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What are industrial robots and how do they work?

An industrial robot is a robot system used for manufacturing. Industrial robots are automated, programmable and capable of movement on three or more axis. Typical applications of robots include welding, painting, assembly, pick and place for printed circuit boards, packaging and labeling, palletizing, product inspection, and testing; all accomplished with high endurance, speed, and precision. They can assist in material handling.

The most commonly used robot configurations are articulated robots, SCARA robots, delta robots and cartesian coordinate robots (gantry robots or x-y-z robots). In the context of general robotics, most types of robots would fall into the category of robotic arms. Robots exhibit varying degrees of autonomy:

Industrial Robots Programming focuses on designing and building robotic manufacturing cells, and explores the capabilities of today’s industrial equipment as well as the latest computer and software technologies. Special attention is given to the input devices and systems that create efficient human-machine interfaces, and how they help non-technical personnel perform necessary programming, control, and supervision tasks. Drawing upon years of practical experience and using numerous examples and illustrative applications, J. Norberto Pires covers robotics programming as it applies to: The current industrial robotic equipment, including manipulators, control systems, and programming environments. Software interfaces are developed that can be used to work out distributed industrial manufacturing cells and techniques which can be used to build interfaces between robots and computers.

Industrial Robots vary widely in shape, size and capability industrial robots are made up of several basic components: the manipulator, the control and the power supply. The manipulator is the mechanical device which actually performs the useful functions of the robot. It is a hydraulically, pneumatically or electrically driven jointed mechanism capable of up to seven independent, coordinated motions.

Feedback devices on the manipulator's joints or actuators provide information regarding its motions and positions to the robot control. A gripping device or toll, designed for the specific tasks to be done by the robot is mounted on the outermost joint of the manipulator. Its function is directed by the robot's control system.

The control stores the desired motions of the robot and their sequence in its memory; directs the manipulator through this sequence or "program" upon command, and interacts with the machines, conveyors and tools with which the robot works. Controls range in complexity from simple stepping switches to minicomputers.

Hydraulically actuated robots also include an electrically driven pump, control valves, reservoir and heat exchanger in a power supply unit which provides fluid flow and pressure to drive the manipulator. Cooling water is also required by some robots to maintain hydraulic fluid temperature or for control cabinet temperature or for control cabinet temperature regulation. Pneumatically driven robots are usually connected (through a filter - regulator) to the factory compressed air system.

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New words and word combinations:

1) software – программное обеспечение; 2) handling (manipulative job functions) – манипулирование; функции манипулирования; 3) to debug – отлаживать; 4) special-purpose – (узко)специальный; 5) adjustment – корректировка; 6) handling equipment – манипуляционное оборудование; 7) device – прибор; 8) to facilitate – способствовать; 9) hazardous – опасный;            10) teachable – обучаемый; 11) teach pendant – учебная платформа для роботизированной установки; 12) to adjust – регулировать; 13) manually – вручную; 14) embedded – встроенный; 15) in terms of – с точки зрения;     16) is(was)... that – именно; 17) the very (compare with ‘very’) – самый.