Unit 5  The Future Perfect Tense

 

Formation

The Future Perfect is formed with shall/will have+V3

She will have cleaned her flat by 2 pm.

She will not have cleaned her flat by 2 pm.

Will she have cleaned her flat by 2 pm?

The Future Perfect Tense denotes an action viewed as completed by a definite future moment/another future action or covering a certain period of time up to the given future moment.

My sister will have left school by July.

She will have left school by the time I graduate from the University.

Kate will have been a student for half a year by March.

We will have had our old TV-set for 10 years by the time the new TV-set is delivered.

 

Practice

 

Ex. 58 Read the story and comment on the use of the Future Perfect Tense. Ask and answer questions with the verbs in the given tense

Some sections of the new motorway are already in use, and soon half of this road will be open to traffic. By the end of next year the workers will have completed the project, and at last there will be peace for the inhabitants of the countryside. The new road will have freed them from the constant deafening roar of high-powered engines. The completion of the road will be a relief even to the workmen. Some of them will have been here for over seven years by the time they have finished.

 

Ex. 59 Read the dialogue and pick out the information about the work on the swimming pool that will have been done before long. Discuss it in questions and answers

-Have they finished work on your new swimming pool, Charles?

-They will have completed it by the end of the week.

-How long is it?

-It's only 25 feet long and 15 feet wide.

-How deep is it?

-It's eight feet in depth. They will have installed the diving-board by Saturday. By the way, we're holding a swimming party on Sunday, if it's not too cold. You will come, won't you?

-I'd love to come, but I'm not much of a swimmer.

-Well, I'm hardly a good swimmer myself Anyway, it'll be fun.

 

Ex. 60 Use the Future Continuous or the Future Perfect

1.What will you (be doing/have done) this time tomorrow? 2.How soon will the builders (be finishing/have finished)laying the foundations? 3.Do you think you’ll (be making/have made) a decision by next July? 4.Next Sunday morning I’ll (be sitting/have sat) on a beach doing nothing. 5.By the end of the year I’ll (be driving/have driven) 20 000 miles on business. 6.We’ll (be waiting/have waited) for you at the station when you arrive.

Ex. 61 Imagine yourself in the year 2010. How long will you have been a student by then? How many exams will you have passed? How many courses will you have taken?

Ex. 62 Put the verbs in brackets into the Future Perfect, the Future Continuous or the Future Simple Tense

1. In a fortnight's time we (take) our exam. 2. By the end of next year I (be) here twenty-five years 3.  I still (be) here next summer but Tom (leave). 4.I (finish) this job in twenty minutes. 5. By next winter they (live) in their new house for 2 years. 6. The train (leave) before we reach the station. Hurry up! 7: If I continue with my diet I (lose) 10 kilos by the end of the month. 8.I (attend) lectures on literature next year. 9. By the end of the term I (read) all twenty volumes. 10.I (stay) with them for a week next month. 11. On the fourth of next month he (be) in hospital for three months. 12. When we reach Leeds we (do) half of the journey. 13. If we don't hurry the sun (rise) before we reach the top. 14.I'm going to Hyde Park to hear the people making speeches. 15. -You (be) too late. By the time you get there they (finish) their speeches and everybody (go) home. 16. Citizens of Раcifiса! In twelve months' time, the average income of our

people (rise) by five per cent, while inflation (not rise) at all. 17.By 2005 we (make) great progress. 18.In fact, by 2005 we (overtake) Arctica and Atlantica. 19.In 2005 our factories (produce) all the goods we need. 20.By 2005 the number of schools in our country (double). 21. In 2010 we (build) many new hospitals. 22.By 2010 you (reach) a better standard of living than at any time in our country's history!

 

Ex. 63 Translate into English

1)Боюсь, когда я вернусь с деньгами, продавец уже продаст все словари.2)Студенты первого курса сдадут экзамены к первому июля. До начала экзаменов они напишут несколько экзаменационных работ и сдадут все зачеты. 3) Если ты не поспешишь, преподаватель уйдет из института прежде, чем ты доберешься туда. 4) Он опасается, что цены поднимутся прежде, чем он получит надбавку. 5) Анна приезжает в сентябре. Первого сентября исполнится год, как она за границей. 6) Пора покупать новый телевизор. В январе будет 10 лет, как он у нас. 7) В следующем году исполнится 25 лет, как они женаты. Дети приедут, чтобы отметить этот юбилей родителей. 8) Две новые станции метро откроются к 1 ноября. Строительство будет идти (be under way) 5 лет в общей сложности. 9) В понедельник будет месяц, как Аня находится в больнице. 10) Если мы не поспешим, то придем на станцию, когда поезд уйдет. 11) –Давай встретимся в 12 часов. - Извини, я не могу. Я буду сдавать экзамен. - А в 3 часа? - Хорошо. Надеюсь, я уже сдам экзамен к этому времени. 12) По дороге домой я обычно захожу в магазин. Я куплю то, что вам надо, так как буду покупать продукты для себя. 13) Анна побудет пару часов одна, прежде чем ее сестра вернется с работы. 14) К концу недели он будет в больнице уже месяц. 15) У нашей собаки Омеги маленькие щенки. Когда они пробудут у нас месяц, мы подарим их друзьям. 16) Вечером яувижу Олега. Мы занимаемся в одной группе. 17) Завтра мы встречаемся с Марией. Она мне позвонила и мы договорились. 18) Если он не вернется к девяти часам, позвони мне немедленно. 19) Я с ним переговорю до твоего возвращения, но не уверен, что он последует моему совету. 20) Начался дождь. Давай поспешим. Если мы не придем на вокзал к приходу поезда, бабушка будет сидеть на чемоданах одна. 21) Мы выполним работу к среде, если ничто не помешает.

 

Unit 6 The Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Formation

The Future Perfect Continuous is formed with shall/will have been+ing-form.

They will have been using their car for 3 years by August.

They will not have been using their car for 3 years by August.

Will they have been using their car for 3 years by August?

The Future Perfect Continuous (Progressive) Tense denotes an action lasting for a period of time up to or including a certain future moment. This moment can be indicated by adverbials with the preposition 'by' or another future action. As with all the Perfect Continuous Tenses the Future Perfect Continuous is not used with stative verbs. With non-stative verbs the Future Perfect Continuous is preferred to the Future Perfect when the speaker wants to emphasise process rather than the future result.

 

Practice

 

Ex. 64 Read the dialogue and pick out the verbs in the Future Perfect Continuous Tense. Comment on their use. Ask and answer questions about the text using the Future Perfect Continuous Tense

-I hear you are finally retiring at the end of the year, Bill. What will you do when you've stopped work?

-Absolutely nothing. I'll have been working for this company for forty years by the end of October, and I deserve a complete rest. My wife will have been working here for thirty years by then, but she isn't retiring yet.

-As for me, I'll have been working here for twenty years by January. Won't you be sorry to leave, Bill?

-No, I won't. I've been working too much lately and want a complete rest.

 

Ex. 65 Choose between the Future Perfect and the Future Perfect Continuous Tense

1. They (complete) the new bridge by the end of the year.

2. By the end of this week I (wait) seventeen weeks for my phone to be repaired.

3. Do you realise that on August 15 we (live) in this house for fifty years?

4..I hope I (finish) this report by the end of the day.

5. She (leave) before the children get home from school.

6. We (fly) non-stop for fourteen hours before we get to Calcutta.

7. They (complete) their work by the end of the week.

 

     Ex. 66 Fill in the gaps using the verbs from the box in the appropriate Future tense

     Find  finish  play  catch  live   buy  sell

1.-Can I borrow your new computer game?

-I don’t know where it is. Come round tomorrow. I … it by then.

2.-Have you been living here for a long time?

-Tomorrow we … for exactly a year.

3.-Shall we go to the cinema at six?

-No, let’s make it eight. I (not) … homework at six.

4.-The next time I see you I … a new car.

-I’m really looking forward to going for a ride in it.

5.-I’m tired. Shall we stop playing?

-Let’s go on for another ten minutes. We … for two hours then.

6.- I must go and buy that pullover today. It’s the only one in the shop.

-Don’t worry! I’m sure they (not) … it yet.

7.-I don’t want to go into the park. A lion escaped from the zoo yesterday.

-I’m sure they … it before long.

 

Ex. 67 Use the verbs in the Future Perfect or the Future Perfect ContinuousTense

1.By the end of next week my wife (do) her spring cleaning and we'll all be able to relax again. 2.I usually make a lot of apple jam in summer. I (make) about 200 kilos by the end of the summer. 3.In two months' time he (finish) his preliminary training and will be starting work. 4.He spends all his spare time planting trees. He says by the end of next year he (plant) 2,000. 5. I'll be back again at the end of next month, I hope I (pass) my driving test by then. If 1 have, I'll meet your train. 6. Come back in an hour. I (do) my packing by then and we'll be able to have a talk. 7. When he reaches the lake he (walk) for 6 hours. 8. He's only 35 but he's started losing his hair already. He (lose) it all by the time he's 50. 9.By the end of next year I (work) for the firm for 15 years. 10. Our committee is trying to raise money to buy a new lifeboat. By the end of the year we (send) out 5,000 letters asking for contributions. 11. By the time the polls close, how many people (vote) in this election, do you think? 12. On 11 October the Pattersons (live) here for ten years. 13. The company (build) 500 houses by the end of the decade. 14. Between now and Christmas the doctor (treat) at least 500 patients. 15. Scientists claim that the sea level (rise) three centimetres before the year 2005. 16. It's no good phoning before eight. I not (get) back by then. 17. The climbers (reach) the summit before sunset. 18. Your aunt (cook) dinner by the time we arrive? 19. I (finish) the house work by the time my parents come home. 20. It's the firm's anniversary next week. They (make) furniture for 50 years.

 

Ex. 68 Use the verbs in one of the Future tenses

A

I (see) William tomorrow in our weekly Japanese class, so I (tell) him what you have just told me. He (be) very pleased to know that you (leave) for Leeds next week. How long you (work) there before you (return)? How long you (be) employed by this firm by the time you (come) back?

 

В

Sir James and Lady Blenkinsop (be) roamed and (live) together for thirty years next March. They (celebrate) their wedding anniversary with a dinner party at Blenkinsop Hall on the seventeenth. I don't think it (be) a particularly stylish affair, but I am sure a lot of good food (be) served. Sheila, Ken and Willie have been invited and (go). Marilyn was invited too, but can't go because she (leave) for the States by then. Helen and Denis say they (go) - If they're invited! I haven't been invited yet, but I can't go anyway, as I (work) on a job in Glasgow at the time. I (stay) for three weeks when my wife (join) me. She (return) to London by next month.

    

С

-Next week I (take) my driving test. I (prepare) for it for a month by then. Wish me luck!

-I (do) better than that. I (give) you some last minute instruction.

-Thank you, but I not (go) out this evening. I (stay) in and (go) to bed early. That(be) the best way to prepare for the test.

 

Ex. 69 Translate into English

1) Анна будет учиться в школе в Смоленске в течение года, прежде чем родители заберут ее в Москву. 2) Делегация английских студентов прибудет в наш город в пятницу в 11 часов. 3) Мы будем плыть через Ла-Манш в течение 2 часов. 4) Алексей будет писать дипломную работу полгода, прежде чем защитит ее в июне. 5) Я знаю, что просижу весь вечер, прежде чем закончу сочинение. 6) Конечно, Катя устанет к концу учебного года, и ей нужно будет отдохнуть в июле. Ведь она будет сдавать вступительные экзамены 2 недели. 7) Мы будем гостить у бабушки две недели, прежде чем к нам присоединятся наши родители. 8) Ольга добилась хороших результатов в английском языке, хотя в сентябре будет всего 2 года, как она изучает его. 9) Алексей всегда увлекался спортом. В январе будет пять лет, как он серьезно занимается плаванием. 10) Я подожду тебя полчаса, пока не закончится лекция. Не волнуйся, я буду просматривать газеты.

 

Unit 7 Future Through Present.

The Construction To Be Going + Infinitive

This is used:

1.to talk about intentions concerning things already decided or plans that have already been made.

We are going to get a new car soon. When are you going to get your hair cut? I'm going to ask for a rise next month.

  

2.to make predictions about a future situation which already has signs or causes in the present, i.e. when we can see that a future event is on the way or starting to happen.

Look at that tree! It's going to fall.

Look at those black clouds. It's going to rain in a minute.

Look out! We are going to crash.

Look at that wall! It's leaning out - it's going to fall down one of these days.

 

3. to express a decision or a firm determination. UnlikeFuture Simpl e 'going to' expresses a decision referring to a more distant point in the future,, not an immediate decision.

I'm going to paint my room this summer. -I've already chosen the colours I want.

Have you taken your driving test yet? - No, I m going to take it on Monday.

I hear Susan is going to change her car at last!

I'm going to say something to him, when I see him next!

 

The Present Continuous Tense

This tense-form describes:

1) fixed plans and 2) personal arrangements, especially social and travel arrangements. The future meaning of the Present Continuous is made clear by time reference, adverbials or context. The Present Continuous (Progressive) for future actions is frequently associated with verbs of movement (go, come, arrive, fly, move, etc) but other groups of verbs are used as well.

My Dad is flying to Paris tonight.

He is arriving on the б о 'clock train tomorrow morning.

Wednesday won't do. I 'm afraid, I m attending a conference.

She says she's baby-sitting tonight.

He is taking three "A' levels this summer.

What are you doing this evening? - I'm going to the theatre.

Note the use of the Continuous form of the verb 'see' in the meaning of 'meet 'in colloquial English.

I'm seeing Pete on Tuesday.

I'm seeing the dentist tomorrow.

 

The Present Simple Tense

As compared to the use of the Present Continuous for future actions the Present Simple Tense is used to express a definite future arrangement ina more formal language.

It is typically used for talking about timetables, routines and schedules. It is also used to describe fixed events which are not simply the wishes of the speaker. The future meaning of the Present Simple (like in the case of the Present Continuous in the same meaning) must be indicated by an adverbial modifier or prompted by the context.

The train for Madrid leaves at 3.50.

What time does the bus arrive in York?

Next term starts on April 6.

Tom retires in three years.

Christmas is on Tuesday next year.

Next week I have my operation; then the week after that I go on holiday.

 

Practice

 

Ex. 70 Read the text and notice the difference in meaning between the Future Simple and 'to be going to'.

Pick out the sentences expressing a) the speaker's intention, b) prediction out of circumstances

John: Look, there isn't a cloud in the sky. It's going to be a glorious day.

Shall we go to the beach?

Carol: I am going to the beach, but I won't swim. The water's still too cold.

John: I don't think I will swim either. But I am going to take my swimming things with me. If the sun gets very hot I expect I'll be glad to jump into the water.

Carol: I'm going to lie in the sun a lot this year. I need sunshine after all the rain during the winter. I know it will do me good.

John: It's a holiday today. That means there will be a big crowd of people at the seaside.

Carol: But I'm sure there won't be too many at Whitesands Beach. We'll

probably have the place almost to ourselves.

John: What shall we do about lunch? Shall I make some sandwiches?

Carol: It's OK. I'll make them, if you go and get the car ready.

 

Ex. 72 Complete the dialogues using the Future Simple or 'to be going to' to express decisions or intentions

Kay is in a hamburger bar with her mother.

Mum: I suppose you already know what you are going to have.

Kay: Yes, of course. I …a double hamburger. That's what I always have.

Mum: But it's not very healthy, you know, all that meat. Perhaps I...some­ thing without meat for a change.

Kay: I don't care about being healthy. I…a double hamburger the same?

Mum: I'm not really sure. I think I… a fishburger.

Key; Hey, look at the menu! What about this - a 'hamburger'?

Mum: What's that?

Kay: With soya beans and salad. Sounds nice.

Mum: Okay,… one of those.

Kay: Actually mum, I think I might change my mind. I…  

Mum: Good. Two healthburgers. Right, I… go and order them.

Kay: Stay where you are, mum. I….

 

Ex. 73 Choose the correct tense form of the verb

1. Look out! We 'll/We 're going to crash!

2. I hope one day I'll/I'm going to have more free time.

3. Mary 'll/Mary ‘s going to marry an old friend of mine in August.

4. I can't talk to you now. We 'll! just/We 're just going to have lunch.

5. Perhaps in a few hundred years everybody will/is going to have an easy life.

6. What are your plans for this evening? - I'll/I 'm going to stay at home and watch TV

7. John's starting university in October. - Oh, yes? What will he/What's he going to study?

8. If you and your husband both have green eyes, your children will probably/are probably going to have green eyes too.

 

Ex. 74 Look at the following sentences from the dialogue. They all show different ways of talking about the future. Which tenses are used in each?

1. I'm leaving on the 10 o'clock train.

2. I’ll be back on Sunday afternoon.

3. I'll give you a ring then.

4. I'm going to do some studying tomorrow.

5. I'll give you a lift to the station tomorrow if you like.

 

Which sentence indicates

a) an intention?

b)a prediction?

c) a promise or decision?

d)an offer?

e) a definite future arrangement?

 

What's the difference in meaning?

a)I'll go and make some coffee.

b)I'm going to make some coffee.

Ex. 75 Which form do you feel is best?

1. Here's the builder's estimate. It (will cost/is going to coast) $7.000 to repair the roof. 2. I think it (will cost/is going to cost) about $3.000 to rebuild the garage. 3. Alice (will have/is going to have) a baby. 4. With a bit of luck, the baby (will have/is going to have) Alice's eyes. 5. (I will play/I'm playing) tennis with Alan on Sunday. 6. (He'll win./He's winning) He always does. 7. Don't tell her. (She'll tell/She is going to tell) everybody else. 8. What's happening? The train (won't stop/isn't going to stop)! 9. One day everybody (will have/is going to have) proper housing. 10. (She'll get married/She's getting married) on Friday at the local church. 11. (It will rain/It's going to rain) - look at those clouds. 12. If it gets any colder it (will snow/it's going to snow).

 

Ex. 76 Respond to the statements below using the Present Continuous tense, will or going to. Say if you think your response indicates a definite arrangement, an intention, a prediction, an offer, a decision or a promise.

 

1. A: Your TV set looks as if it's 50 years old!

 B: I know, I...

2. A: Do you know when you're leaving?

   B:Yes,I...

3. A: Are you ready to order now?

 B:Yes,I...

4. A: Is dinner ready yet?

B: No,... ready in 20 minutes

5. A: Look at all tins washing up!

 B: I... if you like.

6. A: You always forge to send us a postcard!

 B: Don't worry, I... this time.

7. A: 1 hear you've been offered a job.

B: That's right, but I...

8. A: Smoking is very bad for you.

B: I. know, I...

9. A: Have you done the shopping?

 B; Not yet, I...

10. A: Tony is back from holiday.

   B: Is he? I …

Ex. 77 Put the dialogues in the right order. Then try to decide why the speakers use different Future tense forms. Choose from the following meanings: arrangement, intention /prediction, decision

Dialogue I

(...) I bet he'll take you to McDonald's! ()

(…) Pete's taking me out to dinner tomorrow, {arrangement)

(...) That will be expensive. ()

(...) He will probably make you pay for yourself. ()

(...) Well, in that case, I won't go then. ()

(...) No, he's going to take me to a French restaurant. ()

 

Dialogue 2;

(...) I'll lend you my black dress if you want. ()

(...) Of course it will! ()

(...) I'm going to leave my black jeans on. ()

(…) It won't fit met (.).

(…) Dad's taking me to the opera tonight. ()

(...) What are you going to wear? ()

 

Ex. 78 Read the situations and decide what you say in each case. Use will/shall, going to or the Present Continuous. There may be more than one correct answer for some situations, but remember that going to is usually used for actions that have already been decided on

You make your friend a cup of sweet coffee, then she tells you she doesn't take sugar. Offer to make her another one. I'm sorry, I'll make you another one.

1. A colleague asks you why you've brought your sports kit to the office.

Explain that you have arranged to play tennis after work.

2. A friend asks about your holiday plans. Tell her that you've decided   not to go abroad this year.__________________________________

3. Your brother lent you some money last week. Promise to pay him back at the weekend. 

4. A friend is telling you about her wedding plans. Ask her where they plan to go for their honeymoon._______________________________

5. Your sister has bought some very cheap CDs. You want to get some too and you've asked her several times where she got them, but she refuses to tell you. Ask why she refuses to tell you.________________________________?

6. Some friends have asked you to have lunch with them and then go to see a film. Agree to have lunch but refuse to go to the film because you've already seen it.

7. You failed an exam last year. Since then you've been working hard. Tell your teacher it's because you're determined not to fail again.

8. Your neighbour is playing loud music late at night. You get angry and ask him to turn the volume down.

9. You've been offered the starring role in a Hollywood film and have accepted it. Tell your friends about it.

 

Ex. 79 Choose the proper tense-form. Comment on your choice

1.When (does/will) school start? 2. The plane (arrives/will arrive) at 10.00. 3. I (write/will write) soon. 4. We (go/are going) to Spain some time soon. 5. You (go/will go) next door for the tickets. 6. I (stop/will stop) smoking after Christmas. 7. How (do/will) I switch this on? 8. The exams (are/will be) in June. 9. I (have/will have) a lecture at 9.00 tomorrow. 10. The train (won't/doesn't) stop at Oxford. 11.I (come/will come) round after 7.00. 12. Where (do/will) I go for my interview?  13. I (play/am playing) football tomorrow.  14. What time (does/will) the concert end?  15.I (post/will post) your letters.

 

Ex. 80 Choose the correct form of the verbs

A) BEN: Are you busy this week, Sara?

SAM: Not particularly. I revise /I'm revising until Wednesday because I've got an exam, but that only lasts / that is only lasting until midday and then I'm free.

B)PAT: Oh dear, I've spilt my coffee.

ALAN: I get /I'll get a cloth.

C)WILL: What time does your evening class finish / is your evening class finishing?

LIZ: Half past nine.

WILL: Shall I come /Do I come and collect you?

LIZ: Thanks, but / meet/I'm meeting my sister for a drink.

D)MIKE: Mum, will you talk /are you talking to Dad for me?
MUM: What's the problem?

MIKE: Last week he said I could use the car at the weekend but now he doesn 't let / he won't let me after all. I need it to get to the match J play /I'm playing on Sunday.

MUM: OK. / try /I'll try to make him change his mind. I expect he's agreeing /he'll agree when I explain.

 

Ex. 81 Comment on the uses of the Present Continuous, "To Be Going to" and the Present Simple expressing future actions

1. Sue and I have decided to have a party.

We're going to invite lots of people.

2. Have you decided where to go for your holidays^?

-Yes, we're going to Italy.

3. I hear David is marrying a French girl.

4. The future situation is uncertain. What's going to happen?

5. She's meeting the accountants at 12.00 on Monday

6. Do you know I'm getting a new job?

7. What are we having for dinner?

8. Next year it's going to be different, I promise.

9. I'm seeing Pete on Tuesday.

10. How do I switch this on?

11. The lesson ends at 12 o'clock.

12. Have you passed all your exams?

- Not yet. I'm taking my final exam tomorrow.

13. Shall I come and collect you?

- Thanks, but I'm meeting my sister for a drink.

14. When we go to France, we're going to stay in a hotel.

15. I don't feel well. I think I'm going to faint.

16. Watch out! Those boxes are going to fall!

17. He's coming to see me this afternoon.

18. I'm having lunch with John tomorrow.

19. You work so hard. You are going to be rich and successful.

 

Ex. 82 Choose the correct form of the verbs

1.Oh no! Look at the time! (I'll be/I'm going to be) terribly late. 2. If you want to go to the shop, you can borrow my brother's bicycle. I'm sure (he won't mind/he's not going to mind). 3. (I'll go/I'm going to go) into town this afternoon. Can I get you anything? 4. (Will you hold/Are you going to hold) this box for a moment while I unpack it? 5. I hear the government has announced (they'll raise/they are going to raise) taxes again. 6. (My car won't start/My car isn't going to start). It must be the cold, I think. 7. (I'll start/I'm going to start) a new job next week. 8. I'm sorry I forgot your birthday. Why don't you come round tomorrow and (I'll cook/I'm going to cook) you a meal?

 

Ex. 83 Fill in the blanks below with a suitable form expressing the future. Use the words in brackets. Often more than one answer is possible

«Ned, (I open) I 'm going to open a disco. I've been planning this for some months now. But (it take).....a lot of money to get it started, (you lend)....me $50,000? (I pay)....it back soon- (you not have to)____ wait long. Of course, you could join me as a partner. (We share).....the profits. This disco (be)....a great success, because there's nothing for teenagers in this town at the moment. Every businessman in town (wish) he had thought of it. In six months (we recover).....all the money we've put into it.

Look, Ned. You (not get)....another chance like this! The thing is, I can buy it at a really low price! It's a nightclub at the moment. But the owner has had trouble with the police, and (he not be able)....to continue with the club much longer. He wants to get rid of it, so (he sell)....it to me cheap. We've already agreed matters on the telephone, and (I meet)....him tomorrow. The timetable is that (we sign)....the agreement tomorrow, and (I pay)....him the money within fourteen days. I know that if I don't pay in time, (he send)...some of his friends round to see me. So I must get the money, somehow.»

 

Ex. 84 Translate into English

1) Что Вы собираетесь делать сегодня вечером? - Мы собираемся посмотреть достопримечательности города. Вы поедете с нами? 2) Моя тетя приезжает сегодня вечером. Я собираюсь испечь яблочный пирог. 3) Вы уже сделали необходимые покупки? - Нет еще. Я собираюсь по магазинам в субботу утром. 4) Вы уже сдали экзамен на водительские права? - Нет еще. Я сдаю экзамен в понедельник. 5) Поезд отправляется через полчаса. Если мы не возьмем такси, мы можем опоздать. 6) Ты можешь встретить мою сестру на вокзале? Она приезжает поездом в 6.30 из Москвы. 7) Интересно, когда заканчивается семестр? - Через две недели. 8) Я очень занят всю эту неделю. Я готовлюсь к экзамену по языкознанию. 9) Боюсь, я не смогу заехать за тобой в воскресенье. Я играю в теннис. 10) Я слышал, Билл женится на француженке. Свадьба будет в Париже. 11) Я слышал, тебе предложили новую работу. - Да. Я приступаю к работе в понедельник утром. 12) Когда начинаются занятия в школе Англии? - В сентябре. 13) Не звони мне завтра. Я уезжаю в командировку. Встретимся через неделю. 14) У нас нет ни фруктов, ни овощей. Я иду в овощной магазин купить помидоры иогурцы. 15) Зачем ты включил радио? - Я хочу слушать последние новости. 16) Я собираюсьстать врачом, когда закончу колледж. Я всегда мечтал стать врачом. 17) Джимми вернулся из отпуска. - Да? Я позвоню ему. 18) Куда вы собираетесь этим летом? - Мы едем на Кипр. 19) Сколько времени они пробудут в Риге? 20) Когда открывается новый бутик? - В следующем месяце. 21) Что приготовить на обед? -Жареного цыпленка. Хорошая идея! 22) Когда ты собираешься подстричься? 23) Надень теплое пальто. Похоже, что пойдет снег. 24) Посмотри на небо. Собирается дождь. Если не возьмешь зонтик, ты промокнешь. 2.5) Нам не хватает денег на строительство дома. Мы собираемся взять ссуду в банке.

Unit 8 Clauses of Time and Condition

 

Referring to the Future

 

In complex sentences with the subordinate clauses of time and condition the future tenses are used only in the main (principal) clause. In the subordinate clause actions referring to the future are expressed by the Present Simple of the Present Perfect tenses.

Clauses of time are introduced by the conjunctions when, while, as soon as, after, before, until, till

I’ll pay you back when I next see you.

Will yon feed the cats while I'm away?

As soon as Ann and Bob have got married, they'll move to California.

I’ll have a bath before I go to work.

After we've finished the building work, things will be easier.

We won't make any decision until he arrives.

We'll support them till they have found work.

Clauses of condition are introduced by the conjunctions if, in case, unless, provided, on condition that, as long as, so long as

If you come tonight, I'm sure you'll have much. inn.

I'll buy a chicken in case your mother stays for lunch.

I’ ll take the job unless the pay is too low.

We ’ll arrive on time provided the train doesn’t stop again.

We'll play another game so long as you are not feeling tired.

You can use my car on condition that you drive it carefully.

Note: Remember to use one of the Future Tense inobject clauses after the conjunctions if (whether) and when.

Iwonder when I will get my typewriter back.

I'm not sure if (whether ) he will be able to continue in this job.

I don't know ifhe will be here when you phone tomorrow morning.

 

Practice

Ex. 85 Read the text 'Living in the Skies' paying attention to the use of tenses in complex sentences with clauses of time and condition. Ask and answer questions about the textusing when and if-clauses

Where will people live in the twenty-first century? Imagine a building one third of the height of Mount Everest, built robots, and containing a whole city. Imagine you can walk out of your front door in a T-shirt and shorts on a cold winter day and take a lift down 500 floors to school. Imagine you can see the sea a mile below you. Imagine you can never open a window. Imagine...

Well, if Japanese architects find enough money for their project, in the 21st century you'll be able to live in a building like that. Ohbayashi Gumihas designed a two-kilometre high building. Acropolis, which will stand right in the middle of Tokyo Bay. Over 3000,000 people will live in it. It will be 500 floors high, and in special lifts it will take just 15 minutes to get from top to bottom. Restaurants, offices. Hats, cinemas, schools, hospitals, and post offices will ail be just a few lift stops away. According to the architects, Aeropolis will be the first "city to touch the skies".

When we get to the end of this century, Tokyo will have a population of over 15 million people, said design manager Mr Shuzimo. 'There isn't enough land in Japan. We're going to start doing tests to find the best place to build it. I hope people will like living on the 500^th floor."

Won't people want to have trees and flowers around them? 'We're going to have green floors, where children can play and office workers can eat their lunch-break sandwiches,' explained Mr Shuzimo. What about fires? 'If there is a fire, it will be put out by roots. I hope we'll get the money we need to build. As soon as we do, we'll start. This will be the most exciting building in the world'.

 

Ex. 86 Open the brackets using the proper tense-forms of the verbs in the main and subordinate clauses

a) Superstitions

1. If you see a black cat, you (not have) good luck.

2. If you (spill) some wine, throw some salt over your left shoulder to keep bad luck away.

3. If the sky (be) red this evening, the weather (be) fine tomorrow.

4. If your visitor in the New Year (have) dark hair, you (have) good luck all the year.

5 If you (break) a mirror, you (have) seven years' bad luck.

6 If your palm of your left hand itches, you (have) some money.

Do you know any other superstitions?

 

b) Tips and hints

1.Your T-shirts (not shrink) if you (not wash) them in hot water.

2.If you (not use) a body lotion after a shower, your skin (go) dry.

3.Your roses (last) longer, if you (put) an aspirin into the water.

4.Your house plants (die) if you (not water) them.

5.Your car (not use) so much petrol if you (not drive) too fast.

Can you add some more tips and hints?

 

Ex. 87 Read the dialogue and then make up similar conversations using if clauses

Mother: Oh, dear. I hope everything will be all right. You've never been abroad before.

Gill: Don't worry I'll be OK. I can look after myself.

Mother: But what will you do if you don't like the family?

Gill:  I'll find another one.

There are the other things Gill's mother is worried about.
Perhaps Gill will:      Perhaps she won't:

-ran out of money      - like the food

-be lonely                   - understand the language -be ill

-get lost

-have to work too hard

Ex. 88 Complete the sentences choosing 'if or 'in case' according to the time of the actions in the main and subordinate clauses: simultaneous or not

Note that we use in case to talk about precautions-things we do to be ready for what might happen.

I’ll buy a bottle of wine (now) in case Roger comes (later).

I’ll buy a bottle of wine (later) if Roger comes (and if he doesn’t come I won’t).

1. I'm taking my umbrella with me - it rains.

2. I'll open the umbrella - it rains.

3. He'll take some extra traveller's cheques - he runs out of money.

4. I'll change a traveller's cheque - the bank is open.

5. I don't want to go out - she phones.

6. I'll take the mobile phone -1 need to phone you.

7. I'll give you my phone number - you need to contact me.

8. I'll draw a map for you - you can't find our house.

9. The burglar alarm will go off'- somebody tries to break in.

10.We have a burglar alarm - somebody tries to break in.

11.You should insure your bicycle - it is stolen.

12.I'll take a plastic bottle of water -1 get thirsty.

13.We'll have a swim - we see a nice place by the river.

14.Can you buy me a newspaper - you pass a kiosk on your way home.

15.When you drive to the mountains this winter, put chains on your wheels - the roads are icy.

 

Ex. 89 Put in 'if or 'unless' according to the structure of the subordinate clause

Note: Unless means if not in the sense except if. Note also that clauses with unless don’t have a negation with the predicate while the predicate of their transforms with if is negative.

1. The trip to town takes half an hour... there's no traffic delay.

2. We'll go for a drive in the country ... itdoesn't rain.

3. He'll be here by 8 o'clock... he has car trouble on the way.

4. He'll lose his hearing... the operation isn't successful.

5. You'll get a headache... you don't wear your glasses.

6. He can't afford to go to college... he doesn't win a scholarship.

7. She'll be lonely... she buys another dog.

8. There will be a serious shortage of water... it rains soon.

9. They'll never find out... she tells them.

10.She'll look nicer... she doesn't wear so much make-up.

 

Ex. 90 Study the examples below. Notice the similarities and differences in the usage of the conjunctions introducing conditional clauses

Note: So long as and provided that are close in meaning to on condition that having an implication of restricting the probability of a future action by a certain condition, i.e. meaning if and only if.

As compared to if and unless the conjunctions so long as and provided
that are typically used in more formal language.

I'll do what you say provided the police are not informed.

You can't go in unless you are a member. The club is for members only.

You can use my car as long as (so long as) you drive carefully.

Travelling by car is convenient provided (that) you have somewhere to park.

You can have the car tonight if Harry doesn’t need it.

Don't answer the door unless there's someone else in the house.

We'll arrive on time provided that the train doesn't stop again.

I'll give you the day off on condition that you work on Saturday morning.

 

Ex. 91 Choose the correct conjunction for each sentence

Children are allowed to use the swimming pool unless/provided they are with an adult.

Unless/provided they are with an adult, children are not allowed to use the swimming pool.

1. I like travelling by sea so long as/unless it's not rough.

2. I don't want to be disturbed, so don't phone me on condition that/unless it's something important.

3. Please, sign the contract if/on condition that you are happy with the conditions.

4. I don't mind Guy coming with us provided/in case he pays for his own meals.

5. You can go out to play as long as/in case you stay in the back yard.

6. Unless/provided you pay the bill immediately, I'll have to call the police.

7. I'll stay with you as long as/in case there is a room.

8. You can take my car as long as/unless you don't smash it up.

9. I'll be back tomorrow on condition that/unless there's a plane strike.

10. You're welcome to stay with us as long as/in case you share the rent.

11. You'll enjoy the concert unless/provided you like Beethoven.

12. He will win easily in case/unless he loses his temper.

 

Ex. 92 Study the examples below. Notice the use of the conjunctions introducing clauses of time

1. It's not worth going shopping now. By the time we get to the shops, they will be closed.

2. Hurry up! By the time we get to the cinema, the film will already have started.

3. I hope to see you before I leave tomorrow.

4. She was very rude to me. I refuse to speak to her again until she apologizes.

5. Please, report to reception when you arrive at the hotel.

6. I will pay the bills as soon as I get them.

7. He says he'll keep on working until he is 60.

8. I won't go out until I've done my home-work.

9. After the lesson has finished I'll go to the hairdresser's to have my hair cut.

10. While you are making tea I'll lay the table.

 

Ex. 93 Choose the correct tense-form according to the type of the subordinate clause: of time or condition, on the one hand, or an object clause, on the other

1.If you there first, keep a seat for me. (get) 2.I'll see you again when I next in London, (be) 3.1 don't know when I a job. (find) 4. Give her some more chocolate if it her quiet, (keep) 5. I'll open the window when it raining, (stop) 6. You can borrow my coat if you it back, (bring) 7. If you a seat/ I'll see if the doctor's free, (take) 8. All right. I'll apologize if it you feel better, (make) 9.Can you tell me when Mr Ellis here next, (be) 10. Come back again soon if you a chance, (get) 11.I don't know when he (come), the-weather is so nasty. 12. Ask him if he (go) to the Mediterranean.

 

Ex. 94 Put when or until according to the structure and meaning of the sentences

1. Cook asparagus... you can easily put a sharp knife through the middle of the stems. 2 If you need unsalted butter, pour boiling water over salted butter which has been cut into pieces, and then put it all into the fridge.... the butter is hard,the salt will be left in the water. 3.... you only need the yellow skin of a lemon, cut it with a potato peeler. This will cut it thinner than a knife. 4. If you are cooking whole onions, remember that they won't make you cry.. they lose their roots. So peel them from the top and cut the roots off last. 5. Serve wine very cold. Keep it on ice... the moment you pour it. 6.... a melon is ready to eat, the end opposite the stem will be fairly soft.

 

Ex. 95 Reply to the questions using the given prompts as subordinate clauses of time with the conjunction 'as soon as'

e.g. 1. When are we going to eat?

      We '11 eat as soon as John gets back.

1.When are we going to eat?                     a) I finish reading it.

2.When are you going to do your homework? b) John gets back.

3.Aren't you going to leave soon?                    c) this programme finishes.

4.When can you lend me that book?          d) I get free weekend.

5.When are you going to come and visit us? e) I get my typewriter back.

6.When are you going to finish that report? f) the babysitter arrives.

 

Ex. 96 Choose the appropriate conjunction before a time-clause according to the structure and meaning of the sentence

1.Don't turn off the gas (until, while) the kettle boils. 2. I'll wait here (when, until) you get back. 3. Give me a ring (when, while) you hear the news. 4. I won't leave the house (until, while) the postman calls. 5. I won't speak English perfectly (until, after) I study it. 6. Where will he stay (when, while) he goes to New York? 7. They'll give her the message (as soon as, until) she arrives. 8. I'll give you some medicine (while, before) you go to bed. 9. I'm worried about the children. I'll stay up (until, before) you come back. 10. We must do something (before, since) it's too late. 11. I don't want to go without you, I'll wait (until, when) you are ready. 12. I'm going out now. If anybody phones (while, when) can you take a message. 13. We won't have dinner (until; before) Dad arrives.

Ex. 97 Make one sentence from two using a suitable conjunction for the time-clauses

1. You will be in London again. You must come and see us again.

You must come and see us when you are in London again.

2. I'll find somewhere to live. Then I'll come and give you my address.

3. I'll do the shopping. Then I'll come straight back home.

4. It's going to start raining. Let's go home before that.

5. She must appologize to me first. I won't speak to her until then.

6. Doctors will find an answer to AIDS. They will be able to cure people.

7. Office workers will have jobs. New technology will make them redundant.

8. Super intelligent computers will be invented. Technicians will need to maintain them.

9.Robots will be introduced. Factory workers will go on strike.

10.Oil will have run out. Scientists won't have discovered an alternative source of energy.

11.Children will still be going to school. Scientists will be trying to invent machines to teach them at home.

 

Ex. 98 Open the brackets and fill in the missing conjunctions

Polar Test

British explorer Robin Drake says that the first international polar expedition.., (start) next March. It... (try) to reach the North Pole on a 65-day, 480-mile journey.... Drake.. (succeeded), he... (be) the first man to walk to both the North and South Poles. Drake... (go) on the Icewalk Expedition with navigator Alan Winterson.... they... (arrive) in Thule in northern Greenland, walkers from Russia, Japan, Australia, Canada, and Italy... (join) them..... They... (get) to their base camp, Eureka, inside the Artie Circle, they... (have to) build huts to protect them from temperatures as low as minus 70 degrees Fahrenheit. 'We... (do) a lot of experiments to see how much pollution there is in the area', said Robin. 'The results... (help) us to understand the effects of pollution on the planet, including holes in the ozone layer and the greenhouse effect.'... the weather... (be) good enough, they.. (make) a film of the expedition. Robin said, '... we... (get) back home, we... (show) it to people all over the world.'

 

Ex. 99 Write sentences giving your own ideas, or find out what a friend thinks about

1. the date of an important development in science (e.g. the first people to land on Mars)

2. People will land on Mars in.....

3. the next winner of an important sporting event (e.g. the World Football Cup)....

4. a future event in your country....

5. a promise you have made, or think you ought to make to your husband, wife, father, mother, brother, sister, or friend....

6. an event which is likely to happen in the future, with signs or causes already visible in the present.....

7. something natural or routine, which will happen as a matter of course (whether anyone wants it or not)...

8. something you'll be doing in one, two, three... (choose a number) years' time.....

9. something that will have happened by 2005, 2010... (choose a date).....

10. an arrangement you have made with another person, or a journey you have planned....

11. 10.something which is due to happen as part of your timetable or programme.....

 

Ex. 100 Put the verb in brackets in the correct tense-form

A.

1.What you (do) if you (find) a wallet in the street? 2. I must hurry. My friend (be) annoyed if I (not be) on time. 3. Please, sign the contract if you (be) happy with the conditions. 4. Ann (be) surprised when she (hear) the news. 5. I (pay) you back when I (see) you next. 6. Good, everybody is ready. If we (leave) now, we (miss) the rush hour traffic. 7. If you (smoke) less, you (have) much more money. But I don't think you ever will. 8. If we (lock) the car window, we (not give) the opportunity to break in. 9. If you (press) the button, a receptionist (come) to help you. 10.What (happen) to the environment if we (not look) after it? 11. Our children and grandchildren (suffer) if we (not look) after our planet.  12. I (do) my homework as soon as this programme (finish). 13. I (come) provided that he (stay) away. 14. You may borrow the book so long as you (return) it. 15. I hope you (think) of me while I (take) my driving test. 16.If you (marry) me I (cook) you nice meals when you (come) home in the evenings. 17.When the Queen (arrive) the audience will stand up. 18. When the fog (lift) we (be able) to see where we are. 19. The car (not move) till you (take) the break off. 20. As soon as she (leant) to type I (get) her a job.

 

B.

There will be a big audience at the Metropolitan Stadium tomorrow night when the American singer, Joe Lucia, (make) his final appearance, but it may not be big enough for the organiser. Harry Jones if he (not sell) 50.000 tickets, he will lose money.

As soon as Joe (arrive), 100 policemen will escort him through the crowd and before the concert begins the Major (make) a speech of welcome. Joe will be happy when he (open) the concert with his signature tune: 'If you see Maria, (tell) her I love her, because he (collect) a cheque for 500.000 dollars as soon as the concert is over, but Mr Jones will be worried unless more tickets (be) sold. He told me: '1 (be) sure all Joe's fans will want to be here tomorrow when Joe (say) goodbye, and he'll be disappointed if they (not come)'. Unless the fans respond, Mr Jones (have) to pay Joe's guaranteed fee out of his own pocket. Right now he is probably remembering two of Joe's other hits. 'If you (love) me, come and see me and I hope you (be) with me when I (be) in trouble'.

 

Ex. 101 Match the two halves of the following sentences

1.' If they find out about this a) if you catch the 9.00 train.

2. Here are some sandwiches b) there'll be trouble.

3. I won't call a doctor    c) if they offer it to him''

4. You'll arrive before lunch d) the stain will come out

5. Will he take the job    e) in case you get hungry

6. It'll taste much nicer  f) unless her temperature goes up

7. Please don't telephone g) when she's had her operation

8. If you soak it in cold water h) if you add a little sugar

9. I'll cook the spaghetti i) unless it's urgent

10.I'll buy her some flowers j) as soon as they arrive

Ex. 102 Read the following situation and write as many sentences as you can containing if or 'unless', 'when' or 'as soon as’

You are taking a very important examination tomorrow. As it is taking place in a city about twenty-five miles away, you know you have to get up at 6.45 in time for the 7.30 bus to the station. The train leaves at 7.45 and there is not another one until 8.45. The examination lasts three hours and there are six questions to answer. You know you '11 need all the time allowed. You need this examination to get the job you want in the local engineering company.

 

Ex. 103 Translate into English

A.

1) Мы отправимся в Лондон, как только получим визы. 2)-Я не уверен, смогу ли я зайти к ним попрощаться. 3) Если вы будете работать усердно, то к концу дня закончите работу. 4) Я с ним переговорю до твоего возвращения, но я не уверен, последует ли он моим советам. 5) Если вы откажетесь от этой работы сейчас, вам больше никогда не представится такая возможность. 6) Он сказал, что все объяснит, когда вернется. 7) Как только я устроюсь на новом месте, я дам вам знать. 8) Твой отец будет разочарован, когда узнает об этом. 9) Она спросила меня, поеду ли я провожать ее на вокзал. 10) Если ты не будешь осторожным, то опять можешь попасть в аварию. 11) Мы будем оказывать тебе поддержку, пока ты не найдешь работу. 12) Ты обязательно похудеешь, если будешь придерживаться овощной диеты. 13) Когда вы прочтете книгу, сдайте ее в библиотеку. 14) Я сообщу Вам свой новый адрес прежде, чем мы переедем на новую квартиру. 15) Если я не сдам экзамен по языку, я буду делать все возможное, чтобы пересдать его. 16) Если он пропустит лекцию, ему придется переписать ее. 17) Она никогда не отдыхает, пока не сделает уроки. 18) Как только мы повторим эту грамматическую тему, мы будем писать текст. 19) Он сдаст свою работу, как только проанализирует все грамматические модели. 20) Если ты не посмотришь незнакомые слова в словаре, ты не сможешь их правильно произнести и употребить. 21) Ты обогатишь свой словарный запас, если будешь много читать книг в оригинале. 22) Если он будет работать урывками и пропускать занятия, он провалит экзамен. 23) Если этот учебник тебе очень нужен, ты сможешь взять его в библиотеке. 24) Я не смогу дать тебе взаймы денег, если не получу стипендию сегодня. 25) После того, как закончатся семинары по психологии, мы будем сдавать зачет. 26) Не волнуйтесь, я присмотрю за Вашим багажом, пока Вы не вернетесь. 27) Когда я закончу эту работу, я возьму отпуск на пару недель. 28) Как только я получу водительские права, я куплю себе маши