Огсэ 04. Иностранный язык в профессиональной деятельности

ОГСЭ 04. ИНОСТРАННЫЙ ЯЗЫК В ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ

для специальности

15.02.01 Монтаж и техническая эксплуатация промышленного оборудования (по отраслям) (заочное отделение)

 

2019

Содержание

1. Введение………………………………………………………………..…..3

2. Тематический план …………………..……………………………………4

3. Unit 1. Conversational topic: My Biography…………………………….…5

4. Unit 2. Conversational topic: My Working day…………………………….8

5. Unit 3. Conversational topic: Our college …………………………………12

6. Unit 4. Conversational topic: The Russian Federation ….…………………14

7. Unit 5. Conversational topic: Chelyabinsk ……………………………..….18

8. Unit 6. Conversational topic: Moscow …………………………………….19

9. Unit 7. Conversational topic: Great Britain ………………………………..22

10. Unit 8. Conversational topic: London …………………………………..….25

11. Unit 9. Conversational topic: Education ………………………………..….29

Введение

       Самостоятельная работа по иностранному языку направлена на развитие способности и готовности к самостоятельному и непрерывному изучению иностранного языка, дальнейшему самообразованию с его помощью и социальной адаптации.

       Настоящие МУ составлены в соответствии с требованиями рабочей программы по дисциплине ОГСЭ 04. иностранный язык в профессиональной деятельности. На изучение английского языка предусмотрено 6 аудиторных часов.

       Целью самостоятельной работы студентов является выработка умений и навыков рациональной работы с текстом, а также формирование умения пользоваться словарями и грамматическими справочниками. Для этого надо знать основные формы обработки учебного материала, грамматические формы, типичные для языка данного типа материалов.

       Чтобы успешно усвоить материал для самостоятельной работы студент должен изучить грамматические правила, выполнить тренировочные лексико-грамматические упражнения, проверить себя, ответив на вопросы для самоконтроля и после этого выполнить тестовые задания. Тетрадь с выполнениями упражнениями и тестами сдается преподавателю для проверки.

       В МУ даны также тексты для внеклассного чтения и показаны приемы работы с текстами. Кроме того, в МУ даны приемы работы со словами, текстами, грамматическим материалом в виде инструкций и памяток, в которых содержатся указания о приемах самостоятельной работы, способах обобщения и систематизации знаний путем составления таблиц, схем, опорных конспектов. Контроль самостоятельной работой студента осуществляется на учебных или дополнительных занятиях в форме словарных диктантов, грамматических и лексических тестов, презентации проектов, устных сообщений по теме.

2. Тематический план

Самостоятельная работа студентов

	Вид работы
Unit 1. Conversational topic: My Biography.	Разбор текста, чтение, Лексико-грамматические упражнения
Unit 2. Conversational topic: My working day	Лексико-грамматические упражнения, чтение
Unit 3. Conversational topic: Our college	Лексико-грамматические упражнения
Unit 4. Conversational topic: The Russian Federation	Лексико-грамматические упражнения
Unit 5. Conversational topic: Chelyabinsk	Разбор текста, чтение, Лексико-грамматические упражнения
Unit 6. Conversational topic: Moscow	Лексико-грамматические упражнения
Unit 7. Conversational topic: Great Britain	Разбор текста, чтение, Лексико-грамматические упражнения
Unit 8. Conversational topic London	Разбор текста, чтение, Лексико-грамматические упражнения
Unit 9. Conversational topic: Education	Разбор текста, чтение, Лексико-грамматические упражнения

 

 

Unit 1

Conversational topic My Biography

Text 1

I am Ann Petrova. I am Russian. I was born on April 10, 1983 in Pskov. My family is large. I have got a mother, a father, two brothers and a grandmother. There are six of us in the family. My mother is a technician; she works at a laboratory. My father is a doctor; he works at a hospital.

My younger brother Boris is ten. He is a pupil of the fifth form. He wants to become a doctor. My elder brother Victor is 28. He is a computer programmer. He is very experienced. Victor is handy with many things.

He knows all about radio sets and likes to repair old ones. He can fix almost everything. He is not married yet. (He is single). My grandmother is a pensioner. She lives with us, helps to run the house and takes care of all of us. She makes our life comfortable and makes the atmosphere in the house very warm and friendly.

After finishing school, I work at a firm as a secretary. It is a well-paid job and I am very efficient, but I don’t really enjoy it. At heart I am lover of children and would prefer to work at school. I know that the role of a teacher in the child development is great. At school I was very interested in literature. Literature was my favorite subject at school. My teacher of Literature was well-educated woman with broad outlook and deep knowledge of the subject. She taught us to understand Russian classics, to appreciate the language and style. She acquainted us with modern authors, helped to understand life better.

Therefore, I decided to enter the Teacher’s Training Institute. I want to get Higher Education. It seems to me I can make a good specialist in future.

I can add to my biography that I am fond of reading historical books and I am fond of sports. I have got the first category in tennis and have many friends among sportsmen.

Vocabulary

experienced - квалифицированный, опытный, со стажем

to be handy with something - быть искусным в чем-либо, уметь делать что-либо

to repair - чинить

to fix - чинить, исправлять

to be single - быть холостым

to run the house - вести хозяйство

to take care of somebody - заботиться о ком-либо

well-paid job - хорошо оплачиваемая работа

to be efficient - быть компетентным

to be interested in something - интересоваться чем-либо

deep knowledge - глубокие знания

to appreciate - ценить

to acquaint - знакомить

to get acquainted with something - познакомиться, ознакомиться с чем-либо

 

I. Ответьте на вопросы:

1. What is your name?

2. Where and when were you born?

3. How old are you?

4. Are you Russian?

5. Have you got a family?

6. How many persons does it consist of?

7. What relations do you have in your family (parents, brothers,

grandparents, etc.)?

8. What are your parents? Where do they work?

9. Who runs the house in your family?

10. Do you work?

11. When did you finish school?

12. How well did you do at school?

13. What was your favourite subject?

14. Do you like to read?

15. Who is your favourite writer?

 

Text 2

IV. Прочитайте текст. Разбейте текст на абзацы. Изложите кратко содержание каждого абзаца:

 

Charles Dickens

Charles Dickens, a great English writer, was born on the 7th of February, 1812, in a small English town. He was a weak child and didn’t like to take part in noisy and active games. The little boy was very clever and learnt to read at an early age. He read a lot of books in his childhood. When he was about six, someone took him to theatre for the first time. He saw a play by Shakespeare and liked it so much that he decided to write a play of his own. When it was ready, he performed it with some of his friends. Everybody enjoyed the performance, and the little writer felt very happy. When Dickens was nine years old, the family moved to London where they lived in an old house in the suburbs. They had a very hard life. There were several younger children in the family besides Charles. The future writer couldn’t even go to school, because at that time his father was in the Marshalsea Debtor’s Prison. There was nobody in London to whom Mr Dickens could go for money, and his wife with all the children except Charles went to join him in the prison. The family lived there until Mr. Dickens could pay his debts. Those were the unhappiest days of all Charles’ life. The boy worked from early morning till late at night to help his family. Charles was only able to start going to school when he was nearly twelve, and his father was out of prison. He very much wanted to study, but he didn’t finish his schooling. After two years of school he began working again. He had to work hard to earn his living, and tried very many trades, but he did not like any of them. His ambition was to study and become a well-educated man. At the age of fifteen he often went to the famous library of British Museum. He spent a lot of time in the library reading-room. He read and studied there and in this way he got an education. Later Dickens described his childhood and youth in some of his famous novels, among them «Little Dorrit» and «David Copperfield».

 

Vocabulary

to take part in smth. - принимать участие в чем-либо

noisy - шумный

a play - пьеса, спектакль

own - собственный

a performance - представление, спектакль

to move - переезжать

to realize one’s ambitions - осуществлять свои мечты

well-educated - образованный, получивший хорошее образование

to describe - описывать

a novel - роман

besides - кроме, помимо

to go to smb. - обратиться к кому-либо

except - кроме, за исключением

a debt - долг (денежный)

to be in debt to smb. - быть должником кому-либо

The Marshalsea Debtor’s Prison - долговая тюрьма Маршалси

nearly - почти

schooling - обучение в школе, образование

to earn - зарабатывать

a trade - ремесло, профессия

ambition - стремление, мечта стать кем-либо, сделать что-либо

 

V. Заполните пропуски предлогами и наречиями, где это необходимо:

1. When Dickens was a boy … … four, his father showed him a beautiful house … the place where they were living … that time. «Why can’t we live … a fine house like that?» the boy asked father. «We’re rather poor, and can’t pay … it, «his father answered. Little Charles often went … that please. He liked to look … the house and play outside it. Many years later he really moved … that house and lived there … a long time.

2. Theodore Dreiser, the great American writer, was born … the 27th August, 1871 … a small town … America.

3. When Jack London was a boy … … ten, he sold newspapers … the streets and … this way helped … his parents.

4. When novels … Jack London are popular … Russian readers.

5. The boy learned to read … the age … five.

 

Unit 2

Text 1

On weekdays I usually get up early. The alarm-clock wakes me up at 7 o’clock. I get up, open the window and do my morning exercises. Then I go to the bathroom where I clean my teeth and wash myself. After that I dress and sit down to breakfast. Usually I make breakfast myself. While having breakfast, I listen to the latest news on the radio.

After breakfast I go to work. I leave the house at 8 and go to the nearest bus stop. Last year I tried to enter the Institute but I failed my entrance examinations. I work in a small business company as a secretary. While studying at school I have studied typewriting, computing and business organization. The company where I work is rather far from our house and I generally go there by bus. It takes me thirty minutes to get to work. On my way there I can read a book or a newspaper.

My working day begins at nine, but I arrive at work at ten minutes to nine.

At one o’clock I have a break for lunch. I usually have lunch in the canteen. Then I come back and work till five o’clock. My working day lasts seven hours. Sometimes during the working day, we have short coffee breaks.

I come home at about six o’clock in the evening. I have dinner together with my parents and then go to the Institute. The lectures begin at seven o’clock. I live not far from the Institute, so I usually walk there. It takes me only ten minutes to get there and I always come to the lectures in time.

The lectures are over at a quarter to ten.

When I come back from the Institute I have supper and then we sit in the living room, drink tea, watch TV and talk.

On the days when I have no classes at the Institute I generally stay at home. I do my homework and write test- papers. Sometimes I go to the library where I work two or three hours. As a rule I have no free time on my week- days.

At about twelve at night I go to bed.

 

Vocabulary

to wake up - просыпаться

to get up - вставать

to wash (oneself) - вставать

to fail - не сдать, провалить (об экзаменах)

entrance examinations - вступительные экзамены

a company - компания

typewriting - машинопись

computing - работа на компьютере

It takes me thirty minutes to get there - мне нужно 30 минут, чтобы доехать (добраться) туда

to have a break - иметь перерыв

to have dinner - обедать

to go to work - идти на работу to come back - возвращаться

week-days - будние дни

 

I.    Ответьте на вопросы:

1.    When do you get up on your working day?

2.    Do you wake up yourself or does an alarm-clock wake you up?

3.    What time does the alarm-clock wake you up?

4.    Do you do your morning exercises every day?

5.    Who makes breakfast for you?

6.    Some people look through newspapers or listen to the latest news on the radio while having breakfast. What about you?

7.    Do you work?

8.    Where do you work?

9.    What time do you leave for work?

10.  How long does it take you to get there?

11.  When does your work begin?

12.  How long does it last?

13.  What time do you come home?

14.  What do you do in the evenings?

15.  How often do you go to the library to get ready for classes?

16.  What time do you usually go to bed?

 

Прочитайте текст без словаря. Передайте его содержание.

My week days

On week days I usually get up at eight o’clock, because I go to the Institute. The first thing I do as soon as I wake up is to go and have a shower. It wakes me up. After that I go into my bedroom to get dressed. In 15 minutes I am ready for breakfast. It may be porridge or «Corn Flakes» with milk, a cup of tea or coffee and a sandwich.

After breakfast I put on my coat, take the bag and go to the Institute. As I live not far from the Institute it takes me only 15 minutes to get there. I don’t want to be late so I come to the Institute a few minutes before the bell. I leave my coat in the cloakroom and go upstairs to look up the timetable. We usually have three lectures every day. After the lectures are over I go home and have dinner there. I usually begin with soup, follow by hot meat or fish, potatoes and vegetables, a sweet. Then I drink a cup of tea. Sometimes when I have to stay at the Institute after classes I go to the canteen and have dinner there.

When I come home I have a short rest. If the weather is very cold I stay at home, but if it is fine and there is no rain I needn’t stay at home and may go out. In the evening I do my homework.

My sister studies English at school. She is fifteen years old, she has English lessons on Tuesdays and Thursdays. Sometimes I help her with her lessons. She gives me her text-book and I explain the meaning of some English words to her. She is good at English and answers me readily. Then I may read an English book or play chess with my father. At twelve I am ready to go to bed.

 

I. Прочтите диалоги и составьте свои на их основе:

1)    - What time do you usually get up?

-      As a rule at 7 o’clock.

-      Why so early?

-      I live out of town. So I have to take the first morning train if I don’t want to be late for my work.

-      When do you get to the office?

-      At 8 if I catch an early train.

2)    - Good morning, Ann! Where are you going to?

-      Morning, Victor! I am going to the plant.

-      Why so early?

-      Don’t you know that the plant where I work is rather far from my house? It takes me about an hour to get there.

-      Oh, I see. And when do you have to get up?

-      I have to get up at six.

-      But it’s good to get up so early. English people say: early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise.

-      Right you are.

 

V. Text 4

Unit 3

Text 1

State budgetary professional educational institution “Pervomaisk training college of building materials industry” was founded in 1959. The college has two buildings: the main and administrative building is located near the dormitory building. It is located in Pervomaysk.

 Depending on their needs, interests, and abilities, students may choose a full-time day program or part-time correspondence education. The teaching program of every faculty consists of special, social and educational subjects.  The training college Course lasts almost 4 years. The academic year includes two terms, each lasting 17 weeks.

The students of the Day-Time department receive free education and are provided with the hostels. All the students may use the library system. Special elective courses are offered to students on levels 1-4.

 All the students must produce at least 1 research paper during their graduate course work.

On graduating the students receive diplomas and different certificates which give them the right to work.

 

Vocabulary

to graduate - 1. зд. давать диплом, выпускать; 2. кончать учебное заведение

research - исследовательская работа

research paper - курсовая работа

 term - семестр

to provide (with) - обеспечивать

Correspondence department - заочное отделение

elective course - курс по выбору; факультативный курс

 

I.    Ответьте на вопросы:

1.    What college do you study at?

2.    When was our college founded?

3.    How many buildings does our college have?

4.    How many terms does the academic year include?

5.    How long does each term last?

6.    How many research papers do students produce during their graduate course work?

 

Text 2

II. 1. Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопросы.

University

I study at the North-Western Extra-Mural Polytechnic University. It is located on the bank of the Neva. The University was established in 1930. It is the oldest and largest extra-mural university in our country.

Any man or woman having a secondary education and working at some enterprise of our industry may enter our University.

I entered it last year. Now I am in my second year. I study at the radio Information and Electronics faculty. The faculty trains radio engineers of all specialties.

A friend of mine is also a student. He is a full-time student in the day time. He doesn’t work. He gets a state grant.

We study in the evening three times a week. Our lectures begin at 6 and end at 9.30. Every evening we have two lectures. The break between the lectures lasts ten minutes. Attendance at our University is voluntary. Yet, as most of our students, I attend all the lectures and classes.

The students who attend the lectures usually pass their examinations more successfully. They get good and excellent marks and seldom fail.

There are many laboratories where all the students make various experiments and carry on research work. Many teachers and professors deliver lectures and hold seminars on different subjects such as: physics, mathematics, chemistry, foreign languages and many others.

For the convenience of the non-St. Petersburg students living and working far from our University there are several branches of it in different cities. There the students also have lectures, classes, consultations and take their examinations.

My favorite subject is physics. The lectures on this subject are delivered by Professor Smirnov. His lectures are always very interesting. I never miss them.

The students are taught one of the following foreign languages: English, French or German. I study English. At our lessons we read, translate and speak English.

The academic year starts on the first of September and ends on the first of July. It is divided into two terms. At the end of each term the students take their tests and examinations.

At the beginning of the term non-St. Petersburg students get all the teaching material and different kinds of test-papers in the subjects by mail.

They do the test-papers in written form and send them to the University for marking.

 

Vocabulary

external student - студент-заочник

full-time student - студент, который не совмещает занятий с работой

I am in my second year - я студент второго курса

three times a week - три раза в неделю

to attend lectures and classes - посещать лекции и практически все занятия

to take an examination - сдавать экзамен

to pass an examination - сдать, выдержать экзамен

to fail in a subject - провалиться по какому-л. предмету

branch - зд. филиал

to take a test - сдавать зачет

teaching material - учебный материал

by mail - по почте

to do a test - paper - выполнять контрольную работу to carry on research work - вести исследовательскую работу

voluntary - необязательный, добровольный voluntary attendance - необязательное посещение to train - обучать, готовить mark - оценка

to miss a lecture - пропускать лекцию to deliver a lecture - читать лекцию

 

Questions:

1.    What University does he study at?

2.    Where is it located?

3.    When was the University established?

4.    Is your friend an external student?

5.    When does your friend study?

6.    When do you have your studies?

 

Unit 4

Text 1

The Russian Federation is the largest country in the world. The vast territory of Russia lies in the eastern part of Europe and the northern part of Asia. Its total area is about 17 million square kilometers. Russia is washed by twelve seas and three oceans. The oceans are: the Arctic, the Atlantic, the Pacific, The seas are: the White sea, the Barents sea, the Okhotsk sea, the Black sea, the Baltic sea and others. In the south Russia borders on China, Mongolia, Korea, Kazakhstan, Georgia and Azerbaijan. In the west it borders on Norway, Finland, the Baltic States, the Ukraine. It has a sea-border with the USA.

The land of Russia varies very much from forests to deserts, from high mountains to deep valleys. The main mountain chains are the Urals, the Caucasus and the Altai. The largest mountain chain, the Urals, separates Europe from Asia. There are two great plains in Russia: the Great Russian Plain and the West Siberian Lowland. There are a lot of great rivers and deep Lakes on its territory. The longest rivers are the Volga in Europe and the Ob, the Yenisei and the Lena in Asia. The Amur in the Far East flows into the Pacific Ocean. Russia is rich in beautiful lakes. Lake Baikal is the deepest in the world and its water is the purest on earth. It is smaller than the Baltic Sea, but there is much more water in it than in the Baltic Sea. Russia has one-sixth of the world’s forests. They are concentrated in the European north of the country, in Siberia and in the Far East.

A country stretching from the subtropical zone to the Arctic Ocean naturally has an extremely varied climate. The duration and nature of winter and summer vary in different regions but the contrast between the seasons is distinct everywhere. When spring arrives in Moscow it is already summer in the South while in the North it is still winter. In the middle of the country the climate is moderate and continental. In the south-west the weather is usually mild and wet. Northern Asia is one of the coldest places on earth.

The current population of Russia is more than 150 million people. The European part of the country is densely peopled, and most population live in cities and towns and their outskirts.

Russia is very rich in oil, coal, iron ore, natural gas, copper, nickel and other mineral resources.

Russia is a parliamentary republic. The Head of the State is the President, the government consists of three branches: legislative, executive and judicial. The President controls each of them. The legislative power is exercised by the Federal Assembly. It consists of two Chambers: the Council of Federation and the State Duma.

Each chamber is headed by the Speaker. A bill may be introduced in any chamber. A bill becomes a law if it is approved by both chambers and signed by the President. The President may veto the bill. He can make international treaties. The President may also appoint ministers; the Federal assembly approves them. The members of the Federal Assembly are elected by the people for four years. The executive power belongs to the Government, or the Cabinet of Ministers. The Government is headed by the Prime Minister. The judicial power belongs to the system of courts. It consists of the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court and other courts.

The national symbol of Russia is a white-blue-and-red banner. The hymn of Russia is «The Patriotic Song» by M. Glinka. A new national emblem is a two-headed eagle. It is the most ancient symbol of Russia. It is originated from the heraldic emblem of the Ruricovitches. All these symbols are official.

Vocabulary

total area - общая площадь

vast - обширный, огромный

to lie - лежать, находиться

to be washed by - омываться

to border on - граничить

desert - пустыня

valley - долина

mountain chain - горная цепь

pure - чистый

to vary - изменяться; разниться, расходится

duration - продолжительность

nature - характер; природа

distinct - отличный (от других)

moderate - умеренный

the current population - население в настоящий момент

to be densely peopled - быть густонаселенным

outskirts - пригороды

parliamentary republic - парламентская республика

Head of State - глава государства

branch - власть (как часть правительства)

legislative - законодательный

executive- исполнительный

judicial - судебный

to be exercised by - осуществляться (кем-либо)

the Federal Assembly - Федеральное собрание

chamber - палата

the Council of Federation - совет Федерации

the State Duma - Государственная дума

to be headed by smb. - возглавляться кем-либо

to introduce a bill - внести законопроект

to become a law - стать законом

to approve - одобрять

to sign - подписывать

to veto - наложить вето

to make an international treaty - заключить международный договор

to appoint - назначать

to elect - избирать

court - суд

the Supreme Court - Верховный суд

banner - знамя

national emblem - национальный герб

to originate (from) - происходить от чего-либо

the heraldic emblem of the Ruricovitches - родовой герб Рюриковичей

 

I. Answer the questions:

1.    Where is the Russian Federation situated?

2.    What is the total area of the country?

3.    What oceans and seas is Russia washed by?

4.    What countries does Russia border on?

5.    What are the main mountain chains and rivers in Russia?

6.    What mountain chain separates Europe from Asia?

7.    Which is the longest river in Europe?

8.    What do you know about Lake Baikal?

9.    Do you know what strait separates Russia from America?

10.  What are the national symbols of Russia?

II. Translate into English:

1.    Россия расположена в восточной части Европы и северной части Азии.

2.    Российская Федерация - одна из крупнейших стран мира.

3.    Если вы проедете страну с севера на юг и с востока на запад, то получите общее представление о ландшафте и климате различных географических зон.

4.    Россия располагает большим количеством месторождений полезных ископаемых.

5.    Форма правления в России - президентская республика.

6.    Президент - глава государства.

7.    Законопроект должен быть одобрен обеими палатами и подписан президентом.

8.    Исполнительную власть представляет кабинет министров, возглавляемый премьер-министром.

9.    Судебная власть осуществляется конституционным судом, Верховным судом и другими судами.

 

Text 2

St. Petersburg

St. Petersburg is the second largest city in Russia and one of the most beautiful cities in the world. It was founded in 1703 by Peter the Great as the “Window to the West”. Thousands of workmen were brought from all parts of Russia to build a new city on the swampy land at the mouth of the Neva River. Peter the Great was in a hurry. The work was fast and hard, and workmen dropped dead by the hundreds. But the work went on. And St. Petersburg became a city of great beauty, with palaces, cathedrals, churches. The city grew rapidly in wealth and beauty. Architects were brought from western Europe to lay out the city in harmonious squares. Buildings were constructed of grey and rose-colored granite.

The Hermitage Palace and the Winter Palace, the homes of the tsars were equal to any in Europe. During the Great Patriotic war the city suffered a great deal. The German armies laid siege to it in 1941, and for 900 days the city was cut off from the rest of the country. The people suffered from malnutrition, lack of water and disease. They ate leather belts, cat meat was considered a delicacy. No food could be brought in the city, and 600 000 people died from starvation.

In this period of incredible trials and tribulations, there was only one little narrow passage for escape and the transport of food to the population and supplies to the factories and troops. This passage, laid across ice-bound Lake Ladoga, was called the Road of Life. Despite all hardships and handicaps, work went on in the bleeding and starving city without a hitch. Women replaced their husbands, fathers and brothers at the machines. Their exploit will indeed never be forgotten.

Teams were set up in the city to pick up and help the feeble in the streets to get to their homes, fetch water, chop wood. In two winter months of 1942 they picked some 12 000 emaciated people, unable to make another step. In that bitterly cold winter the city opened 162 public heating centers with wardrobes, chairs and tables being chopped up and fed to the fire. But not a single tree was felled: the Leningraders love their city, their public gardens. Daily shelling and air raids destroyed parts of the city. Thousands of people were killed. The enemy dropped some 5.000 high explosive and 100.000 incendiary bombs on the city and showered it with 150.000 shells. World War II brought vast destruction and the death of millions of Russian people, but the losses sustained by Leningrad at the hands of the fascist invaders were particularly great. About 200.000 Leningraders volunteered for the Home Guard, including 40.000 women, young and old. Here we had display of heroism, the type of heroism the world had seldom seen. There is the mass grave of about 700.000 people who had fallen during the siege. It is at one and the same time, a monument of honor to heroes who defended to the last their Motherland.

Rebuilding took years. And now St. Petersburg is an important industrial, cultural and educational centre. St. Petersburg is a wonderful city: at every turn there is something to catch your eye. The Winter Palace, the Hermitage, the Russian Museum, St. Isaac’s Cathedral, the Peter-and-Paul Fortress, the Admiralty building attract thousands of tourists from every comer of the world.

Petersburg’s many museums house some of the world’s most famous art collections, The Hermitage, for example, contains the richest collection of pictures in the world. The city is called the Northern Venice because there are 65 rivers and canals there with artistically decorated bridges. The population of the city is over 5 million.

 

Vocabulary

swampy land - болотистая местность

at the mouth of the river - в устье реки

to drop dead - упасть замертво

to lay out - планировать harmonious - гармоничный

equal - равный, не уступающий

to suffer - страдать

to lay siege to - осадить

to be cut off from the rest of the country - быть отрезанным от остальной части страны

malnutrition - недоедание, плохое питание

starvation - голод

incredible trial - невероятное испытание

tribulation - горе, бедствие

to escape - избежать (опасности); вырываться

despite of - несмотря на, вопреки

hardship - лишение нужда

handicap - помеха

to bleed - кровоточить, истекать кровью

hitch - задержка;

without a hitch - гладко, без сучка без задоринки

exploit - подвиг

feeble - слабый, хилый

to pick up - подбирать; поднимать

to fetch - принести; сходить (за чем-либо)

to chop - рубить; to chop up - разрубать

to emaciate - истощать, изнурять

bitter - жестокий (о морозе)

wardrobe - одежда; гардероб

to feed - fed - fed - снабжать топливом; поддерживать

shelling - бомбежка

air raids - воздушный налет

to drop - бросать

explosive - взрывчатый

incendiary - зажигательный

shower - забрасывать; осыпать

shell - снаряд

destruction - разрушение

to sustain - выдержать

invader - захватчик

particularly - особенно

to volunteer - идти добровольцем

to guard - защищать

display - проявление

to defend - защищать

rebuilding - зд. восстановление

artistically - мастерски

 

III. Do the following tasks:

1.    Divide the text into logical parts.

2.    Give a name to each part.

3.    Give the contents of each part.

4.    Give the summary of the whole text.

 

IV. Give your opinion:

1.    Is there any new information for you in this text?

2.    What do you think about a display of heroism of Leningraders during the Great Patriotic War?

3.    What kind of city is St. Petersburg?

4.    Have you ever been to the Hermitage? (the Russian Museum?)

 

 

Unit 5

Text 1

Read and translate.

Chelyabinsk is the administrative center of Chelyabinsk Oblast (region) and seventh among Russian cities with a population of over a million. It is located in the center of Eurasia, on the eastern slope of the Ural Mountains, 1,879 km away from Moscow. The city of Metallurgists Russians has many jokes about Chelyabinsk, which implies that its inhabitants are rather rough. This is not surprising, as many people there work in production since Chelyabinsk is a major industrial center, including metallurgy, machinery manufacturing, and metalworking, instrument manufacturing, and chemical, light, and food industries. However, the primary product of the city is metal (high-quality alloys and stainless steel), including zinc and various heavy machinery and pipes. Today, the city has about 150 large plants. City between Siberia and Europe It is interesting to note that, from the geological point of view, half of Chelyabinsk is located in Siberia, since it stands on sedimentary rocks, while the other half stands on the granite typical for the Urals. The two parts are divided by the Miass River and connected by Leningradsky Bridge, which may be used by residents to travel from Europe to Siberia and back several times a day. Modern City Chelyabinsk was founded in 1736 at the site of the Cossack fortress Chelyaba. Chelyabinsk's coat of arms bears a camel to remind that a trade route to India once passed through the city. Today, ancient buildings remain in the center only, and there are cobbled pedestrian streets. The rest of Chelyabinsk has Soviet-era buildings, though there are also modern business and shopping centers, hotels, and high-rises. Green City In spite of Chelyabinsk primarily being an industrial city, it has many parks and much landscaping. For example, a real forest is located right in the center of the city and forms part of Gagarin Central Recreation Park. One more popular place in the city is Aloе Pole (Scarlet Field) Park with hundreds of red tulips blossoming in spring. City of Culture Residents of Chelyabinsk not only work hard but also enjoy the culture. There are many museums, such as the Geological Museum containing samples of all minerals produced in the Urals. The city has a philharmonic orchestra, a circus, a jazz center, an opera house, and a drama theater. Annually, Chelyabinsk hosts various cultural events, such as the Camerata Chamber Theater Festival and International Organ Festival. In summer, the amateur singer festival gathers performers from all of Russia on the banks of Lake Ilmen in Chelyabinsk Oblast. In autumn, the "Incorrect Cinema" Festival screens art house films. City of Sports The city hosts various sports events, such as the 2012 European Judo Championship, when its guests praised the high level of organization. Also, Chelyabinsk has a tradition of conducting a New Years' sports training session for youth. During this, high school and university students compete in six street sports. City Where a Meteorite Fell In 2013, the world heard the news of the meteorite (more precisely, only fragments of it) falling on Chelyabinsk. The impact was accompanied by a series of explosions that caused broken windows in several houses. This happened on February 15 and attracted much attention to the city. However, what amazed the world most was the reaction of the Chelyabinsk inhabitants – instead of running away in fear, many rushed right toward the meteorite, using their phones to shoot videos of the impact and commenting.

 

Unit 6

Conversational topic Moscow

Text 1

Moscow was founded 9 centuries ago by Prince Jury Dolgoruky. It was first mentioned in the chronicles in 1147, though the settlement had been there for some time before. Moscow was fortified and became a market town in the late 12th century. The original settlement was founded where the Kremlin now stands. Moscow is located in the heart of European Russia. The city is situated on low hills on the banks of the Moskva River.

Now Moscow is the largest metropolitan area in Russia with the population of about 10 million people and one of the largest cities in the world. Its total area is about nine hundred square kilometers.

Moscow is one of the world’s scientific and art centers. It is the seat of the Academy of sciences of Russia, the home of many colleges, thousands of schools, lots of research institutes. There are more than 100 museums and exhibition halls, dozens of theatres, hundreds of cinemas and libraries. Moscow is rich in beautiful palaces, old mansions, cathedrals, churches and monuments.

The largest museums are the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts and the State Tretyakov Gallery. The Pushkin Museum is situated in Volkhonka street. It has a fine collection of European painting and sculptures. The Tretyakov Gallery is famous for its unique collection of Russian art. Its founder, Pavel Tretyakov, began collecting the finest works of Russian artists in 1856. Thirty - six years later he presented the whole collection to the city of Moscow.

The collection of the Historical Museum covers the Russian history from ancient times to the end of the 19th century. This museum is situated on the north side of Red Square.

The heart of Moscow is Red Square. The cathedrals, palaces towers and buildings of the Kremlin are remarkable museums containing unique exhibits associated with Russian history. The Czar Bell and the Czar Cannon are the sights that attract many tourists as well. There are many towers in the Kremlin. The Spassky Tower is the tallest tower and it has become one of the symbols of Moscow.

Red Square is one of the most beautiful squares in the world. In the 17th century the square was called «red» which means «beautiful» in old Slavic. Here ceremonies and national celebrations take place. St. Basil’s Cathedral is on the south side of the square. The Cathedral was built in the 16th century under Ivan the Terrible. The Russian masters Posnik and Barma built this architectural masterpiece.

The monument to Minin and Pozharsky is situated in front of the Cathedral. It is devoted to the victory of 1612 war against the Polish invaders. The monument was sculptured by Ivan Martos in classical style.

Not far in the Alexandrovsky Garden is the tomb of the Unknown Soldier made of marble. It is a holy place in Moscow. A perpetual flame burns on the tombstone which has the following inscription: «Your name is unknown but your heroic deed is immortal».

Teatralnaya Square is the center of Russian theatrical culture, with the famous Bolshoi Theatre, the Maly Theatre, which is the oldest and largest drama theatre in the country and with the Children’s Theatre built in 1921.

The monument to A.N. Ostrovsky is in front of the Maly Theatre, and the monument to Karl Marx is the center of the square opposite to the Bolshoi Theatre.

But the most beautiful is the monument to Pushkin. It is situated in the center of Pushkinskaya Square opposite to «Russia» cinema. There are always many people around, some of them bring flowers to the monument.

Moscow is famous for its monuments. You can find here monuments to outstanding writers, poets, scientists.

Moscow is a city of students. There are over 80 higher educational institutions in it, including several universities. There is a 32-storey building of Moscow University in the South-West of Moscow. The University was named after M. Lomonosov and there is the monument to him in front of it. The University was constructed in 1949-53. Later in the 70-ties several new buildings were added. The city also contains the Russian State Library, with one of the largest and richest archives in the world.

Moscow is the seat of the Russian Parliament (the Duma) and the center of political life of the country.

 

Vocabulary

to mention - упоминать

to be fortified - быть укрепленным

metropolitan area - район, где расположен город

unique - уникальный

masterpiece - шедевр

holy place - святое место

perpetual flame - вечный огонь

to be famous for - славиться чем-либо

to be named after - носить имя

opposite to - напротив

 

I.    Answer the questions

1.    When was Moscow founded?

2.    What is the total area of modern Moscow?

3.    What is the population of Moscow?

4.    How can you characterize the city’s role as a cultural centre?

5.    Is Moscow rich in monuments? What monuments in Moscow do you know?

6.    What is Teatralnaya Square famous for?

7.    What is situated on Red Square?

8.    What do you know about St. Basil’s Cathedral?

9.    What can you see on the territory of the Kremlin?

10.  Where is Moscow University situated?

 

Text 2

The Kremlin.

The Kremlin is now both a piece of living history and an ensemble of masterpieces of Russian architecture. It is surrounded by the high red-brick walls, reinforced by 20 tower, five of which are also gates. The total length of the walls equals 2,25 kilometers.

Like the Tower of London, the Kremlin was used as a fortress and a sovereign’s residence. Now it houses the President’s office and a number of museums including the Armory Chamber and the Diamond Fund.

Among the ancient buildings in the Kremlin are the churches and a tall tower over 80 meters high. It is the Bell Tower of Ivan the Great built in the 15th century. There are twenty-two large bells and over thirty small ones in it. The main and the tallest tower of the Kremlin is the Spasskaya tower. It has become one of the symbols of Moscow. People all over Russia listen to the Kremlin clock on the Spasskaya tower striking midnight and it seems to them that they are listening to the beating of the heart of our capital.

The largest cathedral, the Uspenski (Assumption), was built in the 15th century. The Archangel Cathedral was built in 1505 by the Italian architect. The Tombs of the Moscow tsars are here, among them the graves of Ivan the Terrible, of his son Ivan, and of his second son, Tsar Fyodor. The Blagoveshchensk (Annunciation) Cathedral was built in 1484, by architects from Pskov. It is noted for the unusual oil paintings done in the 15th and 16th centuries by Andrei Rublev and his pupils, the greatest artists of the time.

Granovitaya Palata (Palace), was built in the end of the 15th century by Marco Ruffo and Pietro Solari. In this palace the Moscow tsars held magnificent receptions in honour of foreign ambassadors. The Granovitaya Palace is connected with the enormous Grand Kremlin Palace.

Among other historical monuments of the Kremlin are The Tsar Cannon (16th century) and the Tsar Bell (18th century), both of enormous size and made by Russian masters.

 

Vocabulary:

red-brick - из красного кирпича

reinforced - укрепленный

sovereign - монарх

Armory Chamber - Оружейная Палата

Diamond Fund - Алмазный Фонд

the tombs of tsars - гробницы царей

oil painting - картина маслом

magnificent - пышный

to hold receptions in honour of smb. - проводить приемы в честь кого-либо

ambassador - посол

the Grand Kremlin Palace - Большой Кремлевский дворец

of enormous size - огромного размера

 

I II. Выполните следующие задания:

1.    Прочитайте текст не пользуясь словарем.

2.    Найдите место в тексте, где говорится о Псковских зодчих.

3.    Сравните Кремль и Тауэр.

4.    Расскажите о Башнях Кремля.

5.    Расскажите о всех соборах на территориях Кремля.

6.    Что является символом Москвы?

7.    Скажите, что нового вы узнали из текста о Кремле?

 

 

Unit 7

Text 1

The British Isles

The British Isles consist of two main islands: Great Britain and Ireland. These and over five hundred small islands are known collectively as the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Their total area is about 120.000 square miles, i.e. one thirtieth of the size of Europe. Great Britain proper comprises England, Wales and Scotland. The West coast is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea, its East coast by the North Sea and the South coast by the English Channel.

Once the British Isles were part of the mainland of Europe: the chalk ridge which ends in the cliffs at Dover reappears on the coast of France opposite and the coal that lies beneath the chalk in Kent is also found in France. This suggest that there was originally no break between these same geological formations on either side of the Strait.

The seas round the British Isles are shallow. The North Sea is nowhere more than 600 feet deep. This shallowness is in some ways an advantage, Shallow water is warmer than deep water and helps to keep the shores from extreme cold.

The coast line is deeply indented. This indentation gives a good supply of splendid harbors for ships and owing to the shape of the country there is no point in it that is more than seventy miles from the sea. The western coats are very broken by high rocky cliffs and the eastern are more regular in outline.

There are three distinct regions in Scotland. There is the Highlands, then there is the central plain or Lowlands and finally there are the southern uplands with their gently rounded hills where the sheep wander.

In England and Wales all the high land is in the west and northwest. The south-eastern plain reaches the west coast at the Bristol Channel and by the mouths of the rivers Dee and Mersey.

The Cheviots separates England from Scotland in the North, the Pennines going down England like a backbone and the Cumbrian mountains of the Lake District, one of the loveliest parts of England.

The south eastern part of England is a low-lying land with gentle hills and a coast which is regular in outline, sandy or muddy, with occasional chalk cliffs and inland, a lovely pattern of green and gold-for most of England’s wheat is grown here - and brown plough - land with pleasant farms and cottages in their midst.

The longest rivers, except the Severn and Clyde, flow into the North Sea. The rivers of Britain are no great value as water-ways - the longest, the Thames, is a little over 200 miles - and few of them are navigable.

In the estuaries of the Thames, Mersey, Tyne, Clude, Tay, Forth and Bristol Avon are some of the greatest ports.

The outstanding features of the climate of Britain are its humidity, its mildness, and its variability. These characteristics are due to the fact that the prevailing winds blow from the ocean, they are mild in winter and cool in summer, and are heavily charged with moisture at all times. The wettest parts of Britain are: the Western Highlands of Scotland, the Lake District, and North Wales. The eastern side of Britain is said to be in the rain-shadow. The wettest seasons are autumn and winter but in the district between the Humber and the Thames most rain falls in summer half of the year. Oxford, for example, has 29 percent of its rain in summer and only 22 percent in winter.

Britain has warmer winters than any other district in the same latitude, The Gulf Stream flows from the Gulf of Mexico transfers a great deal of heat from equatorial regions to north - western Europe. For many parts of the British Isles February is the coldest month and usually August the hottest month.

England is a highly developed industrial country. One of the leading industries of Great Britain is the textile industry. The main centers of the textile region are Liverpool and Manchester. Manchester is the chief cotton manufacturing city surrounded by a number of towns. Every town has specialized in producing certain kinds of yarn and fabrics. Plants producing textile machinery not only satisfy the needs of British industry but also export great quantities of machinery to the other countries. Northern and Western England is a coal, metal and textile country. The most ancient centers of English iron and steel industry are Birmingham and Sheffield. Iron smelting based on local ore deposits has been practiced here since ancient times. In the period of England’s industrialization Birmingham and Sheffield played the leading role in the creation of England’s heavy industry. Newcastle is a city famous for its shipbuilding yards and its ex-port of coal.

Although Britain is a densely populated, industrialized country, agriculture is still one of its most important industries. The south of England is rural, with many fertile valleys, well-cultivated fields and pastures.

The south - eastern coast is well -known for its picturesque scenery and mild climate and a number of popular resorts. On the southern coast of England there are many large ports, among them: Southampton, Portsmouth, Plymouth.

 

Vocabulary

to comprise - заключать в себе, охватывать

shallow - мелкий

advantage - преимущество

to intent - вырезать, делать выемку

harbor - гавань

distinct - определенный; отдельный; отличный (от других)

plain - равнина

uplands - гористая часть страны

mouth - устье (реки)

backbone - хребет

the Lake District - Озерный Край (очень красивое место, которое известно благодаря трем поэтам, которые там жили)

estuary - эстуарий, широкое устье реки

humidity - влажность, сырость

variability - изменчивость, непостоянство

moisture - влажность, влага

to charge - насыщать

yarn - пряжа; нить

fabric - ткань, материал

deposits - залежи

to practise - заниматься (чем-либо); практиковать

yards - верфи

fertile - плодородный

resort - курорт

 

I. Answer the questions:

1.    What do we call the group of islands situated to the north-west of Europe?

2.    What are the names of the biggest islands?

3.    Do the United Kingdom and Great Britain mean the same?

4.    What countries are situated on the British Isles? What are their capitals?

5.    What are the names of the waters washing the coasts of the British Isles?

6.    How can you characterize the surface of the British Isles?

7.    What distinct regions are there in Scotland?

8.    Are there a lot of long and deep rivers in Great Britain?

9.    What are the most important rivers in Great Britain?

10.  What are the names of the chief mountain ranges on the island?

11.  What is the climate of Great Britain?

12.  Why is the climate of the British Isles milder than that of the Continent?

13.  The UK is a highly developed industrial country, isn’t it? What does it produce and export?

14.  What industrial cities are there in Great Britain?

 

II. Translate into English

1.    Пролив Ла-Манш отделяет Великобританию от континента.

2.    Пролив не широкий, не более 32 км.

3.    Великобритания - одна из наиболее густонаселенных стран мира.

4.    Население Великобритании в основном городское и составляет 57 миллионов человек.

5.    Британские острова состоят из гористой части и низин.

6.    Реки в Великобритании не очень длинные.

7.    На климат Великобритании оказывает влияние Гольфстрим.