенденция к употреблению единой формы местоимения who в любой позиции.
Употребление вопросительных местоимений 1) Местоимение who выступает в функции существительного, местоимения what, which, whose употребляются как существительные и прилагательные, а местоимения when, where, why, how используются как наречия. a) Если местоимение wh о, what является подлежащим, то оно согласуется с глаголом в единственном числе Who lives in this house? – The Smiths – Кто живёт в этом доме? – Семья Смитов What was in the box? – Pencils – Что было в коробке? – Карандаши b) В качестве вопросительных местоимений-прилагательных употребляются which и what Местоимение which предпочтительно, если говорящий предполагает выбор из ограниченного числа возможностей, местоимение what более естественно в ситуации неограниченного выбoра Which/what train are you going to take? На каком поезде вы собираетесь поехать? Which bread do you want – white or brown? Какой хлеб вы хотите – белый или чёрный? What language is spoken in Senegal? На каком языке говорят в Сенегале? Reciprocal Pronouns The reciprocal pronoun is used to show an action or feeling which is reciprocated, words in this category are one another and each other.
1) К взаимным местоимениям относятся местоимения each other u one another, имеющие значение друг друга. Местоимение each other предпочтительно в случае, если речь идет о двух участниках, а местоимение one another употребляется, если участников больше двух. Однако это правило часто не соблюдается. John and Max don’t like each other. 2) При необходимости перед each other или one another употребляется предлог Her last two books bear a strong likeness to one another 3) Взаимные местоимения могут стоять в форме притяжательного падежа They looked in each other’s eyes.
Pronoun Rules As with all types of grammar, there are rules surrounding the use of the pronoun. Let’s take a look at these now. 1) If the pronoun is being used as a subject it is known as a subject pronoun and often appears at the beginning of a sentence, although this is not always the case. An example of this would be She went to the shop. The words he, I, she, we, whoever, they, it etc are all subject pronouns, 2) Secondly, a subject pronoun can be used if they are renaming the sentence subject, in this case, they always come after to be verbs, these might be verbs such as were, am, are, is, etc. An example of this would be That is she or This is him talking. 3) Another rule is that if the word who is being used as a pronoun to refer to a person, it will take the form of the verb to which that person corresponds, this might sound strange as this rule is not always followed but an example might look like this It is I who am going to town. 4) An object pronouns is used to refer to the object of a sentence. Object pronouns might include the words him, me, her, us, them, etc. An example of this might be Sarah watched her. In this example. her is the object of the verb watched. 5) When a possessive pronoun is used, the use of an apostrophe is never required. 6) When using the pronouns which, that, and who you should use either a singular or plural verb depending on what the pronoun is referring to. For example, look at the following sentence.
You can see that the verb like has been modified to become plural when the pronoun who refers to two people as opposed to one. Gender Pronouns Gender pronouns exist in a binary system: male or female. In this system, he/him/his or she/her/hers are pronouns used to delineate gender. These pronouns occur in the 3rd person singular.
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