I . Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык. Определите В каждом из них видовременную форму и залог глагола.

1. The industrial process of production in this company is taken under the manager’s control. 2. His accommodation has been booked by his secretary. 3. A lot of patience is needed to solve the problem fairly. 4. A lot of people are hired by this company every year.

II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные значения слов IT, THAT, ONE.

1. It’s doubtful that the construction of a new underground station will be finished on time. 2. Different services in Volgograd are cheaper than ones in Moscow. 3. The government has decided that this Police officer should be given a medal. 4. Everyone knows that violence can provoke only aggressiveness.

III. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные значения глаголов TO BE, TO HAVE, TO DO.

1. I do believe that my son will make a success in his career. 2. On his way to work he got into a slight car accident, but the same day had his car fixed in the service center. 3. When all the duties were distributed I happened to get the worst task and was to deliver some papers to our partners to the other side of the city. 4. The director asks not to disturb him at the moment, he is thinking about the plan.

IV. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение.

1. The medicine the doctor prescribed to me had no effect at all. 2. However he tried for several months the scientist wasn’t able to prove his theory was adequate and correct. 3. He knew he would never be happy in that country and made up his mind he would do best to move to Australia. 4. At last everything we needed on a trip was packed and we were ready to set off.

V. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива.

1. To achieve your aim you have to follow some simple rules, one of which is not to delay things for tomorrow. 2. Our top manager is likely to get a promotion soon. 3. The new computer program seemed to be easy to use. 4. Nature has many secrets to be discovered yet.

VI. Прочитайте и письменно переведите следующий текст. Письменно ответьте на вопросы после текста.

The origin of management

Difficulties arise in tracing the history of management. Some see it (by definition) as a late modern (in the sense of late modernity) conceptualization. On those terms it cannot have a pre-modern history, only harbingers (such as stewards). Others, however, detect management-like-thought back to Sumerian traders and to the builders of the pyramids of ancient Egypt. Slave-owners through the centuries faced the problems of exploiting/motivating a dependent but sometimes unenthusiastic or recalcitrant workforce, but many pre-industrial enterprises, given their small scale, did not feel compelled to face the issues of management systematically. However, innovations such as the spread of Arabic numerals (5th to 15th centuries) and the codification of double-entry book-keeping (1494) provided tools for management assessment, planning and control.

Given the scale of most commercial operations and the lack of mechanized record-keeping and recording before the industrial revolution, it made sense for most owners of enterprises in those times to carry out management functions by and for themselves. But with growing size and complexity of organizations, the split between owners (individuals, industrial dynasties or groups of shareholders) and day-to-day managers (independent specialists in planning and control) gradually became more common.

Questions:

1. What problems did slave-owners face through the centuries? 2. Do any difficulties arise in tracing the history? 3. What innovations provided tools for management assessment, planning and control? 4. Who are day-to-day managers?

1.2.3.5. Вариант № 5