Learn the following active words and word combinations. Learn the following active words and word combinations.

Unit 6

TEXT 6A  

Equations

Learn the following active words and word combinations.

equation –  уравнение

to be equal –  равняться, быть равным

conditional equation – условное уравнение

quantity –  величина, количество

in one unknown –  с одним неизвестным

to satisfy the equation – удовлетворять уравнению

transposition – транспозиция

Give the Russian equivalents for the following words and expressions from the text.

symbolic, statement, identity, unknown, member, number, to consist in, satisfy, solve, to mean, root, conditional, value, solution, replace.

Find the answers to these questions by quickly reading the text.

1. What is an equation?

2. What does it mean to solve an equation?

Read and translate the text.

 

An equation is a symbolic statement that two expressions are equal. Thus x + 3 = 8 is an equation, stating that x + 3 equals 8.

There are two kinds of equations: conditional equations, which are generally called equations and identical equations which are generally called identities.

An identity is an equality whose two members (sides) are equal for all values of the unknown quantity (or quantities) contained in it.

An equation in one unknown is an equality which is true for only one value of the unknown.

To solve an equation in one unknown means to find values of the unknown that make the left member equal to the right member.

Any such value which satisfies the equation is called the solution or the root of the equation.

Two equations are equivalent if they have the same roots. Thus, x - 2 = 0 and 3x - 6 = 0 are equivalent equations, since they both have the single root x = 2. In order to solve an equation it is permissible to:

a) add the same number to both members;

b) subtract the same number from both members;

c) multiply both members by the same number;

d) divide both members by the same number with the single exception of the number zero.

These operations are permissible because they lead to equivalent equations.

Operations a) and b) are often replaced by an equivalent operation called transposition. It consists in changing a term from one member of the equation to the other member and changing its signs.

An equation of the form ax + b = 0 where a ≠ 0 is an equation of the first degree in the unknown x. Equations of the first degree are solved by the permissible operations listed in this text. The solution is uncomplete until the value of the unknown so found is substituted in the original equation and it is shown to satisfy this equation.

Find in the text English equivalents for the following Russian words and word combinations.

проверка, условное уравнение, выражение, уравнение первой степени, решение, неизвестная величина, корень, заменять, удовлетворять.

Match the words with their definitions.

equation	the same in size, quantity, value
equal	an amount or a number of smth.
identical	equal in value or amount
quantity	a factor in a given situation whose bearing and importance is not apparent
unknown	a statement showing that two amounts or values are equal

Now complete the sentences with the appropriate form of the words from exercise 6. One word is not used.

1. Ten plus twelve is ____ to twenty two, isn't it?

2. Is ___ a mathematical or physical term?

3. All these equations are ___, aren't they?

4. Which of you have solved the ___?

 

8. Which of the following statements are true or false?

1. An equation is a symbolic statement that two expressions are equal.

2. There’s only one kind of equations. It is called an identical equation.

3. An equation in one unknown is an equality which is true for various values of the unknown.

4. Two or more equations are equivalent if they have the same roots.

5. An equation of the form ax + b = 0, where a ≠ 0 is an equation of the first degree in the unknown x.

Compare identical and equivalent equations.

Speak about equations (in 8-10 sentences).

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TEXT 6B  

Flash Memory

 

Unit 7

TEXT 7A  

Logarithms

 1. Learn the following active words and word combinations.

antilogarithm –  антилогарифм

characteristic – характеристика

common logarith – десятичный логарифм

computation – вычисление

natural logarith – натуральный логарифм

to raise – возводить

base – основание

power – степень

TEXT 7B  

GUI operating systems

Unit 8

TEXT 8A  

  The Differential Calculus

TEXT 8B  

Databases

Unit 9

TEXT 9A  

Angles

TEXT 9B  

A typical web page

 

Unit 10

TEXT 10A  

Polygon

The text.

to intersect, perpendicular, apothem, pentagram, short radius, long radius, inscribed circle, resulting figure.

TEXT 10B  

Nanotechnology

Unit 11

TEXT 11A  

Polyhedron

TEXT 11B  

Game genres

Unit 12

TEXT 12A  

The Solids

TEXT 12B  

Telecommunications

Telecommunications refers to the transmission of signals over a distance for the purpose of communication. Information is transmitted by devices such as the telephone, radio, television, satellite, or computer networks. Examples could be two people speaking on their mobile phone, a sales department sending a fax to a client, or even someone reading the teletext pages on TV. But in the modern world, telecommunications mainly means transferring information across the Internet, via modem, phone lines or wireless networks.

Because of telecommunications, people can now work at home and communicate with their office by computer and telephone. This is called teleworking. It has been predicted that about one third of all work could eventually be performed outside the workplace. In call centres, assistance or support is given to customers using the telephone, email or online chats. They are also used for telemarketing, the process of selling goods and services over the phone.

Digital TV and radio

In recent years, TV and radio broadcasting has been revolutionized by developments in satellite and digital transmission. Digital TV is a way of transmitting pictures by means of digital signals, in contrast to the analogue signals used by traditional TV. Digital TV offers interactive services and pay multimedia – that is, it can transmit movies and shows to TV sets or PCs on a pay-per-view basis. It is also widescreen, meaning programmes are broadcast in a native 16:9 format instead of the old 4:3 format. Digital TV provides a better quality of picture and sound and allows broadcasters to deliver more channels.

Digital Terrestrial TV is received via a set-top box, a device that decodes the signal received through the aerial. New technologies are being devised to allow you to watch TV on your mobile. For example, DMB (Digital Multimedia Broadcasting) and DVB-H (Digital Video Broadcast-Handheld) can send multimedia (radio, TV and data) to mobile devices.

Mobile communications

Thanks to wireless connectivity, mobile phones and BlackBerrys now let you check your email, browse the Web and connect with home or company intranets, all without wires.

The use of GPS in cars and PDAs is widespread, so you can easily navigate in a foreign city or find the nearest petrol station. In the next few years, GPS chips will be incorporated into most mobile phones.

Another trend is wearable computers. Can you imagine wearing a PC on your belt and getting email on your sunglasses? Some devices are equipped with a wireless modem, a keypad and a small screen; others are activated by voice. The users of wearable technology are sometimes even called cyborgs! The term was invented by Manfred Clynes and Nathan Kline in 1960 to describe cybernetic organisms – being.

Unit 6

TEXT 6A  

Equations

Learn the following active words and word combinations.

equation –  уравнение

to be equal –  равняться, быть равным

conditional equation – условное уравнение

quantity –  величина, количество

in one unknown –  с одним неизвестным

to satisfy the equation – удовлетворять уравнению

transposition – транспозиция