Make up a list of vocabulary for the text. processing hardware

amount

capacity

circuitry

CPU, microprocessor

hard disk

input hardware

keyboard

lap

output hardware

processing hardware

sensitive

sophisticated

storage hardware

temporarily

the purpose

to affect

to connect

to convert

to direct

to execute

to provide

to reach

to retrieve

to roll

volatile

Oral practice

 

Answer the question.

1. What is the Webster's dictionary definition of the hardware?

2. What groups of hardware could be defined?

3. What is input hardware? What are the examples of input hardware?

4. What is mouse designed for? What is a light pen?

5. What is processing hardware? What are the basic types of memory used in a PC?

6. Can a PC-user change the ROM? Who records the information in ROM?

7. What is storage hardware? What is CD-ROM used for? Can a user record his or her data on a CD? What kind of storage hardware can contain more information: CD-ROM, RAM or ROM?

8. What is modem used for? Can PC-user communi­cate with other people without a modem?

 

Which of the listed below statements are true/false. Specify your answer using the text.

1) Computer is an electronic device therefore hardware is a system of electronic devices.

2) The purpose of the input hardware is to collect data and convert it into a form suitable for computer process­ing.

3) Scanner is used to input graphics only.

4) The purpose of processing hardware is to retrieve, interpret and direct the execution of software instruc­tions provided to the computer.

5) CPU reads and interprets software and prints the results on paper.

6) User is unable to change the contents of ROM.

7) 5.25 floppy disks are used more often because they are flexible and have more capacity than 3.5 disks.

 

3. Give definitions to the following us­ing the vocabulary

1) CPU

2) ROM

3) Floppy-disk

4) CD-ROM

5) Printer

6) Modem

7) Motherboard

8) Hard disk

9) Keyboard

10) Sound-card

Which of the following is Hardware?

1) program

2) mouse

3) CPU

4) printer

5) modem

6) command

7) port

8) cursor or the pointer

9) keyboard

10) character

5. Match the following:

1) процессор   2) клавиатура   3) мышь   4) дискета   5) «винчестер»   6) модем   7) экран   8) ПЗУ   9) ОЗУ

a) non-volatile, non-modifiable computer memory, used to hold programmed instructions to the system. b) the part of a television or computer on which a pic­ture is formed or information is displayed. c) rigid disk coated with magnetic material, for storing computer programs and relatively large amounts of data. d) an electronic device that makes possible he trans­mission of data to or from computer via telephone or other communication lines. e) a set of keys, usually arranged in tiers, for operat­ing a typewriter, typesetting machine, computer termi­nal, or the like. f) volatile computer memory, used for creating, load­ing, and running programs and for manipulating and temporarily storing data; main memory. g) central processing unit: the key component of a com­puter system, containing the circuitry necessary to in­terpret and execute program instructions. h) a palm-sized device equipped with one or more but­tons, used to point at and select items on a computer dis­play screen and for controlling the cursor by means of analogous movement on a nearby surface. i) a thin, usually flexible plastic disk coated with mag­netic material, for storing computer data and program.

Questions for group discussion:

1) Without what parts computer is unable to work?

2) What is the most expensive part of the hardware?

3) What other hardware devices do you know? What are they for? Do you know how to use them?

Grammar Review. Pronouns

1. The pronoun is a notional part of speech which points out objects and their qualities without naming them.

2. Classification of pronouns.

Personal pronouns: I, he, she, it, we, you, they

Possessive pronouns: my, his, her, its, our, your, their

Reflaxive pronouns: myself, himself, herself, itself, ourself, yourself, yourselves, themselves

Reciprocal pronouns: each other, one another

Demonstrative pronouns: this – these, that – those, such, (the) same

Interrogative pronouns: who, whose, what, which

Relative pronouns: who, whose, which, that, as

Conjunctive pronouns: who, whose, which, what

Defining pronouns: each, every, everybody, everyone, everything, all, either, both, other, another

Indefinite pronouns: some, any, somebody, anybody, something, anything, someone, anyone

Negative pronouns: no, none, neither, nobody, nothing, no one.

 

Personal pronouns have two case-forms: nominative and objective

NOMINATIVE (who?)	OBJECTIVE (whom?)
I,	Me
he,	Him
she	Her
it,	It
we,	Us
you,	You
they	them

 

Possessive pronouns have 2 forms: the dependent (conjoint) and the independent (absolute).

CONJOINT	ABSOLUTE
my,	Mine
his,	His
her,	Hers
its,	Its
our,	Ours
your,	Yours
their	theirs

The conjoint form is used when the possessive pronoun comes after the noun it modifies. The absolute form is used when the possessive pronoun does not modify any noun.

 

Grammar Practice

1. Replace the italicized nouns by th e personal pronouns in the Nominative or Objective Case.

1. The girls are playing tennis. 2. I saw the girls in the park. 3. Put the books on the shelf. 4. The books are on the shelf. 5. We have seen the film. 6 The film is very interest­ing. 7. My sister went to the post-office. 8. I am waiting for my sister. 9. We listened to the teacher with great interest. 10. The teacher explains a new grammar rule.

2. Insert personal pronouns in the necessary case

1. On my way home I met Peter and told... about the trip. 2. I need this book badly. I can't prepare my report without... 3. I don't know the way to the railway station. Couldn't you show it to...? 4. We are going to spend the summer in the country. Will you join...? 5. Wait for us at the bus stop.... shall be back in no time. 6. If you give me your address,... shall write to... 7. I know this woman.... works at the factory with my mother. 8. If I see Helen, I'll ask... to ring... up tomorrow. 9. I like this radio set very much. Where did you buy...? 10. You are to be here at 7. We'll be waiting for....

3. Paraphrase the following sentences as in the models.

A. Model: This is my coat.- This coat is mine.

1. This is our school. 2. This is my note-book. 3. This is your desk. 4. This is his bicycle. 5. This is her bag. 6. This is their classroom. 7. This is our bus. 8. This is her suggestion.

B. Model: Your room is large. Jane's room is larger.-

Jane's room is larger than yours. 1. My watch is good. Your watch is better. 2. My pen is bad. His pen is worse. 3. Their house is old. Our house is old­er. 4. His camera is dear. Nick's camera is dearer. 5. Her story is interesting. Her friend's story is more interesting. 6. Our teacher is young. Your teacher is younger.

 

 

UNIT 6. 6.1 Reading Practice   TYPES ОF SOFTWARE

 

A computer to complete a job requires more than just the actual equipment or hardware we see and touch. It requires Software — programs for directing the opera­tion of a computer or electronic data.

Software is the final computer system component. These computer programs instruct the hardware how to conduct processing. The computer is merely a general-purpose machine, which requires specific software to per­form a given task. Computers can input, calculate, com­pare, and output data as information. Software deter­mines the order in which these operations are performed.

Programs usually fall in one of two categories: sys­tem software and applications software.

System software controls standard internal compu­ter activities. An operating system, for example, is a col­lection of system programs that aid in the operation of a computer regardless of the application software being used. When a computer is first turned on, one of the sys­tems programs is booted or loaded into the computer memory. This software contains information about memory capacity, the model of the processor, the disk drives to be used, and more. Once the system software is loaded, the applications software can be brought in.

System programs are designed for the specific pieces of hardware. These programs are called drivers and coor­dinate peripheral hardware and computer activities. User needs to install a specific driver in order to activate a pe­ripheral device. For example, if you intend to buy a printer or a scanner you need to worry in advance about the driver program which, though, commonly goes along with your device. By installing the driver you «teach» your main board to «understand» the newly attached part.

Applications software satisfies your specific need. The developers of application software rely mostly on mar­keting research strategies trying to do their best to at­tract more users (buyers) to their software. As the pro­ductivity of the hardware has increased greatly in recent years, the programmers nowadays tend to include as much as possible in one program to make software inter­face look more attractive to the user. These class of pro­grams is the most numerous and perspective from the marketing point of view.

Data communication within and between computers systems is handled by system software. Communications software transfers data from one computer system to another. These programs usually provide users with data security and error checking along with physically transferring data between the two computer's memories. Dur­ing the past five years the developing electronic network communication has stimulated more and more companies to produce various communication software, such as Web-Browsers for Internet.

Vocabulary:

aid — допомога

to attach — з’єднувати

developer — розробник

equipment — обладнання

general-purpose — загального призначення

internal — внутрішній

mainboard — материнська плата

memory capacity — вмістовність пам’яті

peripheral — периферійний

regard — відношення

regardless — не дивлячись на

security — безпека

to secure [si'kjua'] — забезпечувати безпеку

specific — конкретний

to boot — загружати

to check — перевіряти

to complete — завершувати

to conduct — проводити

to develop — розвивати

to direct [dai'rekt]— управляти

to handle — управляти, вирішувати

to install — установлювати, інсталювати

to provide with —забезпечувати чимось

to require [ri'kwaia'] — потребувати

to transfer — переводити, переносити

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     

 

Oral practice                            

Answer the question.

1. What is software?

2. In what two basic groups software (programs) could be divided?

3. What is system software for?

4. What is an operating system — a system software or application software?

5. What is a «driver»?

6. What is application software?

7. What is application software used for?

8. What is the tendency in application software mar­ket in the recent years?

9 What is the application of the communication soft­ware?