Topics for discussian in class

1. Borrowings from Celtic.

2. Latin borrowings.

3. World - formation in O.E.
Questions and assigments:

 

1. Why does the O.E. vocabulary contain so few borrowings from the Celtic
languages of Britain? Why do place - names constitute a substantial part of
Celtic element?

2. From list of Latin loan - words speak on the kind of contacts the English
had with Rome at different historical periods.

3. What facts can be given to prove that O.E. was generally resistant to
borrowing and preferred to rely upon its own resources?

4. Pick out the O.E. suffixes and prefixes which are still used in English and
can be regarded as productive today. Give your examples.

5. Determine the part of speech and the meaning of the words in the right
column derived from the stem given in the left column:

learn – ian v. “learn”: _________ ere, _______ ing, _____ unз;

зе – samn – ian v. “assemble”: ____________unз;

Scēot – an v. “shoot”: _______ end;

Lēoht n. “light”: ___________ līc;

Eald abj. “old”: ____ ian, _____, unз, ______ dōm;

Scearp adj. “sharp”: ________ lic, _____ lice; ______ nis;

Sorз n. “sorrow”: _______ ian, _____ lic, _____ full;

freond n. “friend”: _______ lēas, _____ lic, _______ scipe,

ræden.

6. Add negative prefixes to the following words and explain the meaning of the derivatives:

rot "glad": un_____;

hal "healthy": wan____;

spēdiз “rich”: un ______, wan ____;

cūp “known”: un _______.

 

7. Make grammar and vocabulary analysis of sentence 11 (p. 318) from the O.E. text "Ohthere's and Wulfstan's story". Give both Russian and modern English translation of the text.

Methodical advice.

• Make use of the following borrowings from Celtic:

- place - names with Celtic element - Man - сhester, Win - сhester,
Glou - cester, Devon - port, york - shire, Corn - wall, Lich - field,
Canter - bury;

- common nouns - O.E. binn N.E. bin "crib";

dun dun "dark coloured";

bratt cloak "cloak";

 

Cradol cradle

• Latin borrowings:

- early ones - O.E. cēapian, cēap, cēapman and man3ian, man3ung, mаnЗеге ("to trade", "eal", "trader", "to trade", "trading", "trader") came from Latin names for "merchant" - caupo and mango;

O.E. ynce N.E. inch < L. uncia mynetian to coin < cuneus

wīn wine < vinum

butere butter < būtyrum

plume plum < prunus

cīese cheese < cāseus

pipor pepper < piper

- later borrowings - abbot, alms, altar, angel, disciple, idol, martyr, organ, relic, rule, temple; accent, grammar, meter, notary, decline; elm, lily, plant, pine; fever, plaster, paralysis; camel, elephant, tiger; cap, mat, sack, sock; deet, oyster, radish, etc.

• The suffix -ing was used to build patronymics and to show the descent
of a person,

e.g. AEpelwulfinз "son of AEpelwulf'

Centinз "a man coming from Kent"

Cyninз "had of clan or tribe" - O.E. cynn "clan".

• The suffix -lice was a component of adverbs,
e. g. O.E. rot N.E. "glad" adj

O.E. rotlice N.E. "gladly", "cheerfully" adv.

Literature:

1. Аракин В. Д. История английского языка. - М.: ФИЗМАТ ЛИТ, 2003.
С. 98-107.

2. Иванова И.П., Чахоян Л.П., Беляева Т.М. История английского языка.
Учебник. Хрестоматия. Словарь. - СПб.: Лань, 1999. С. 124- 127, 132-
133,144-145.

3. Rastorgueva Т. A. F History of English. - М., 1983.

4. Лекционный материал.

Seminar 6.

General characteristics. M.E. spelling. Vowels. Consonants.

Topics for discussian in class

1. Qualitative and quantitative changes of vowels in M.E.

2. Consonant changes in M.E.

3. Changes in the Alphabet.

4. Spelling changes.
Questions and assigments:

 

1. Comment on the position of French in the 12^th - 13^th centuries.

2. Speak on the role of foreign influence in M.E.

3. Comment on the peculiarities of M.E. borrowing, their character and
distinctive features?

4. What new letters and digraphs denoting consonants appeared in M.E.?

5. What change affected the O.E. monophthongs in M.E.? Were the changes
positional or independent? Give examples from the text to illustrate points
4 and 5.

6. What changes did the unstressed vowels undergo in M.E.? How did it
effect the grammatical endings?

7. Read and translate the M.E. text "The Prologue" from Canterbury Tales by
G. Chauser (lines 1-35 p. 366 - 367) into Modern English and Russian
Analyze the words from the phonetic and spelling aspects. Speak on the
period the work was written, its history and the author.

Methodical advice.

• Reading of Middle english texts
Letters Sounds	Examples
1. Vowels
1.1. Single letters
a [a]	whan, and
[a:]	bathed, maken
e [e]	ende, wende
[e:]	slepen, seken
i [i]	his, first
[i:]	inspired, shires
u [u]	but
[u:]	nature, vertu
о [о]	croppes, from
[о:]	spoken, open
[u]	sonne, come
y [i]	fyngres
[i:]	nyne, ryght
1.2. Digraphs
ее [е:]	breeth, eek
ie [i:]	grief
oo [o:l	root, soote

Ou, OW	[u:]	shoures, how
	[ou]	soule, know
au, aw	[an]	straunge, lawe
ai, ay	[ai]	fair, day
ei, ey	[ei]	wey,reysed
2. Consonants
2.1. Single	letters
с	[k]	courage, licour, Canterbury
	[s]	certain, perced
g	[g]	goon, goos
	[dз]	engendred, corages, pilgrimages
f	[fl	fowels, y-falle
v	[v]	vertu, devout
s	[s]	his, is, soundry
	и	seson, devyse
2.2. Digraphs
sh	[S]	shoures, shires
ch	[tS]	chaumbres
th	[Ө]	that, thinketh, the
	[ð]	bathed, worthy
gh	[h']	nyght, ryght, knight
wh	[hw]	whan, what

· To make, a comparative phonetic analysis you are to show the changes of

the word used in the text.

e. g. whan O.E. hwænne M.E. whan N.E. when

[hw] [hw] > [w]

[æ] > [a] > [e]

hw replaced by w

 

Literature:

1. Аракин В. Д. История английского языка. - М.: ФИЗМАТ ЛИТ, 2003.
С. 110-130.

2. Смирницкий А.И. Лекции по истории английского языка (средний и
новый период). - М.: Добросовет, 2000. С. 14-83.

3. Иванова И.П., Чахоян Л.П., Беляева Т.М. История английского языка.
Учебник. Хрестоматия. Словарь. - СПб.: Лань, 1999.

4. Лекционный материал.

Seminar 7.

Middle English grammar. Noun. Verb.