Differon - a collection of cells that make up one line of differentiation - from the least to the most

Differentiated

Loose irregular connective tissue (picture)

Collagen fiber, 3-fibroblast, 7-macrophages

 

DIFFERON OF FIBROBLAST:

Stem cell

↓

Hemi stem cell

↓

undifferentiated fibroblast

↓

Differentiated fibroblast

↓

Fibrocyte

Myofibroblast, Fibroclast

Undifferentiated fibroblasts

SIZE 20-25 microns, Endoplasmic reticulum is poorly developed, low protein synthesis.

Differentiated fibroblasts -Size: 40-50 microns, biosynthesis is intensive. The cytoplasm contains microfilaments, which determines the ability of cells to move. PRODUCE ALL COMPONENTS OF EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX (collagen, elastin)

Fibrocytes - have a fusiform shape an. It is old definitive form of fibroblast. Has low functional activity

Myofibroblasts are functionally similar to both: fibroblast and smooth muscle cells. PRODUCE COLLAGEN, Elastin and contractile proteins (actin, myosin).Observed in granulation tissue and uterus during pregnancy

Fibroclasts - take part in the resorption of intercellular substance during the period of involution.

 

Macrophage

Macrophage Precursors - Blood Monocytes

Macrophages can be:

- free

- fixed

Free i nclude macrophages of LICT (histiocytes), serous cavities, inflammatory exudates, lungs.

Fixed (resident) include macrophages of CMC, l / y, spleen, osteoclasts, microglia.

The nuclei are round, in the cytoplasm there are many lysosomes and phagosomes.

Cell peripherals rich in cytoskeletal elements, due to which the movement of cells, endo- and exocytosis are ensured.

On the surface of the plasma membrane are receptors for tumor cells, E, T and B lymphocytes, hormones, antigens.

FUNCTIONS : Phagocytosis - absorption of foreign material and its neutralization

               Transmission of antigen information to immunocompetent cells (antigen presentation)

               They produce IL-1, growth factors, antitumor factors.

-------------------------------------------------- -----

The amount of M increases with inflammatory processes.

Mononuclear phagocytes system

This is the totality of all cells capable of phagocytosis, the precursor of which are promonocytes and monocytes.

I.I. Mechnikov came up with the idea that phagocytosis is an important protective mechanism.

Among mononuclear cells in this system there are also multinuclear cells (osteoclasts of bone tissue, microglia of nervous tissue, Kupffer cells in the liver).

MUST CELLS

The shape of the cells is oval or round, with short processes.

The cytoplasm contains granules:

- basophilic metachromatic (with heparin, histamine, hyaluronic acid, serotonin).

- azurophilic (lysosomes).

Mast cells are capable of degranulation in response to any changes. Histamine immediately causes the expansion of blood capillaries, increases their permeability, which manifests itself in local edema. Heparin reduces blood coagulation.

 

PLASMA CELL

Formed in lymphoid organs from b-lymphocytes

They are localized in the CT of the tunica mucousa, in the lymphoid organs, in the connective tissue of the glands.

They are stained basophilically, contain a large amount of rER in the cytoplasm.

The light area near the core forms a sphere or courtyard.

Antibodies (immunoglobulins) are formed on rER membranes

ADIPOCYTES