Most modal verbs are used in three modal meanings: the concrete, the imperative and the suppositional.

 

Exercise 156. Change the following affirmative statements into questions.

 

Model.   He can go. – Can he go?

They could have found it. – Could they have found it?

 

1. We can solve the puzzle.

2. He might be leaving for work now.

3. They can explain what happened.

4. I must leave at four o’clock.

5. They could have been waiting for the bus.

6. I shall go out now.

7. We should be making the arrangements.

8. You will have finished the book.

9. She would like to know the answer.

10. You should have called him.

 

Exercise 157. Transform the sentences using the Sequence of Tenses, change the modal auxiliaries accordingly.

 

Model.   She says she can do it. – She said she could do it.

Do you believe they will manage it? – Did you believe they would manage it?

 

1. Jane says she must leave.

2. He says he may go.

3. They know we will help them.

4. I think we can finish on time.

5. He assumes we can reach our destination by dawn.

6. Do you hope they will keep in touch?

7. I think I shall succeed.

8. We believe he will be there.

9. I suppose he must be at home.

10. Does he not realize we may meet him there?

 

Modal Verbs due to the degree of certainty            

Uncertainty

might

may

could

can

should

ought to

would

will

must

Certainty

 

Exercise 158. Translate the sentences into Russian and mind the difference in the degree of certainty expressed by modal verbs.

 

1. It might be George. It’s most unlikely though – it’s too early for him to come.

2. It may be George. I’m not sure, but I guess it’s him.

3. It could be George. I’d hesitate to guess, but he is free today, so it could be him.

4. It can be George. I’m almost certain.

5. It should be George. It’s about time he came.

6. It ought to be George. Doesn’t he have any idea that we are waiting for him?

7. It would be George. Finally! We’ve been waiting long enough.

8. It will be George. He’s right on time.

9. It must be George. Come on, let’s go.

 

Exercise 159. Retell the story using Modals.

 

The Crow and her Children.

    A crow said to her children: “It’s time you learned to look for your own food, it is needed.” With that she turned the whole lot of them out of their nest and took them into the fields.

    But the crow’s children didn’t like the idea. “We’d rather go back to our nest”, they cried. “It’s so comfortable to have you bringing our food to us.” “I dare say!”, said the mother. “But you’re big enough to feed yourselves. I was turned out of the nest when I was much younger, I can tell you that!”

    “But people can kill us with their guns,” said the young crows. “No fear of that!” replied their mother. “People can’t shoot without taking aim, and that takes time. When you see them raising their guns to their faces, ready to shoot, you must fly away.”

“We might do that,” said the children, “but if someone were to throw a stone at us he wouldn’t have to take aim.”

“Well, you’ll see him stooping down to pick up the stone.” said the mother.

“But supposing he carries a stone in his hand ready?” “Why, if you are sharp enough to think of that,” said the mother, “You are clever enough to take care of yourselves.” And with that she flew away and left them.

 

CAN

The modal verb can has two forms: can for the Present Tense and could for the Past Tense. The modal expression be able to which has the same meaning can be used to supply the missing forms of the verb can.

 

The modal verb can may be used in the concrete, imperative and suppositional modal meanings.

1. In the concrete meaning the verb can is used to express mental or physical ability and circumstantial ability (possibility due to circumstances or due to existing laws).

- physical or mental ability

E.g. She can translate this article easily. He is very strong, he can swim half a mile without getting tired. When she was eight, she couldn't read well. John couldn't fight his elder brother. I hope I'll be able to type after several lessons. In spite of her age Jane is able to dance well.

- circumstantial ability (possibility due to circumstances)

E.g. You can take any bus to get there. She couldn't visit us as she was ill.

- circumstantial ability (possibility due to existing laws)

E.g. They couldn't get married as she was only seventeen. You can get medical treatment here free of charge as you are a resident here.

 

2. The imperative meaning of the verb can is used to express permission (asking for permission), request (could makes the request more polite) and prohibition.

 

- asking for permission

E.g. Can we stay here for another night?

E.g. Can we wait here?

- prohibition

E.g. No, you can't wait  here – it is against regulations.

- permission

E.g.You can stay here as long as you'd like to.  

 

- request

E.g. Could you do me a favour?

E.g. Can you tell me the time, please?

 

3. Can  in the suppositional meaning is used to express doubt, incredulity and astonishment. When expressing strong doubt about the present, the verb can (could) is used with the non-perfect infinitive. To express strong doubt about the past the perfect infinitive of the notional verb should be used after can (could).

 

- strong doubt about the present.

E.g. Can (could) he know about it? (Неужели он знает об этом?)

He can’t (couldn’t) know the language quite well. (Не может быть, чтобы он знал язык так хорошо.)  

- strong doubt about the past.

E.g. Can (could) he have solved the problem in such a way? (Неужели он решил эту проблему таким образом?) He can ’ t (couldn ’ t) have liked the place.(Не может быть, чтобы ему там понравилось.)         

Exercise 160. Read and comment on the meaning of the modal verb can. Translate the sentences into Russian.

 

1. “I want her to know that if the worst comes to the worst she can count on me. That’s what I want you to tell her.” (Maugham). 2. If we can’t as we would, we must do as we can (Proverb). 3. On a sudden the police rushed in and everyone who could made for the door (Maugham). 4. Somehow I could not get into my story end after trying once or twice I had to give it up; I started from the very beginning in the usual way, and made up my mind I could only tell what I know of Strickland’s life in the order in which I learnt the facts (Maugham). 5. The operation showed that little could be done (G. Gordon). 6. She had only to convince that his future couldn’t be happy without John (Galsworthy). 7. Some day, when my daughter is married and my son has a wife and is able to take my place on the island, we shall go back and finish our days in the old house in which I was born (Maugham) 8. It gave me a sudden wrench of the heart-strings. I could have killed Strickland then and I knew that my voice was trembling when I bade the nurse good-bye (Maugham). 9 I could have wished that Strickland had used some other phrase to indicate his refusal (Maugham). 10. I wish I could say that I recognized at once their beauty and their great originality (Maugham). 11. But frankly I was so taken aback that I lost my head; I accepted the offer before I was able to collect myself (Maugham). 12. They had told her that the doctor could not be disturbed (Maugham). 13. He can’t be more than thirty, dear (Swinnerton). 14. I could not, and would not, believe that she was becoming interested in me. That could not be (Dreiser). 15. I can’t be the only man who walks along this street and wants a cigarette (Maugham). 16. He was the first to break the silence. “You don’t happen to be devil by any chance?” – “I could have asked you the same question”, I replied. 17. After she had gone he got to thinking the matter over and wondered what could have happened. It seemed rather odd that he should be wondering over it (Dreiser). 18. “Just supposing,” she said, “people could live on an island like that (Dreiser). 19. “She ventures to trouble herself about my affairs, does she? I wonder people can’t mind their own business without interfering with mine.” 20. “And I’m not married because I have never been able to make up my mind just what to do about it. (Dreiser). 21. Talent alone cannot make a writer. There must be a man behind the book (Enerson). 22. A man cannot be too careful in the choice of his enemies (O. Wilde).

Exercise 161. Answer the questions using your Active Grammar.

 

1. Could you speak English when you were 10?

2. Will a person be able to speak English perfectly well after studying it for a year?

3. Who can picture the excitement of an applicant at the entrance examinations best of all?

4. Can you make an effort not to show that you are nervous at the exams?

5. Can you give advice how to avoid feeling nervous at the exam?

6. How can you practise English best of all?

7. How can you achieve good results in studying a language?

8. Can you get to the University by bus?

9. Will a person be able to drive a car well after a month of practice?

10. Can you get to the country by metro?

11. Can you cook well?

12. Can you act as if you liked the present even though you didn’t?

13. Will you be able to find a job after you graduate?

Exercise 162. Read the proverbs. Find Russian equivalents. Illustrate them with a situation.

1. Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today.

2. You can take a horse to the water, but you cannot make him drink.

3. What is done cannot be undone.

4. A man can die but once.

 

Exercise 163. Read the jokes. State the meaning of the modal verb can.

 

***

- I can see you are a married man now.

- How?

- Because you have no buttons off your coat.

- Yes, that’s the first thing my wife did. She taught me how to sew them on.

 

***

- More than 5,000 elephants go each year to make our piano keys.

- Really? Well, it’s remarkable what those beasts can be trained to do.

 

***

    A lady is calling the pediatrician: Please come quick. My boy has swallowed a fountain pen.

    Pediatrician: I can come only in an hour.

    Lady: What can I do in the meantime?

    Pediatrician: Use a pencil.

 

***

    Some people were gathered on the verandah after dinner. A young lady asked: “Can you name five days of the week without mentioning Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday and Sunday?”

    Nobody could guess. At last the young lady said: “It is very easy. Here are the five days: today, yesterday, the day before yesterday, tomorrow, and the day after tomorrow.”

 

***

    After a car accident. Woman driver: But I insist it was my fault.

    Man driver: No, my dear, the fault was entirely mine. I could tell your car was being driven by a woman at least 300 feet away and I could easily have driven away into the field and avoided this.

 

***

    A man, who was not very good at driving, especially at parking, damaged one of the cars.

    When he wrote to the insurance company about the accident, they sent him a form to fill in describing it, and one of the questions on the form was, “How could the driver of the other car have prevented the accident from happening?”

    The man thought for a minute and then wrote, “He could have parked the car on another street.”

 

Exercise 164. Read the poem and state the function of the modal verb can.

 

The wind

             I can get through a doormat without any key,

                                 And strip the leaves from the great oak tree.

                                 I can drive storm-clouds and shake tall trees,

Or steal through a garden and not wake the flowers.

Seas I can move and ships I can sink;

I can carry a house-top or the scent of a pink.

When I am angry I can rave and riot;

And when I am spent, I lie quiet as quiet.

                                James Reeves

Exercise 165. Can/Could you do these this things? Do you think you’ll be able to?

Model.   drive     

Possible answers:     - I can’t drive, I don’t want to learn.

                       - I can’t drive, but I’ll be able to drive in a year.

                       - I can drive, I enjoy driving.

- I could drive well a couple years ago, but now that I’m out of practice, I don’t think I can.

- I couldn’t drive last year, but now I can.

 

 

    cook                dive                 play volleyball

    dance              snowboard      play chess 

    type                sew                 take pictures

    speak Japanese knit                 draw

 

Exercise 166. Read the passage given below. Mind the use of the modal verb can. Imagine you have supernatural powers. What can/could you do?

 

… Miss Honey I do honestly feel I could move almost anything in the world, not just tipping over glasses and little things like that... I feel I could topple tables and chairs, Miss Honey... Even when people are sitting in the chairs I think I could push them over, and bigger things too, much bigger things than chairs and tables... I only have to take a moment to get my eyes strong and then I can push it out, this strongness, at anything at all so long as I am staring at it hard enough... I have to stare at it very hard, Miss Honey, very very hard, and then I can feel it all happening behind my eyes, and my eyes get hot just as though they were burning but I don’t mind that in the least, and Miss Honey...

(From “Matilda” by Roald Dahl)

Exercise 167. Fill in the gaps with could/was able to.

 

1. She … find the house easily as she had been there before.

2. Michael … the top shelf as he was the tallest.

3. I … find this book only with her assistance.

4. In spite of the rain he … win the race.

5. Granny … take care of herself until she was 84.

6. She … take this responsibility as it was part of her job.

7. Though it was quite dark, she … find her way.

8. Cathy … walk three miles without feeling tired.

 

Exercise 168. Fill in the gaps with can/could/be able to.

I want to take up a course of English.

     I often speak English at work. I’d like to take up a course of English to make progress in it. I … not find the course with flexible schedule until I found this school. There I was told I … choose any time that would suit me.

    I … not make up my mind whether to attend Upper Intermediate or Advanced level course. Tomorrow I’ll … have an evaluation test, which will enable me to find the right group to study with. They don’t charge for the evaluation test. I also learned that I … pay either cash or credit card. Well, theoretically, I … pay for the whole year, but I’ll wait and see.

    When I get the Certificate of Completion, I … use it to get benefits. I … be sure that this course will do me good. If I’m not satisfied with the quality of teaching, the money … be refunded within 2 weeks, except for the classes I’ll have taken. I’m looking forward to the beginning of the classes. I’ll … practise my English any way!

 

 

Exercise 169. Choose Can you or Could you according to the situation.

    Model. To your friend, if you need some help. - Can you help me?

 

1. To your roommate after the party. – Vera, ___ dispose the garbage, while I’m cleaning the room?

2. To the police officer if you can’t find a car park. – ___ tell me where the nearest car park is?

3. To your Professor, if you can’t understand the new rule. – ___ explain the rule once again?

4. To the stranger at the Karaoke bar, if it’s your turn to sing. – ___ pass me the microphone?

5. To you friend, if you want him to come to your place. – ___ come over?

Exercise 170. Mind that there are very polite ways to ask for permission or to request:

             

Do you think I could Could I possibly I was wondering if I could

use your phone?

        

Use these forms in the following situations:

1. You want your Dad to give you the car for the weekend.

2. You ask your neighbour to buy you some bread.

3. You need a day off badly and you ask your boss.

4. You want to have an appointment with the Dean.

5. You are interested in the book the person sitting next to you is reading.

Exercise 171. Make a list of rules and regulations (10 items) using can, can’t. Options:

a) you are the owner of a fancy restaurant, b) you are the Dean of our department, c) you are the law enforcement officer in a national park.

 

Model. a) 1. You can bring your pets – we have an especially equipped room for them and a caretaker. 2. You can’t smoke in our restaurant – we maintain non-smoking policy.

Exercise 172. Read the information. Who could it have been?

 

    Ben and Mary have two daughters, Jacky and Michel. Ben’s friend Thanos from Greece is staying with them now. In the evening Ben wanted to have some cherry pie. When he opened the fridge, he couldn’t find it!

    Who could have eaten it?

· Mary is on a diet.

· Thanos is asleep.

· Jacky is in her room with her friends.

· Michel is in the yard, playing with her dog.

 

Exercise 173. Translate into English using your Active Grammar.

 

A

1. Он умеет водить машину. 2. Он не может запарковать машину, сделай это сам. 3. Когда ей было 5 лет, она не могла говорить по-французски. 4. Ты можешь понять, что он говорит? 5. Боюсь, что она не сможет пойти на занятия, у нее температура. 6. Мы не могли заставить его заниматься спортом систематически. 7. К сожалению, не все можно сделать силой. 8. Вы не могли переводить такие предложения, когда учились в школе. 9. Я не могу понять разницу между этими словами. 10. Если я завтра буду свободна, я смогу пойти с вами в кино. 11. Вы сможете поправиться через неделю, если будете принимать это лекарство. 12. Ему удалось починить принтер без вашей помощи. 13. Пожалуйста, сообщите мне об этой статье, как только вы сможете ее опубликовать. 14. Очень жаль, что вы не можете видеть долину из-за густого тумана. 15. Я не мог поверить своим глазам, во что они превратили комнату.

 

B

1. Не может быть, чтобы он работал сейчас. 2. Он мог бы сдать экзамены в институт, если бы попробовал. 3. Неужели они не могли прийти и поздравить тебя? 4. Неужели они в Москве? 5. Неужели это Энн? Как она изменилась! 6. Нельзя так разговаривать с детьми. 7. Неужели она ждала нас два часа? Не может быть, чтобы она ждала нас два часа. 8. Неужели мы опоздали всего на пять минут? 9. Не может быть, чтобы не одобрил вашего решения. 10. Не может быть, чтобы он не послал вам письма. 11. Не может быть, чтобы он говорил по-немецки. 12. Неужели ты не мог сказать об этом раньше?

 

C

1. Ты мог бы сам купить хлеб, ты же заходил днем в магазин. 2. Она могла бы зайти в библиотеку за словарем. 3. Она могла бы заниматься усерднее, и сдать экзамены на наш факультет. 4. Он мог бы прислать лишнюю копию статьи и для меня. 5. Вы могли бы посоветовать ей прочитать другую книгу, эта слишком трудна для нее. 6. Ты так напугал ее! Мог бы сказать ей об этом осторожнее. 7. Ты мог бы принять приглашение на вечер, ты же свободен сейчас. 8. Вы могли бы встретить их на станции, у них очень тяжелый багаж. 9. Вы могли бы проконсультироваться у профессора. 10. Ты мог бы объяснить ему разницу в температуре по этому термометру. Он бы так не волновался тогда. 11. Они могли бы предупредить нас о своем приезде либо позвонив, либо послав письмо. 12. Ты бы могла взять такси, тогда бы мы не опоздали к началу спектакля. 13. Ты могла бы ему помочь с английским языком. Он так много пропустил уроков из-за болезни.

 

MAY

 

The modal verb may has two forms: may for the Present and might for the Past. The expressions be allowed and be permitted, which have the same meaning, can be used to supply the missing forms of the verb may.

 

May is used in the concrete, imperative and suppositional modal meanings.

1. In the concrete modal meaning may is used to express possibility due to circumstances and only in affirmative sentences.

E.g. You may see him every morning walking with his dog.

 

If the sentence refers to the Past, might is used in this meaning.

Note: The modal verb can is mostly used to express this meaning.

 

2. In the imperative modal meaning may is used to express permission ( asking for permission), prohibition, ironic(al) request and reproach.

- asking for permission (used mostly in interrogative sentences)                    

E.g. “ Can I have this?” Ramona said, taking a burned match out of the ashtray.

    “ May I have this. Yes. Stay out of the street, please.” (J.D. Salinger)

E.g. May I use your pen? I’ve left mine at home.

 

- permission

E.g. You may stay here if you want to.

Note: Can is also used in the meaning of permission, but the meaning itself is a bit different. “You may stay here” means that the speaker gives you the permission to stay. “You can stay here” means that there are no conditions that prevent the person from staying there.

 

- prohibition

E.g. May I turn on the radio, Mum? – No, you may not. Your younger brother is sleeping.

(No, you mustn’t. Your brother is ill, he’s running a high temperature. No, please, don’t. It’s too noisy.)

 

Mind the difference between the prohibitions. May not can be also translated into Russian as “ не смей!”.

 

- ironic(al) request (the form might is used with the non-perfect infinitive)

E.g. You might visit your parents more often!

- reproach (the form MIGHT with the perfect infinitive is used)

E.g. You might have congratulated me. Yesterday was my birthday.

 

 

3. In the suppositional meaning may is used to express doubt and uncertainty about the present or future (with the non-perfect infinitive), or about the past (with the perfect infinitive). The forms may and might are used interchangeably in this meaning.

 

E.g. She may (might) still be waiting for me. He may(might) know her. You may(might) have left your gloves at home.

 

Exercise 174. Read and comment on the meaning of the modal verb. Translate the sentences into Russian.

 

1. You might see nothing in him. I see everything in him. 2. What you have told me is quite a romance, a romance of art one might call it. 3. I know, now, that when one loses one’s looks, whatever they may be, one loses everything. 4. You have known nearly everybody in your time, so you might have known her. 5. This young man might be rich. 6. I am afraid I may frighten the Company. 6. I passed a dreadful evening, half afraid that one tragedy might be followed by another. 7. I may mention that she was not the woman’s only child. There is a son, a charming fellow, I believe. 8. Victor might have read the book. 9. I don’t know if he will be able to come, Harry. He may have to go to Monte Carlo with his father. 10. It was his beauty that had ruined him, his beauty and his youth that he had prayed for. But for those two things, his life might have been free from stain.

The Picture of Dorian Gray by O. Wilde.

11. Might I speak a word to you, my lady? 12. Elisa is upstairs, Higgins. – Upstairs!!! Then I shall jolly soon fetch her downstairs. But you might have told us this half an hour ago. 13. I told him he might drop in when he saw the light.

B. Show

14. When so much has been written about Charles Strickland, it may seem unnecessary that I should write more. 15. I couldn’t help thinking that Colonel Mac. Andrew might have some difficulty in doing this.

S. Maugham

 

Exercise 175. Read the joke. Comment on the meaning of the modal verb may.

 

***

    A man may be a fool and not know it – but not if he is married.

Exercise 176. Address the student of your group with a reprimand. Use You might/You might have.

 

Exercise 177. Imagine you have a child. Make a list of rules and regulations (10 items) using may, may not.

Model. 1. You may not take cookies from the jar in the kitchen without my permission. 2. You may play computer games only after your homework has been done.

Exercise 178. You are expecting a call from your friend. He/She doesn’t call. What might have happened?

Model. He/She might have left the cell phone at home.

Exercise 179. Translate into English using Active Grammar.

 

А) 1. – Мне можно сделать это сегодня? – Не обязательно, вы можете сделать это завтра. / – Да, вы можете сделать это сегодня. 2. – Можно мне посмотреть вашу работу? – Пожалуйста. / – Нет, она еще не готова. 3. – Доктор, можно мне купаться? – Нет, нельзя. У вас могут быть осложнения. / – Конечно можно. Это только принесет вам пользу. 4. – Можно нам подождать здесь? – Да, пожалуйста. / – Нет, пожалуйста, пройдите в зал. 5. Вы можете брать книги в нашей библиотеке. 6. Не мог бы я вас попросить зайти позже? 7. Вы можете прийти в 10 часов. Это время удобно для всех. 8. Можно мне поговорить с Энн? – Боюсь, что она уже ушла.

 

В) 1. Ты могла бы прийти вовремя. Мы все ждем только тебя. 2. Ты вся дрожишь от холода. Ты бы могла бы надеть теплое пальто. 3. Ты бы могла зайти в аптеку по дороге домой, ведь ты сегодня вернешься с работы пораньше. 4. Если бы я была на твоем месте, я бы не отказалась от приглашения. Ты могла и принять их приглашение. 5. Ты могла бы встать раньше. Уже слишком поздно для поездки за город. 6. Как тебе не стыдно! Ты могла бы дать кусочек пирога своей маленькой сестренке. Смотри, она расплакалась. 7. Если бы ты очень старалась, ты бы выполнила эту работу хорошо. Могла бы постараться. 8. – Ты бы мог остаться дома, хотя бы один вечер в неделю. Мама очень огорчена. – Я знаю и очень сожалею об этом. Я мог бы приехать на выходные. 9. Вы бы могли предупредить меня, что вы не придете. Я бы не ждал вас.

 

С) 1. Если бы вы выехали на 10 минут позже, вы могли бы опоздать на поезд. 2. Как вы неосторожны! Вы могли бы сломать ногу! 3. Вы, возможно, видели этот фильм. 4. Кто знает? Может быть, это правда. 5. Возможно, он сказал правду. Но ему никто не верит. 6. Он, может быть, вам верит. 7. Может быть, она тебя ищет. 9. Она, может быть, написала вам письмо, но вы его не получили. 10. – Где же ключи? – Ты могла потерять их. Ты такая рассеянная.

USED TO

 

USED TO means “to be doing something for a period in the past, either often or for a long time”. It expresses past habits. Unlike WOULD it doesn’t require a past time reference.

E.g. I used to come to their place quite often.

  I would come to their place every Sunday last summer.

USED TO also expresses past situations.

E.g. She used to have dark hair but now she dyes it red.

USED TO has no present form (and no progressive, perfect, infinitive or Participle I). To talk about present habits and states, use the Simple Present tense.

 

E.g. She collects CDs.

The auxiliary verb did is used to form interrogative sentences.

E.g. Did she use to have long hair?

Note 1. The correct spelling is ‘ use to’, not ‘ used to’.

The negative form is usually ‘ didn’t use to’, but in British English. This is quite informal and is not usually used in writing.

E.g. We didn’t use to work on Saturdays.

Note 2. The negative form ‘ used not to’ (rather formal) and the question form ‘ used you to...?’ (old-fashioned & very formal) are only used in British English, usually in writing.

 

As a modal verb USED TO expresses:

1) that something happened continuously during a period in the past.

E.g. I used to live in London. You used to work for this firm for quite a time, didn’t you?

2) that something happened frequently during a period in the past.

E.g. We used to go sailing on a lake in summer. I didn’t use to go out much when I was at college.

NOTE 3. Mind that USED TO and WOULD are synonyms if they express a repeated action. However, USED TO is typical for colloquial speech, whereas WOULD is frequently used in writing. To show a state in the past only USED TO is used.

              E.g. He used to be a military engineer.

Exercise 180. Complete the sentences according to the model.

    Model. I don’t smoke now. – I used to smoke when I was younger.

 

1. It’s amazing! There is a big shopping centre here now, although I remember ….

2. I am glad to be back into this town, you know, I ….

3. I hate pickled pepper! …, but I’ve have too much of it.

4. I enjoy reading books about Art, ….

5. I can recommend you this gym. When I lived nearby, ….

6. I don’t go out much now, ….

7. You should ask him, he knows much about Italy, ….

8. I wish I had a car now, ….

9. …, but now this is a highly developed country.

10. I drink only 2 mugs of coffee a day, ….

 

Exercise 181. Complete the sentences with used to or would.

 

1. Every evening he … go to the Tylors to have a game of chess with Griffin Tylor.

2. When I was about your age, I … go hiking with my friends.

3. We … spend more time together.

4. She was such a sissy. She … complain about every slight inconvenience.

 

5. He … come to their door at 7.30, punctually as always.

6. People … read more books than they do now.

7. There … be so many cafes in this part of town.

8. Before the accident she … to go jogging every day.

9. I … visit them every summer.

10. She was so punctual. Every morning she … get up at 6, have breakfast and leave at 6.45 sharp.

Exercise 182. Say what you used to do, and do not do any more.

    Model. I used to walk a lot, but now that I have a car, I don’t walk much.

Exercise 183. Translate into English using your Active Grammar.

 

1. Он часто ездил на этот замечательный курорт летом. 2. Он был душой любой компании и легко находил со всеми общий язык. 3. Как часто вы навещали нас раньше! Может быть, вы приедете к нам в субботу? 4. Она периодически подбегала к столу, чтобы проверить, все ли правильно сервировано. 5. Раньше ты так часто ходил в этот клуб. 6. Обзор показал, что раньше оплата налогов была менее своевременной. 7. Раньше он был водителем, потом стал работать телохранителем. 8. Когда я учился в институте, я часто посещал эту библиотеку. 9. Возможно, он первым обнаружил, что кельты жили здесь. 10. Эмма часто собирала гостей на веранде.