Grammar : Способы выражения будущего времени (Future Simple)

Grammar: Present simple

 

Настоящее простое время образуется с помощью подлежащего (существительного или местоимения в именительном падеже) и смыслового глагола. В утверждениях к смысловому глаголу в 3м лице единственного числа прибавляется окончание – s. В вопросах и отрицаниях с местоимениями I, you, we, they используется вспомогательный глагол do/ don’ t, а с he, she, it – does/ doesn’ t. Если смысловой глагол употребляется с does/doesn’t, окончание – s к нему не прибавляется.

Present Simple используется для выражения:

· Повторяющихся и повседневных действий: She usually plays tennis at the weekend (она обычно играет в теннис по выходным);

· Постоянных состояний: He works in the office (он работает в офисе), She studies at college;

· Непреложных истин или законов природы: The sun sets in the west (солнце садится на западе).

	Маркерами Present Simple являются:		usually – обычно always – всегда sometimes – иногда seldom/rarely – редко never – никогда often – часто Это наречия частоты и ставятся они между подлежащим и смысловым глаголом.   every day (month, week, year) – каждый день (месяц, неделя, год) every morning (evening, afternoon, night) – каждое утро (вечер, день ночь) on Mondays (Tuesdays, etc.) – по понедельникам (вторникам и т.д.) Данные маркеры обычно ставятся в конце предложения или реже в начале.
Грамматическое построение предложения в Present Simple строится следующим образом:
	1е лицо	3е лицо
+	I, you, we, they + V+_ _ _	He, she, it + V s +_ _ _		I like to play football. She like s to play football.
-	I, you, we, they + don’t + V+_ _	He, she, it + doesn’t + V +_ _		We don’t like football. He doesn’t like football.
?	Do + I, you, we, they + V+_ _ _?	Does + he, she, it + V +_ _ _?		Do you like coffee? Does he like coffee?
Wh-?	What Where When + do  + I, you, … +V+_ _ Why Which How	What Where When + does + he, … +V+_ _ Why Which How		What do they like to play? What does she like to play?
	Who + Vs _ _ _?			Who play s football in the park?

Тема: Present Continuous.

 

Present Continuous употребляется для выражения:

1. Действий происходящих в момент речи

2. Временных действий, происходящих в настоящий период времени, но не обязательно в момент речи

Маркерами данного времени являются следующие слова:				now (сейчас) at the moment (в данный момент) at present (в настоящем)  these days (в эти дни)
+	_____+am/is/are+Ving		I am writ ing a letter. She is read ing a book. They are do ing their homework.
-	_____+am not/isn’t/aren’t+Ving		I’ m not writ ing a letter. She i sn’t read ing a book. They aren’t do ing their homework.
?	Am/Is/Are+ _____ +Ving		Am I writ ing a letter? Is she read ing a book? Are they do ing their homework?
Wh-?	What Why Where +am/is/are+_____+Ving When What		What am I writ ing? Where is she read ing a book? When are they do ing their homework?

 

Exercise 1. Составьте отрицание, общий и специальный вопросы:

· He is riding a bicycle. – He isn’t riding a bicycle. – Is he riding a bicycle? – What is he riding?

· They are listening to the radio. –

· She is drinking Coke. –

· You are dancing. –

· We are playing basketball. –

· I am running. –

Exercise 2. Составьте предложения, поставив слова в правильном порядке:

1. coming/the train/is? – Is the train coming?

2. why/is/barking/the dog? – ________________

3. talking/phone/not/is/he/the/on – ______________

4. suitcases/they/packing/are/their – ___________________

5. not/watching/she/is/TV – _______________

6. where/your/staying/are/friends? – ________________

 

 

Exercise 3. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в форме Present Simple или Present Continuous.

1. He (to work) in the city centre.
2. I (to write) an essay now.
3. You (to go) to school on Sundays?
4. We (not to dance) every day.
5. They (to play) in the hall now?
6. Where he (to live)? – He (to live) in a village.
7. He (to sleep) now?
8. They (to read) many books.
9. The children (to eat) cakes now.
10. He (to help) his mother every day.
11. You (to play) the piano well?
12. Look! Michael (to dance) now.

Exercise 4. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в форме Present Simple или Present Continuous.

1. Her father (not to watch) TV at the moment. He (to sleep) because he (to be) tired.
2. Where your uncle (to work)? – He (to work) at school.
3. Your friend (to do) his homework now?
4. When you usually (to come) home from school? – I (to come) at four o’clock.
5. My sister (not to play) the piano now. She (to play) the piano in the evening.
6. You (to read) a magazine and (to think) about your holiday at the moment?
7. I (to sit) in the waiting room at the dentist’s now.
8. When you (to listen) to the news on the radio?
9. You (to play) chess now?
10. My father (not to work) at the shop.
11. Look at the sky: the clouds (to move) slowly, the sun (to appear) from behind the clouds, it (to get) warmer.
12. I (not to drink) coffee in the evening. I (to drink) coffee in the morning.
13. What your friend (to do) now? – She (to wash) the dishes.
14. Your grandfather (to work) at this factory?

 

 

Grammar: Past Simple.

 

Простые предложения прошедшего времени образуются с помощью окончания –ed или второй формой неправильных глаголов в утвердительных предложениях, и с помощью вспомогательного глагола did в отрицаниях и вопросах:

 

Маркеры данного времени:			yesterday (вчера)  last week/month/year (в прошлом)  two days/months/weeks/years ago (назад) in 1985 then,when
+	____+V(ed)/V(2)	I/you/we/they… play ed tennis yesterday. I/you/we/they… swam yesterday.
-	____+didn’t+V	I/you/we/they… didn’t play _ tennis yesterday. I/you/we/they… didn’t swim yesterday.
?	Did+____+V	Did I/you/we/they… play_ tennis yesterday. Did I/you/we/they… swim yesterday.
Wh-?	What When Where +did+____+V Why How Which	When did I/you/we/they… play_ tennis? Where did I/you/we/they… swim yesterday?
	Who V(ed)/V(2)	Who play ed tennis yesterday?

 

Мы используем Past Simple для выражения:

1. Действий, произошедших в прошлом в определенное указанное время, т.е нам известно когда (а часто и где) происходит действие: They got married 15 years ago.

2. Повторяющихся в прошлом действий, которые более не происходят. В этом случае могут использоваться наречия частоты always, often, usually, etc.: My father often took me to the playground, when I was little.

3. Действий, следовавших одно за другим в прошлом: First, they had lunch. Then they met some friends.

 

Have в прошедшем времени имеет форму had:

I had a cat last year.

I didn’t have a cat last year.

Did I have a cat last year?

 

В английском языке есть ряд неправильных глаголов, которые не образуют прошедшее время путем прибавления –ed.

 

Упражнения

 

Exercise 1. Put the missing letters in the words:

1. Begin – beg_n – beg_n;

2. Come – c_me – c_me;

3. Drink – dr_nk – dr_nk;

4. Get – g_t – g_t;

5. Hold – h_ld – h_ld;

6. Ring – r_ng – r_ng;

7. Sing- s_ng – s_ng;

8. Swim – sw_m – sw_m.

 

Exercise 2. Divide these verbs into second and third form:

wrote, took, swum, spoke, shaken, known, grew, flown, broken, drew

V2	V3

 

Exercise 3. Add forms of the irregular verbs:

1. _________→ went → _________

2.  run → _________ → _________

3. _________ → _________ → done

4. _________ → stood → _________

5. see →_________ → _________

6.  _________→ _________ → lost

7.  _________ → _________→ come

8. have → _________→ _________

9.  _________ → sat → _________

10. find → _________→ _________

11.  _________→ _________ → said

12.  _________→ read → _________

13. think → _________ → _________

14.  _________→ left →_________

15. tell → _________ → _________

Exercise 4. Вставьте had, did…..have:

1. _____ you ______a lesson last night?

2. Ben _______ toothache yesterday.

3. They ______ not _______ a good time at the dance.

4. My sister ________ a big party last night.

5. She _____ not _____ many sandwiches for lunch.

6. ______ you ______ a dog when you were a child?

 

Exercise 5. Раскройте скобки, поставьте глагол в правильную форму:

1. He ___________ an interesting book last month. (read)

2. I looked for my keys but I _______________ them. (not/find)

3. I wasn’t hungry so I _______________ anything. (not/eat)

4. What _______________ for breakfast? (they/have)

5. How many books _____________? (you/buy)

6. I _______________ my clothes on Sunday afternoon. (wash)

7. Mother _________ the house twice last week. (clean)

8. They ________ on holiday to Spain last month. (not/go)

9. Tina ________ in the school concert yesterday. (not/sing)

10. Paul often ________ with his brother when they were young. (fight)

11. Mother Teresa ________ the poor people of India. (help)

12. Her sister ____________ this beautiful cake on Monday. (bake)

13. ___________ his trip to Wales last weekend? (Sam/enjoy)

14. John _____ and ________ his knee. (fall/hurt)

 

Exercise 6. Put verbs in brackets in Past Simple:

Lesley 1)_______ (buy) her house two months ago. It is a beautiful cottage in the countryside. However, when Lesley 2)______ (decide) to buy it, it 3)_______ (need) a lot of work. First, she 4)________ (decorate) all the rooms. Then, she 5)________ (plant) lots of flowers in the garden. After that, she 6)______ (make) new curtains for all the windows. When it was ready, she 7)________ (move) in. That was last week. Now, Lesley is very happy.

 

 

Grammar: Used to

Наряду с Простым прошедшим временем, в английском языке есть некоторые обороты, которые также передают действия в прошлом. Наиболее употребляемым и известным из них является оборот Used to. Употребляем только в Past Simple.

Основная функция оборота used to - это выражение повторявшихся в прошлом действий или событий, которые были привычными тогда, но не происходят в настоящем. Например:

I used to collect stamps but I don't any more. - Я раньше собирала марки/ имела привычку собирать марки, но больше этого не делаю.

used to в утвердительных, отрицательных и вопросительных ситуациях:

(+)
I/you/he us ed to - Я имел привычку
(-)
I/you/he didn't use to - Я не имел привычку
(?)
Did I/you/he use to..? - Имел ли я привычку..?

Упражнения

Exercise 1. Используйте правильную форму глагола.

When I was a child... I used to go/used to gone on a hike with my mum and dad every weekend. I used not to visit/didn’t use to visit any faraway places. I didn’t used to read/didn’t use to read fantasy. We use to spent/used to spend summer in the country. Children used to wear/used to wore ugly uniforms at school. I used disliked /used to dislike sightseeing. Children use to were/used to be friendlier.

 

Exercise 2. Перепишите предложения, используя used to в нужной форме.

Example: She was a Science teacher. She isn’t now. — She used to be a Science teacher.1.We didn’t have a dishwasher when I was little. 2. Jim played in the team last year. He doesn’t play anymore. 3. I knew few famous people. Now many of them are my friends. 4. My granny enjoyed knitting. Now she prefers outdoor activities. 5. My skin looked pale in spring. Now I’m sun-tanned. 6. My sister doesn’t live with us anymore. She got married and moved to Paris.

Exercise 3. Дополните интервью следующими фразами: use to work, used to laugh, use to like, used to hate, used to be, used to work

Interviewer: Where did you grow up?

Bianka: West London. And it wasn’t such a nice place at that time. There (1) _________lots of factories around that made the place look ugly. It’s changed a lot since then.

Interviewer: Did you go to school there?

Bianka: No, I didn’t. My school was ten kilometres away. I had to ride a bike.

Interviewer: What lessons did you (2) ________________?

Bianka: Believe it or not, I (3) _____________ Music. I always sang too loudly and everybody (4) _______at me. My favorite lessons were Maths and PE.

Interviewer: Did you (5) ________ after school or on holidays?

Bianka: I did. I (6) __________ at one of the music studios in the area. Just making tea and coffee, you know. Then one day one of the studio bosses heard me singing in the kitchen and they decided to give it a try!

 

Упражнения

 

Exercise 1. Выберите правильный вариант:

1. Coffee is/are made from coffee beans.

2. Cola is/are drunk by million people around the world.

3. Macbeth is/was written by Shakespeare.

4. This ring was/were given to me as a gift.

5. Foreign languages is/are taught in every school.

6. Our car was/is washed every week.

 

Exercise 2. Вставьте is/are, was/were:

1. Many films ____ produced in Hollywood.

2. The film Titanic ___ directed by James Cameron.

3. The Special Olympic World Games ____ held every four years.

4. Toyota cars ___ made in Japan.

5. The Harry Potter books ____ written by J.K. Rowling.

6. The music for the Phantom of the Opera ____ composed by Andrew Lloyd Webber.

7. The Parthenon ____ visited by thousands of tourists every year.

8. Breakfast ____ served from 7.00 am to 11.00 am daily.

9. The Coliseum ____ completed by the Romans in 80 AD.

10. Coffee ____ grown in Brazil.

 

Exercise 3. Поставьте предложения в страдательный залог:

1. A famous designer will redecorate the hotel.

2. He gave me a present.

3. The will advertise the product on TV.

4. Jill sent Juan a letter.

5. The waiter will bring us a bill.

6. Alexander Bain invented the fax machine.

 

 

Exercise 4. Составьте вопросы к этим предложениям:

1. Captain Cook discovered Australia. – Who was Australia discovered by?

2. We keep money in a safe. – __________________________________

3. They speak English in New Zealand. – _______________________________

4. Da Vinci painted the Mona Lisa. – _______________________________

5. He invited 30 people to his party. – _________________________________

6. They grow bananas in Africa. – __________________________________

 

Exercise 5. Put the verbs in brackets into Past Simple Passive

Two men ______(see) breaking into a house last night. The police _____(call) and one man _______(catch) immediately. The other escaped but he _____(find) soon after. Both men ______(take) to the police station where they _____(question) separately by a police officer. The two men _______(charge) with burglary.

 

Grammar: Conditionals.

Любое условное предложение состоит из двух частей - условной и основной. Условная часть, как и в русском языке, обычно выражается при помощи наречия если / if.

 

Первый тип условных предложений называется реальным, т.к. выполнение условий в этих предложениях вполне осуществимо.

 

Несмотря на русский перевод, условная часть предложения выражается только при помощи Настоящего времени (обычно Present Simple). А в основной части используется будущее время.

If you finish your homework, we shall go to the cinema. - Если ты закончишь домашнюю работу, мы пойдем в кино. (В русском переводе обе части предложения будут находиться в будущем времени.)

Помимо if, употребляются такие слова и фразы, как: when, as soon as (как только), before, until.

When she reads the letter, she will become nervous.

Также в условных предложениях используется союз unless (если только не/ разве только не), который можно заменить на if + not (отрицание). После союза unless глагол-сказуемое ставится в утвердительной форме, поскольку союз unless уже заключает в себе отрицание.

She will forget about it unless we remind her. = She will forget about it if we don't remind her. (Она забудет про это, если только мы ей не напомним.)

Придаточное предложение, которое обычно начинается со слова if, может стоять как в начале условного предложения (перед главным предложением), так и в конце. Если оно стоит в начале, то после него ставится запятая. Если же оно стоит в конце, то перед ним запятая не ставится.

If you leave now, you'll catch the train. / You'll catch the train if you leave now.

Grammar: Present simple

 

Настоящее простое время образуется с помощью подлежащего (существительного или местоимения в именительном падеже) и смыслового глагола. В утверждениях к смысловому глаголу в 3м лице единственного числа прибавляется окончание – s. В вопросах и отрицаниях с местоимениями I, you, we, they используется вспомогательный глагол do/ don’ t, а с he, she, it – does/ doesn’ t. Если смысловой глагол употребляется с does/doesn’t, окончание – s к нему не прибавляется.

Present Simple используется для выражения:

· Повторяющихся и повседневных действий: She usually plays tennis at the weekend (она обычно играет в теннис по выходным);

· Постоянных состояний: He works in the office (он работает в офисе), She studies at college;

· Непреложных истин или законов природы: The sun sets in the west (солнце садится на западе).

	Маркерами Present Simple являются:		usually – обычно always – всегда sometimes – иногда seldom/rarely – редко never – никогда often – часто Это наречия частоты и ставятся они между подлежащим и смысловым глаголом.   every day (month, week, year) – каждый день (месяц, неделя, год) every morning (evening, afternoon, night) – каждое утро (вечер, день ночь) on Mondays (Tuesdays, etc.) – по понедельникам (вторникам и т.д.) Данные маркеры обычно ставятся в конце предложения или реже в начале.
Грамматическое построение предложения в Present Simple строится следующим образом:
	1е лицо	3е лицо
+	I, you, we, they + V+_ _ _	He, she, it + V s +_ _ _		I like to play football. She like s to play football.
-	I, you, we, they + don’t + V+_ _	He, she, it + doesn’t + V +_ _		We don’t like football. He doesn’t like football.
?	Do + I, you, we, they + V+_ _ _?	Does + he, she, it + V +_ _ _?		Do you like coffee? Does he like coffee?
Wh-?	What Where When + do  + I, you, … +V+_ _ Why Which How	What Where When + does + he, … +V+_ _ Why Which How		What do they like to play? What does she like to play?
	Who + Vs _ _ _?			Who play s football in the park?

Тема: Present Continuous.

 

Present Continuous употребляется для выражения:

1. Действий происходящих в момент речи

2. Временных действий, происходящих в настоящий период времени, но не обязательно в момент речи

Маркерами данного времени являются следующие слова:				now (сейчас) at the moment (в данный момент) at present (в настоящем)  these days (в эти дни)
+	_____+am/is/are+Ving		I am writ ing a letter. She is read ing a book. They are do ing their homework.
-	_____+am not/isn’t/aren’t+Ving		I’ m not writ ing a letter. She i sn’t read ing a book. They aren’t do ing their homework.
?	Am/Is/Are+ _____ +Ving		Am I writ ing a letter? Is she read ing a book? Are they do ing their homework?
Wh-?	What Why Where +am/is/are+_____+Ving When What		What am I writ ing? Where is she read ing a book? When are they do ing their homework?

 

Exercise 1. Составьте отрицание, общий и специальный вопросы:

· He is riding a bicycle. – He isn’t riding a bicycle. – Is he riding a bicycle? – What is he riding?

· They are listening to the radio. –

· She is drinking Coke. –

· You are dancing. –

· We are playing basketball. –

· I am running. –

Exercise 2. Составьте предложения, поставив слова в правильном порядке:

1. coming/the train/is? – Is the train coming?

2. why/is/barking/the dog? – ________________

3. talking/phone/not/is/he/the/on – ______________

4. suitcases/they/packing/are/their – ___________________

5. not/watching/she/is/TV – _______________

6. where/your/staying/are/friends? – ________________

 

 

Exercise 3. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в форме Present Simple или Present Continuous.

1. He (to work) in the city centre.
2. I (to write) an essay now.
3. You (to go) to school on Sundays?
4. We (not to dance) every day.
5. They (to play) in the hall now?
6. Where he (to live)? – He (to live) in a village.
7. He (to sleep) now?
8. They (to read) many books.
9. The children (to eat) cakes now.
10. He (to help) his mother every day.
11. You (to play) the piano well?
12. Look! Michael (to dance) now.

Exercise 4. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в форме Present Simple или Present Continuous.

1. Her father (not to watch) TV at the moment. He (to sleep) because he (to be) tired.
2. Where your uncle (to work)? – He (to work) at school.
3. Your friend (to do) his homework now?
4. When you usually (to come) home from school? – I (to come) at four o’clock.
5. My sister (not to play) the piano now. She (to play) the piano in the evening.
6. You (to read) a magazine and (to think) about your holiday at the moment?
7. I (to sit) in the waiting room at the dentist’s now.
8. When you (to listen) to the news on the radio?
9. You (to play) chess now?
10. My father (not to work) at the shop.
11. Look at the sky: the clouds (to move) slowly, the sun (to appear) from behind the clouds, it (to get) warmer.
12. I (not to drink) coffee in the evening. I (to drink) coffee in the morning.
13. What your friend (to do) now? – She (to wash) the dishes.
14. Your grandfather (to work) at this factory?

 

 

Grammar: Способы выражения будущего времени (Future Simple)

 

Будущее простое время (Future Simple/Future Indefinite) образуется с помощью will и корневой (основной) формы глагола. Вопросы образуются способом перестановки will на первое место, а в отрицаниях к will прибавляется not.

Future Simple употребляется:

· для обозначения будущих действий без указания точного времени: We will travel (путешествовать) around the world (вокруг света) one day;

· для предсказаний будущих событий (predictions): You will be a great (великий) economist (экономист) one day;

· для выражения угроз или предупреждений (threats/warnings): Be quiet (тихо, тихий) or I will send you out (выгнать);

· для выражения обещаний (promises) или решений, принятых в момент речи (on-the-spot decision): I will buy you this ring (кольцо);

· с глаголами hope (надеяться), think (думать), believe (верить), etc., с выражениями I’m sure (я уверен), I’m afraid (я боюсь), etc., а так же с наречиями probably (вероятно), perhaps (возможно), etc.: I hope he will pass his exams (сдать экзамен). Perhaps I will see her tonight.

К маркерам Future Simple относятся:		tomorrow – завтра the day after tomorrow – послезавтра next week/month/day/year – на следующей…., в следующем….. tonight – сегодня вечером soon – скоро in a week/month/year – на неделе, в течение месяца/года
+	____+will+V+_ _ _		They will go to college next year.
-	____+will not (won’t)+V+_ _ _		They won’t go to school next year.
?	Will+____+V+_ _ _		Will they go to college next week?
Wh-?	What When Where Why +will+____+V+_ _ _ Who How Which		Where will they go tomorrow? When will she go there? Who will go to the park?

 

Для будущего времени так же есть форма to be going to. Она употребляется для:

· выражения заранее принятых планов и намерений на близкое будущее (plans/intentions): I ’ m going to (я собираюсь/я буду) play football this afternoon.

· предсказаний, когда уже есть доказательство того, что они сбудутся в близком будущем (evidence): It is going to rain (собирается дождь (на небе тучи и это очевидно)).

 

Exercise 1. Вставьте will/won’t:

1. You are late. You ____ get (добраться до) there in time (вовремя).

2. “The ice-cream (мороженое) is melting (тает)” “I ____ put (положить) it in the freezer (морозильная камера).”

3. “We haven’t got any milk” “I ____ buy some.”

4. I’m afraid I ____ have time to go shopping (ходить за покупками) with you next Saturday.

5. Perhaps Tom ____ go to work tomorrow.

 

Exercise 2. Напишите вопросы и отрицательные ответы на них:

1. Tom will go to Russia next year.

2. She will visit (посещать, навещать) her friends next week.

3. He will buy a new car next month.

4. She will go to the concert soon.

 

Exercise 3. Впишите в нужной форме to be going to и глагол в скобках:

1. I’m going to buy (buy) a new car next month.

2. When ____________ (you/do) your homework?

3. Bob ____________ (play) football on Saturday because he has hurt (ударить, повредить) his leg (нога).

4. I ________ (go) to school today. I feel bad (плохо себя чувствовать).

5. Bill and Mary ______ (visit) their parents (родители) on Sunday.

6. Helen _______ (cook (готовить)) dinner for friends tomorrow.

7. Rick ___________ (come) with us. He’s too busy (очень занят) at work.

 

 

Grammar: Past Simple.

 

Простые предложения прошедшего времени образуются с помощью окончания –ed или второй формой неправильных глаголов в утвердительных предложениях, и с помощью вспомогательного глагола did в отрицаниях и вопросах:

 

Маркеры данного времени:			yesterday (вчера)  last week/month/year (в прошлом)  two days/months/weeks/years ago (назад) in 1985 then,when
+	____+V(ed)/V(2)	I/you/we/they… play ed tennis yesterday. I/you/we/they… swam yesterday.
-	____+didn’t+V	I/you/we/they… didn’t play _ tennis yesterday. I/you/we/they… didn’t swim yesterday.
?	Did+____+V	Did I/you/we/they… play_ tennis yesterday. Did I/you/we/they… swim yesterday.
Wh-?	What When Where +did+____+V Why How Which	When did I/you/we/they… play_ tennis? Where did I/you/we/they… swim yesterday?
	Who V(ed)/V(2)	Who play ed tennis yesterday?

 

Мы используем Past Simple для выражения:

1. Действий, произошедших в прошлом в определенное указанное время, т.е нам известно когда (а часто и где) происходит действие: They got married 15 years ago.

2. Повторяющихся в прошлом действий, которые более не происходят. В этом случае могут использоваться наречия частоты always, often, usually, etc.: My father often took me to the playground, when I was little.

3. Действий, следовавших одно за другим в прошлом: First, they had lunch. Then they met some friends.

 

Have в прошедшем времени имеет форму had:

I had a cat last year.

I didn’t have a cat last year.

Did I have a cat last year?

 

В английском языке есть ряд неправильных глаголов, которые не образуют прошедшее время путем прибавления –ed.

 

Упражнения

 

Exercise 1. Put the missing letters in the words:

1. Begin – beg_n – beg_n;

2. Come – c_me – c_me;

3. Drink – dr_nk – dr_nk;

4. Get – g_t – g_t;

5. Hold – h_ld – h_ld;

6. Ring – r_ng – r_ng;

7. Sing- s_ng – s_ng;

8. Swim – sw_m – sw_m.

 

Exercise 2. Divide these verbs into second and third form:

wrote, took, swum, spoke, shaken, known, grew, flown, broken, drew

V2	V3

 

Exercise 3. Add forms of the irregular verbs:

1. _________→ went → _________

2.  run → _________ → _________

3. _________ → _________ → done

4. _________ → stood → _________

5. see →_________ → _________

6.  _________→ _________ → lost

7.  _________ → _________→ come

8. have → _________→ _________

9.  _________ → sat → _________

10. find → _________→ _________

11.  _________→ _________ → said

12.  _________→ read → _________

13. think → _________ → _________

14.  _________→ left →_________

15. tell → _________ → _________

Exercise 4. Вставьте had, did…..have:

1. _____ you ______a lesson last night?

2. Ben _______ toothache yesterday.

3. They ______ not _______ a good time at the dance.

4. My sister ________ a big party last night.

5. She _____ not _____ many sandwiches for lunch.

6. ______ you ______ a dog when you were a child?

 

Exercise 5. Раскройте скобки, поставьте глагол в правильную форму:

1. He ___________ an interesting book last month. (read)

2. I looked for my keys but I _______________ them. (not/find)

3. I wasn’t hungry so I _______________ anything. (not/eat)

4. What _______________ for breakfast? (they/have)

5. How many books _____________? (you/buy)

6. I _______________ my clothes on Sunday afternoon. (wash)

7. Mother _________ the house twice last week. (clean)

8. They ________ on holiday to Spain last month. (not/go)

9. Tina ________ in the school concert yesterday. (not/sing)

10. Paul often ________ with his brother when they were young. (fight)

11. Mother Teresa ________ the poor people of India. (help)

12. Her sister ____________ this beautiful cake on Monday. (bake)

13. ___________ his trip to Wales last weekend? (Sam/enjoy)

14. John _____ and ________ his knee. (fall/hurt)

 

Exercise 6. Put verbs in brackets in Past Simple:

Lesley 1)_______ (buy) her house two months ago. It is a beautiful cottage in the countryside. However, when Lesley 2)______ (decide) to buy it, it 3)_______ (need) a lot of work. First, she 4)________ (decorate) all the rooms. Then, she 5)________ (plant) lots of flowers in the garden. After that, she 6)______ (make) new curtains for all the windows. When it was ready, she 7)________ (move) in. That was last week. Now, Lesley is very happy.

 

 

Grammar: Used to

Наряду с Простым прошедшим временем, в английском языке есть некоторые обороты, которые также передают действия в прошлом. Наиболее употребляемым и известным из них является оборот Used to. Употребляем только в Past Simple.

Основная функция оборота used to - это выражение повторявшихся в прошлом действий или событий, которые были привычными тогда, но не происходят в настоящем. Например:

I used to collect stamps but I don't any more. - Я раньше собирала марки/ имела привычку собирать марки, но больше этого не делаю.

used to в утвердительных, отрицательных и вопросительных ситуациях:

(+)
I/you/he us ed to - Я имел привычку
(-)
I/you/he didn't use to - Я не имел привычку
(?)
Did I/you/he use to..? - Имел ли я привычку..?

Упражнения

Exercise 1. Используйте правильную форму глагола.

When I was a child... I used to go/used to gone on a hike with my mum and dad every weekend. I used not to visit/didn’t use to visit any faraway places. I didn’t used to read/didn’t use to read fantasy. We use to spent/used to spend summer in the country. Children used to wear/used to wore ugly uniforms at school. I used disliked /used to dislike sightseeing. Children use to were/used to be friendlier.

 

Exercise 2. Перепишите предложения, используя used to в нужной форме.

Example: She was a Science teacher. She isn’t now. — She used to be a Science teacher.1.We didn’t have a dishwasher when I was little. 2. Jim played in the team last year. He doesn’t play anymore. 3. I knew few famous people. Now many of them are my friends. 4. My granny enjoyed knitting. Now she prefers outdoor activities. 5. My skin looked pale in spring. Now I’m sun-tanned. 6. My sister doesn’t live with us anymore. She got married and moved to Paris.

Exercise 3. Дополните интервью следующими фразами: use to work, used to laugh, use to like, used to hate, used to be, used to work

Interviewer: Where did you grow up?

Bianka: West London. And it wasn’t such a nice place at that time. There (1) _________lots of factories around that made the place look ugly. It’s changed a lot since then.

Interviewer: Did you go to school there?

Bianka: No, I didn’t. My school was ten kilometres away. I had to ride a bike.

Interviewer: What lessons did you (2) ________________?

Bianka: Believe it or not, I (3) _____________ Music. I always sang too loudly and everybody (4) _______at me. My favorite lessons were Maths and PE.

Interviewer: Did you (5) ________ after school or on holidays?

Bianka: I did. I (6) __________ at one of the music studios in the area. Just making tea and coffee, you know. Then one day one of the studio bosses heard me singing in the kitchen and they decided to give it a try!