Denominacion de Origen Califacada - DOCA

The highest classification category of Spanish wines, corresponds to the Italian DOCG.

Denominazione di Origine Controllata DOC

The quality category of Italian wines, established for wines whose origin, grape variety and style are under control. In the Italian classification system, the designation of "names controlled by origin" zones corresponds to the French AOC.

Denominazione di Origine Controllata Garantita-DOCG

Quality category of Italian high-quality wines with a state guarantee, a level higher than DOC. Only 26 varieties of wine are included in this category.

Denominacion de Origen

In the Spanish classification system, the designation of zones "names controlled by origin". Corresponds to the French AOC.

Destemming

The process of separating stems and stalks from grapes.

Domaine

The estate, especially if we are talking about Burgundy.

Dosage

Adding sugar to sparkling wine.

E

Echelle des cru

The French word for "crop gradation". Rating system for wine regions that produce champagne.

Einzellag e

A German term for a single vineyard cultivated by several growers. The name of the vineyard is usually preceded by the name of the village, for example: Wehlener Sonnenuhr — Sonnenuhr vineyard in the village of Wehlen.

Eiswein, Icewine

A rare German and Austrian wine produced from grapes that were harvested and pressed in frozen form, which provided a high concentration of sugar. In Canada, it is known as icewine. Very sweet wine.

Elevage

A French term that covers all stages of wine production from fermentation to bottling.

Embotellado de/en Origen

A Spanish term meaning the bottling of wine at the place of its production (on the estate).

En primeur

The French word for "wine futures". The method used for purchasing wine before it is bottled. It is mainly used in the province of Bordeaux.

Espumoso

The Spanish equivalent, meaning "sparkling wine".

Essenda

Wine from "samotek" (grape juice obtained without pressing), made from Aszu berries. See "Wine from samotek".

Estate-bottled

Wine. made from grapes from the estate's vineyards, and then bottled at the site of its production. In France, the label States: mis en bouteilles, followed by: au domaine, au chateau.

Estufagem

Portuguese word meaning "greenhouse", "greenhouse". The process of aging Madeira wine in a specially heated room.

Extraction

A process in which compounds are extracted from the skin of grapes in order to obtain tannin and further use it to give the wine the desired color.

F

Filtering

Removal of yeast, solid particles and various impurities from the wine before bottling.

Fining

Method of cleaning wine by adding coagulants (traditionally it is customary to add egg whites). The substances poured on the surface of the wine sink and carry all the solid particles with them.

Fino

An elegant, dry wine related to sherry, which largely acquires its properties due to the flora.

Flor

A special yeast layer that grows on the surface of some wines, especially sherry, when they are aged in barrels. This layer prevents air access and gives the wine a specific taste.

Flying winemaker

A term that came into use in the late 1980s. It is used for oenologists, most of whom were trained in Australia, and then were invited to work on improving the quality of wine in various under-developed wine regions of the world.

Fortification

A process in winemaking in which alcohol is added to a wine to increase its strength and/or stop the fermentation process in order to increase the sugar content.

Fortified wine

Wine that has been added strong grape alcohol, usually before the completion of alcoholic fermentation. As a result, the wine retains its sweetness.

Free-run wine

Juice or wine made without pressing grapes. They are usually of high quality.

Frizzante

An Italian term for a slightly sparkling wine.

G

Garagiste

A term that appeared to refer to some very small and expensive wine farms in the right Bank region and the province of Bordeaux. Such farms can be so small that they can produce wine in garages.

Garrafeira

Portuguese term for a high-quality wine with an alcohol content of at least 0.5% higher than the required minimum, and an aging period of at least 3 years for red wines and at least 1 year for white ones.