Vocabulary and Grammar exercises

 

Substitute the underlined words with the synonyms from the text.

 

1. Classification of extinguishing media must be adaptable and every danger needs to be considered separately.

 

2. Water is thought to be the most efficient and the least expensive extinguishing agent.

 

3. Water is used by the Fire Service for the most of fires.

 

4. Fire foams can be classified into two main groups: chemical foams and mechanical foams.

 

5. Chemical foams are seldom used and have been substituted by mechanical foams.

 

6. The main advantage of halogenated agents has been the absence of residue.

 

7. Wet chemicals were specifically worked out for class K fires but they haveshown better effectiveness on class A fires in comparison with plain water.

 

8. Wet chemicals are solutions that are bases in nature.

 

9. Dry chemicals have very special characteristics for fire extinguishing.

 

10. The use of dry chemicals is thought to keep free radicals from linking up to continue the reaction.

 

47

A) Match the words with similar meanings.

 

1) to replace                           A) rarely

2) to interrupt                         B) to demonstrate

3) seldom                                   C) to consider

4) lack                                            D) to substitute

5) to show                                 E) alkali

6) to think                                   F) majority

7) the most of                        G) absence

8) special                                   H) to break

9) base                                         I) flexible

10) adaptable                       J) unique

 

B) Match the words with opposite meanings.

 

1) to sustain                               A) often

2) advantage                            B expensive

3) superior                                   C) large

4) cheap                                         D) to break

5) rarely                                           E) inferior

6) to accomplish                   F) disadvantage

7) to break                                    G) to fail

8) unique                                       H) usual

9) small                                            I) to appear

10) to drain out                       j) to continue

 

Match the words to the definitions.

 

1) solution                 A) a very small piece of something

2) acid                            B) a type of foam produced by a chemical reaction

3) alkali                         C) a liquid in which something is dissolved

4) saponification D) a type of foam produced by the mechanical agitation

of a diluted foam compound solution in the presence of

air

5) halogenated    E) volatile liquid compounds of the halogens

agents

6) pump                       F) a chemical, usually a substance that contains oxygen

and has a pH of less than seven

7) mechanical       G) a chemical substance that reacts with acids to form a

foam                                salt and gives a solution with a pH more than seven

when it is dissolved in water

8) chemical foam H) a machine that is used to force liquid, gas, or air into

or out of something

9) nitrogen                I) a chemical element with symbol N and atomic

number 7

10) particle               J) a process that produces soap, usually from fats and

alkaline substance

 

48

Complete the table using a dictionary. Translate the original and derivative words.

 

VERBS

PARTICIPLES I, II

NOUNS

ADJECTIVES

 

ACCOMPLISH

 

DELIVER

 

DISCHARGE

 

INTERRUPT

 

INTRODUCE

 

INSTALL

 

MIX

 

SECURE

SOLUTE

 

SUPRESS