Unit 1. The press vocabulary

ВСТУП

Дисципліна "Мова англомовної преси" передбачає формування уявлення про газетний текст як особливий вид дискурсу та розвиток навичок роботи з оригінальними газетними та журнальними матеріалами з метою вдосконалення вмінь щодо рецепції лексичного та граматичного наповнення тексту публіцистичного жанру.

Завдання дисципліни "Мова англомовної преси" – навчити теоретичним та практичним навичкам роботи з англомовним медіатекстом.

У результаті вивчення дисципліни студент повинен знати теоретичні основи функціонування і принципи побудови сучасних англомовних медіатекстів, жанрові особливості медіатексту, основи функціонування новиннєвих повідомлень, редакторських статтей, статтей на політичну, соціально-економічну тематику, а також спортивних коментарів, рецензій, інтерв’ю, рекламних та приватних оголошень, засоби реалізації явища політичної коректності у англомовному медіатексті, особливості побудови та функціонування заголовків англомовного медіатексту, застосування правил пунктуації при написанні друкованого медіатексту та його електронної версії.

У результаті вивчення дисципліни студент повинен уміти працювати з оригінальними газетними та журнальними матеріалами з метою вдосконалення вмінь рецепції лексичного та граматичного наповнення англомовного тексту публіцистичного жанру.

UNIT 2. VISITS

EXERCISE 1. Translate th e following words and learn them by heart.

1) Prime Minister (= Premier); Foreign Ministry; Foreign Minister; Defence Minister; Defence Secretary; United Nations General Assembly; the UN Secretary General; the US Administration;

2) to arrive; to arrive in (a country, a city); to arrive at (a station, an airport); arrival;

3) an invitation; at the invitation; to accept an invitation; to reject an invitation (syn. to turndown); to convey an invitation;

4) a counterpart;

5) to announce (syn. to report);

6) forthcoming;

7) a visit; an (un)official visit; a state visit; a thee-day visit; a friendly visit; a return visit; to arrive on a visit; to be on a visit to a country; to pay (make) a visit;

8) talks (syn. negotiations); talks on the Middle East; multilateral talks; summit (top-level) talks; to hold (syn.to carry out, to have) talks;

9) to accompany; to be accompanied by;

10) a representative; to represent sb;

11) to focus on;

12) relations; to establish diplomatic relations; to break off relations; to improve relations; to develop relations;

13) contacts (syn. ties, links); further contacts; broadening contacts; to broaden contacts;

14) a communique; a joint communique; to issue a communique; the communique says;

15) a wide range;

16) to head a delegation (syn. to lead); the delegation is headed (led) by;

17) a stay;

18) an adviser;

19) to include; including;

20) cooperation; trade cooperation; scientific cooperation; technological cooperation;

21) an ambassador; the Finnish Ambassador to Moscow; an embassy;

22) to aim at (syn. to direct); to be aimed at; an aim (syn. a purpose, a target, a goal);

23) to overcome; to overcome differences (difficulties, obstacles);

24) a treaty; to sign a treaty;

25) current; current news (events); current situation;

26) mutual; mutual understanding; mutual interest;

27) according to;

28) a spokesman;

29) a landmark;

30) to design; to be designed to do sth;

31) to cement;

32) to welcome (syn. to greet); he was welcomed (greeted) by; to give sb a warm welcome; to get a warm welcome;

33) efforts; to make efforts;

34) cordiality;

35) prospects;

36) to provide for (syn. to envisage);

37) bilateral;

38) an issue;

39) a matter; regional and international matters;

40) source; from reliable sources;

41) to rule out;

42) to call on sb for sth (to do sth);

43) resumption;

44) to express; to express confidence (desire, willingnes);

45) to deal with;

46) hotbed of tension;

47) farewell (evening, ceremony);

48) to satisfy; to be satisfied with; satisfaction;

49) assessment; to assess sth/sb;

50) reiterate;

51) to deepen;

52) in the course of the meeting;

53) to exchange; to exchange opinions (views) on; to exchange visits (experience);

54) to touch on/upon;

55) security;

56) to emphasize (sy п. to stress, to underline);

57) to solve (sy п. to resolve, to settle); solution (sy п. settlement);

58) disputable;

59) through negotiations;

60) to forge; to forge a special relationship;

61) to prevent; to prevent sb from doing sth;

62) a bid (syn. an attempt);

63) to suspend;

64) withdrawal; to withdraw;

65) an appeal;

66) attitude to;

67) to give an impetus (syn. to give a boost to sth);

68) to strengthen;

69) to reveal;

70) disarmament; arms (syn. a weap­on); arms control;

71) commitment; to be committed to;

72) comprehensive;

73) to achieve; to achieve security;

74) itinerary;

75) to promote;

76) concern; to raise concern; to be concerned with; all parties concerned;

77) to pursue policy;

78) to influence;

79) to accuse sb of (doing) sth;

80) to sponsor;

81) a counterbalance;

82) to give substance;

83) to reduce; reduction;

84) a frontier (syn. a border);

85) urgent;

86) to tackle;

87) a rival (syn. an adversary); rival; rivalry;

88) rapprochement.

 

EXERCISE 2. Read and translate the texts.

1. Friendly Talks in Moscow.

The Prime Minister of VietNam arrived in Mos­cow yesterday at the invitation of his Russian counterpart.

2. Russian-Chinese Foreign Ministers to Meet.

The Russian Foreign Minister will meet the Chi­nese Foreign Minister in New York later this month, it was announced yesterday in Moscow. The meeting will take place during the forthcoming session of the United Nations General Assembly.

3. President of Senegal Here for Talks.

The President of Senegal arrived in London from Paris on a four-day state visit during which he will meet and have talks with the British Prime Minister and the Foreign Secretary.

 4. Russian Foreign Minister for London.

The Russian Foreign Minister will make an offi­cial visit to Great Britain, it was announced here today. The visit is in return for the recent visit to Moscow of the British Foreign Secretary.

5. US President to Visit France.

The US President will pay an official visit to France next month, it was announced here today. The State Secretary is expected to accompany the President on this visit which is in return for the French President's visit to the US.

 6. India's Premier to Visit Moscow.

India's Prime Minister has accepted an invita­tion to visit Moscow and is to arrive on July 1, on a three-day state visit, the Foreign Ministry an­nounced.

 7. Saudi King Arrives in Britain.

King of Saudi Arabia arrived in Britain yester­day at the start of an official four-day visit. Talks with the British Prime Minister and For­eign Office representatives are expected to focus on the oil market and on Britain's relations with Syria.

8. British-Hungarian Contacts.

Broadening contacts between Britain and Hun­gary were welcomed yesterday in a joint communi­que issued in London at the end of the visit by the Hungarian Foreign Minister. It's the first Hungarian leader to make an offi­cial visit to Britain for 20 years. The British Foreign Secretary has accepted an invitation to pay a return visit to Hungary.

9. Head of State to Visit Russia.

The Vietnamese head of state will pay an official visit to Russia from May 10 to 16, it was an­nounced in Hanoi today. He is expected to discuss with Russian leaders a wide range of problems. The Vietnamese delegation headed by him is to visit some European countries after its stay in Mos­cow.

10. Finnish Foreign Minister to Visit Moscow.

The Finnish and Russian Foreign Ministers will hold a meeting on Saturday in Moscow, it was an­nounced in Helsinki today. The Finnish Foreign Minister will be accompa­nied by three advisers, including the head of For­eign Ministry's political department. Trade,scien­tific and technological cooperation will be among the questions discussed. The Finnish Ambassador to Moscow is expected to be present during the talks.

11. Jordan and Syria Hold More Talks.

Yesterday in Amman the Prime Ministers of Jordan and Syria held a second round of talks aimed at overcoming political differences between their countries. The Premiers who met for more than three hours on Tuesday night are expected to issue a joint communique.

12. A Treaty with Slovakia.

A Russian government delegation led by the Russian Premier arrived in Bratislava yesterday on an official visit to sign a treaty of friendship and mutual assistance. The delegation includes the For­eign Minister, the Defence Minister and some po­litical advisers. The head of the Russian delegation and Slovakian leaders will also discuss topical problems of current international situation and some questions of mutual interest.

13. South Africa's Foreign Minister in Fram.e

South Africa's Foreign Minister arrived in Paris yesterday on a two-day visit. According to a French government spokesman, the French Foreign Minister returned to the capital for a meeting with his South African counterpart after accompanying the French President on part of a tour to South America. The ministers are expected to discuss state-to-state relations. France is one of South Africa's five major trading partners.

14. British Premier to Visit South Africa Next Mont.h

The British Prime Minister is to travel to South Africa next month, the first British Prime Minis­ter to visit the republic since Harold Mcmillan made his landmark "winds of change" speech there 34 years ago. The two-day visit is beginning on September 20. It will be a "broad-based" visit to Cape Town, Pre­toria and Johannesburg designed to cement the new political, economic and cultural ties between Britain and Pretoria.

15. Polish Premier Visits Italy.

A Polish delegation led by the Polish Premier ar­rived in Italy yesterday on a three-day visit which is designed to improve economic relations between the two countries. Welcoming the Polish Prime Minister at Rome's airport the Italian Prime Minister said he saw the visit as part of his government's efforts to over­come differences between their two countries.

16. Canadian Prime Minister in Moscow.

At the invitation of Russia's Government the Canadian Prime Minister was on an official visit to Russia from May 17 to 28. During his stay in Russia the Canadian Prime Minister had official talks with Russian leaders. The talks were held in an atmosphere of under­standing and cordiality. The parties exchanged views on the Russian-Canadian relations, prospects for broader cooperation and other problems of mu­tual interest. The Russian and Canadian premiers signed a protocol which provides for regular high-level consultations on important international problems as well as questions of mutual interest.

17. Britain in Dubai Talks.

The British Defence Secretary held talks yester­day on military cooperation in the United Arab Emirates, the official news agency said. The Defence Secretary who had arrived from Saudi Arabia met with his Arab counterpart for talks on a number of bilateral issues and regional and international matters of mutual interest, the agency said. The British embassy sources said that the meeting also covered military links but they ruled out the signing of any agreement.

 

EXERCISE 3. Answer the questions.

1) At whose invitation did the Vietnamese Prime Minister arrive in Moscow?

2) What important meeting will take place dur­ing the forthcoming session of the United Nations General Assembly?

3) Who will the President of Senegal meet with during his stay in London?

4) What country will the Russian Foreign Minis­ter make an official visit to?

5) What visit will the US President pay next month? Who will accompany him during the visit?

6) When is India's Prime Minister to arrive in Moscow on a state visit? How long will he stay in Moscow?

7) Who arrived in Britain yesterday? What problems will the talks between the King of Saudi Arabia and Foreign Office representatives be fo­cused on?

8) Whose Foreign Minister visited Britain re­cently? What did the joint communique issued at the end of the visit welcome?

9)  When will the Head of Vietnam pay an official visit to Russia? What problems is he expected to discuss with the Russian leaders during the vis­it? What countries is the delegation headed by him to visit after their stay in Moscow?

10) Who will accompany the Finnish Foreign Minister during his visit to Moscow? What ques­tions will the Russian and Finnish Foreign Minis­ters discuss?

11) How long did the talks between the Prime Ministers of Jordan and Syria last? What were the talks aimed at?

12)What important document is expected to be signed by the Russian and Slovakian leaders during the Russian President's official visit to Slovakia? What problems will the head of the Russian delega­tion discuss with the Slovakian leaders?

13) What country did the South African Foreign Minister arrive in for a two-day visit? What questions is he expected to discuss with his French counterpart?

14)What's the aim of the two-day visit the Brit­ish Premier is going to pay to South Africa next month?

15) What was the aim of the Polish delegation's visit to Italy? How did the Italian Prime Minister see the visit?

16)How long did the Canadian Prime Minister stay in Moscow? What problems did he discuss with his Russian counterpart during the talks? What does the protocol signed in the course of the talks provide for?

17)What issues were covered by the British For­eign Secretary and his Arab counterpart during the Dubai talks? Did they sign any document?

 

EXERCISE 4. Translate into Ukrainian.

1. The Bulgarian Prime Minister returned home after three-day talks in Warsaw. The statement af­ter the talks noted complete unanimity of views on all the questions discussed.

2. A British government delegation was on an unofficial friendly visit to Vilnus in August.

3. The Russian foreign policy is aimed at estab­lishing friendly relations with all states.

4. At the closing meeting the presidents signed a treaty of friendship and mutual assistance.

5. At the airport the Foreign Secretary was greeted by the US Secretary of State and mother high-ranking officials.

6. During their stay in London the delegation of the Polish government headed by the Prime Minis­ter will have talks with the British leaders.

7.  The President of Pakistan has accepted an of­ficial invitation to visit France, it was announced today.

8.The Russian Prime Minister is leaving Mos­cow tomorrow on an official visit to Poland at the invitation of his Polish counterpart.

9.A joint communique is expected to be issued at the end of the talks.

10.  The Russian Deputy Foreign Minister ar­rived in Vienna today for the fourth round of talks with the USA. The talks are to start tomorrow.

11.  "Hungary's relations with China are better now than at any time in the last 30 years," said the head of the Hungarian delegation after their offi­cial visit to China.

12.  The Heads of State discussed questions of mutual interest and signed a number of agree­ments.

 

EXERCISE 5. Read and translate the texts.
1. Middle East Talks.

The UN Secretary General has called for a re­sumption of the Geneva talks on the Middle East and expressed confidence that the forthcoming UN General Assembly session would deal with the Mid­dle East problem. He also added that this part of the world is one of the most dangerous hotbeds of tension.

2. British Prime Minister Pleased with Russian Visit.

The British Prime Minister flew back to London last night after his five-day visit to Russia. Before leaving Russia's capital the British premier said in a farewell ceremony in the Kremlin that he was satisfied with the results of the visit and believed the two countries had made a big step towards the development of a dialogue in all fields. The Russian leader agreed with that assessment and reiterated Russia's preparedness to deepen co­operation with Britain.

3. Meeting between the Russian Premier and Finnish President.

A non-official meeting was held in St. Peters­burg on mutual agreement between Russia's Prime Minister and President of the Finnish Republic. In the course of the meeting the sides exchanged opinions on the further development of bilateral relations and noted with satisfaction that such meetings bring positive results. Touching upon the issues of international relations and European se­curity both leaders emphasized the importance of solving all disputable questions through negoti­ations.

4. London Invites the French President.

The British Queen has invited the French Presi­dent to pay an official visit to Britain. With the close relations between London and Paris cemented by cooperation in Bosnia there is talk of forging now a special relationship between them. The French President may also be invited to ad­dress a meeting of the Houses of Parliament. The undeclared aim of Britain's policy towards France is an attempt to prevent a solid Franco-German union.

  5. Syrian - Israeli Talks.

The US Administration will next week bring Is­raeli and Syrian negotiators together in a bid to re­sume peace talks which were suspended six months ago amid disagreement over Israel's withdrawal from Golan Hights. The US Secretary of State announced their re­sumption last Saturday after visits to Damascus and Jerusalem and appeals from Israel's Prime Minister to Syria's President. The negotiators will begin their talks next Wednesday. After three days they will go home for consultations, then return for three more days of talks early in January.

6. Russia's View of the British Premier's Visit to Moscow.

The British Prime Minister's visit to Russia and discussions he held with the Russian leaders in Moscow helped them understand better the view of the British Government and its attitude to pros­pects for the development of Russian-British rela­tions. The visit gave a fresh impetus to these rela­tions. The two sides signed a series of agreements that will broaden and strengthen trust between them. The visit showed that on some issues the two countries have close positions, but the negotiations in Moscow also revealed deep differences on some major problems, such as disarmament and arms control.

It is the British Premier's commitment to old thinking on these very important issues which pre­vented the sides from achieving greater progress in strengthening Russian-British ties. However, the Russian-British summit meeting was very important for bilateral relations and the international situation as a whole.

 7. US Secretary of State to Visit Syria on Mideast Trip.

The US Secretary of State is planning to go to Syria for talks with Syria's President during his first official trip to the Middle East, senior American officials said today. The US is interested in restarting suspended peace negotiations be­tween Syria and Israel because peace with Syria is key to a comprehensive settlement in the Middle East. His trip will also take him to Israel, Egypt and Jordan. The primary goal of the visit is to get the Palestinians and Israelis talking seriously to each other again about peace based on cooperation to achieve security. The State Department has not formally an­nounced the dates or itinerary of the trip which is expected in the second week of September.

8. South Africa's Links with Iran.   

A visit by the South African Foreign Minister to Iran to promote economic cooperation has raised concern in the West over the foreign policy pur­sued by the South African government. The Pretoria government rejected Washington's attempts to influence its relationship with Iran which is accused by the Americans of sponsoring terrorism. Iran's official news agency quoted South Africa's-Foreign Minister as saying that South Africa did not follow the American policy of trying to isolate Iran. "Relations with Iran are good and talks were held in the atmosphere of mu­tual understanding. Both sides welcomed further contacts in the interests of the peoples of our countries".

9. Presidents Meet to Boost Sino-Russian Ties.

China's President arrives in Russia tomorrow for a four-day visit aimed at broadening and deep­ening strategic and political cooperation between the two countries. For the Kremlin, his visit is a welcome counter­balance to domestic concerns about Nato enlarge­ment and worries that Russia is being excluded from the western club of nations. China's President and the President of the Rus­sian Federation are due to sign two historic pacts aimed at giving substance to improving Sino-Russian ties. These are a "strategic cooperative partnership" agreement and a treaty on further reducing troop numbers and extending military cooperation along the two countries frontier. The two presidents will also be concerned to pro­mote trade ties which have not developed as both countries might have wished.

10. Greek - Turkish Talks.

The Greek Prime Minister held urgent meetings with his senior ministers yesterday to discuss a Eu­ropean Union (EU) initiative for starting л dia­logue with Turkey, according to the government officials. They said Athens and Ankara were close to agreeing the establishment of a committee of ex­perts from each side to discuss ways of tackling differences. It is the first time the two rivals have considered talking since January last year when they came close to war over rights of two small uninhabited islands in the Aegean Sea. The sudden rapprochement was the result of a meeting in Malta this week between the Greek For­eign Minister and his Turkish counterpart at which the EU initiative was put forward.

 

EXERCISE 6. Answer the questions.

1.  How did the UN Secretary General assess the situation in the Middle East? What international organization is expected to deal with the situation in the Middle East? What did the UN Secretary General call for?

2.  How was the British Prime Minister welcomed in Russia? How did he assess his visit to Moscow? What statement did Russia's leadership reiterate at the end of the visit?

3.  What issues did the Russian and Finnish lea­ders discuss during the non-official meeting in St. Petersburg? What international problems did they touch upon in the course of the meeting?

4. How have the relations between Great Britain and France been developing lately? What's the un­declared aim of Britain's policy towards France?

5. Why were peace talks between Israel and Sy­ria suspended six months ago? What steps have been taken by the US State Secretary in a bid to help resume them?

6.  How do the Russian leaders assess the British Premier's visit to Russia? What did the negotia­tions in Moscow reveal?

7. Why is the USA interested in restarting sus­pended peace negotiations between Syria and Israel? What is the primary goal of the US State Secretary's official trip to the Middle East?

8. Why has the Visit of the South African For­eign Minister to Iran raised concern in the West? What is South Africa's response to Washington's attempts to influence its relationship with Iran?

9.  What's the visit of Chinese President to Mos­cow aimed at? Why does the Kremlin welcome the visit? What two historic pacts are the Presidents due to sign?

10.  Why did the Greek Prime Minister hold urgent meetings with his senior ministers? What has brought about the sudden rapprochement of the two countries?

 

EXERCISE 7. Translate into Ukrainian using the following pattern.

It was the USA that (which) violated the treaty. — Саме США порушили дого ­ в і р.

It is at such crucial moments of history that (when) a new mentality is needed. — Саме в такі сер йозні моменти і стор ії й потрібне нове мислення.

1.  It was Rome that made the first step towards the establishment of confidence among nations.

2. It is for this reason that the conference is con­sidered necessary and timely.

3. It was after Israel began building a Jewish settlement in east Jerusalem that (when) the peace talks were suspended.

4. The USA realizes that it is peace with Syria that (which) is key to a comprehensive settlement in the Middle East.

5. It is the third world countries that press for a new economic order which would take into account the interests of all nations.

 

EXERCISE 8. Speak about any visit recently paid to our country due to the following points.

- what delegation paid a visit to our country recently;

- when the delegation arrived in the country;

- at whose invitation the delegation visited Ukraine;

- what kind of visit it was;

- who headed the delegation;

- who was the delegation welcomed by;

- who the delegation had talks with;

- what problems were discussed during the talks;

- when the delegation left for home.

 

EXERCISE 9. Translate into Ukrainian using your active vocabulary.

l) The US State Secretary will pay an official visit to Russia which is in return for the visit of the Russian Foreign Minister to the USA.

2) The German delegation headed by the Head of State arrived in Moscow on an official visit in order to sign a treaty of friendship with Russia.

3) A guard of honour was lined up at the Brus­sels airport to meet the British Prime Minister who was coming to Belgium for top-level talks.

4) The resumption of the Geneva Peace Confe­rence ой the Middle East with the participation of all parties concerned, including representatives of the Palestine Liberation Organization will provide for the settlement of the Middle East crisis.

5) Russia and Sweden assess the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe as an event of tremendous importance.

6) The talks between the Russian and Swedish Prime Ministers were held in a businesslike and friendly atmosphere and in a spirit of mutual respect. They discussed a wide range of problems concerning Russian-Swedish relations and their further development as well as the current international situation.

7) The Chinese President expressed satisfaction that Sino-Russian relations were improving despite differences of approach on some issues. "Political contacts are being formed and their level is gradu­ally rising," said the paper. Talks and consulta­tions on various aspects of state-to-state relations are becoming standard practice.

8) The German Chancellor arrived in Moscow yesterday on a six-day official visit and went straight into talks with the Russian President. In the course of the talks they will deal with arms control issues and strengthening bilateral rela­tions.

9) A new round of UN sponsored talks between Afghanistan and Pakistan began in Geneva yester­day. The talks are expected to last three days dur­ing which all the disputable questions will be dis­cussed.

10) Tension over Nato's expansion revealed deep differences in approach to the problems between Russia's Foreign Minister and Nato General Secre­tary.

11) The European Union's special envoy to the Middle East said that Syria expressed willingness to find a formula to renew the Israeli-Syrian peace process which has been frozen since March 1996.

12) The US Vice-President yesterday said his talks in Beijing were aimed at setting the stage for a presidential summit later this year.

13) The three-point plan calls on both sides to avoid unilateral acts, a clear reference to the Israe­lis' plans to expand or build new settlements on the West Bank and Gaza Strip.

14)The Russian Prime Minister is coming to Britain next month for a three-day visit that is ex­pected to cement London's ties with Moscow. Dur­ing the talks the Russian Premier is to focus on the trade relations.

15) The right-wing Israeli Prime Minister and the leader of the Palestinian Authority last night restored confidence in the Middle East peace pro­cess with a firm handshake and commitment to ne­gotiations.

 

EXERCISE 10. Speak about the visits recently paid.

1.	Arrival Country Head Host country        Host Problems Visiting places Departure	September, 3, 2008 Hungary Dr. Colin Tudge Great Britain Prof. A. Crisp, the Federation of Zoological Gardens Zoo conservation problems London Zoo, Zoological Gardens September, 10, 2008
2.	Arrival Country Head Host country         Host Problems Visiting places Departure	September, 4, 2008 Australia Dr. Brinkman, the Australian National University Bulgaria Prof. Bryan Turner, Central Sofia University Right and left-handedness in humans University Campus, Medicine School, places of interest September, 11, 2008
3.	Arrival Country Head Host country        Host Problems Visiting places Departure	September, 5, 2008 France Dr. A. Antal, International Institute for Organizational Changes Great Britain Dr. B. Marx, European Women’s Management Network Women’s rights – European aspect Women’s Centers September, 15, 2003

 

Abbreviation List – General

Abbreviation	Meaning	Translation
appt.	appointment	призначення
asap	as soon as possible	якнайшвидше
ba	burglar alarm	сигналізація
cond.	condition	стан
etc.	et cetera	і т.д.
eves.; evgs	evenings	вечорами
excell., xlnt	excellent	прекрасний
ext	external	зовнішній
f/t	full time	повна (зайнятість)
hr.	hour	година
immac. сond.	immaculate condition	бездоганний стан
int	internal	внутрішній
lge	large	великий
mins	minutes	хвилини
mo.	month	місяць
mod	modern	сучасний
no., #	number	номер
obo	or better offer	або краща пропозиція
ono	or nearest offer	або найближча пропозиція
p/t	part time	часткова зайнятість
per month	p/month	на місяць
r.r.	railroad	залізниця
sq. ft.	square foot	квадратний фут
stn	station	вокзал
wkly	weekly	щотижня

Abbreviation List – Autos

Abbreviation	Meaning	Translation
2wd	2 wheel drive	двоколісний привід
4wd	4 wheel drive; 4x4	повний привід
a wd;fwd	all (full)-wheel drive	повний привід
4dr	4 doors	четверо дверей
2dr	2 doors	двоє дверей
abs	anti-lock brake system	антиблокувальна система гальм
a/c	air conditioning	кондиціонування повітря
аlloy whls	alloy wheels	литі диски
at	automatic transmission	автоматична коробка передача
auto	automatic	автомобіль з автоматичною коробкою передач
carb	carburetor	карбюратор
cass.	cassette	касета
cd	compact disk	компакт-диск
cd chngr	changer	дисковод
chevy	chevrolet	шевроле
conv.	convertible	автомобіль з відкидним дахом
cyl.	cylinder	циліндр
hp	horsepower	кінська сила
lhd	load-haul-dump	навантаження-відкачка-розвантаження
lthr.	leather	шкіра
mi.	miles, mileage	відстань у милях; пробіг автомобіля (у милях) на одиницю витрати пального
low mi	low miles	маленький пробіг
mnrf / snrf	moonroof / sunroof	люк у даху авто
m.p.g.	miles per gallon	миль на галон (пального)
nav	navigation	система навігації
o/d	overdrive	передача, що прискорює
pb	power brakes	підсилювач гальм
pkg	package	зовнішнє оформлення (тюнинг)
pl; pl	power door lock	центральний замок (блокування)
ps, ps	power steering	рульове керування з підсилювачем
ps	power seats	електронне регулювання сидінь
prem. snd	premium sound	якісний звук
prv glass	privacy glass	тоноване скло
pw	power windows	піднімач скла
rpm	revolutions per minute	число обертів за хвилину
spd	speed	швидкість
whls	wheels	колеса

UNIT 6. NEOLOGIZMS

EXERCISE 1. Mind the following information.

1) Winterval: a period of festivities which take place in the middle of winter, including Christmas and other religious or secular festivals – "… time for Australia to fall in line with places such as the UK, where councils have renamed Christmas " Winterval " and replaced references to Christmas on signage with the words "Festive" and "Winter"." (Queensland Sunday Mail, 4^th December 2005). This festive season, you’ll no doubt be sending Winterval cards, decorating your Winterval tree and tucking into Winterval pudding and Winterval cake. If all this sounds a bit odd, consider that the word Christmas is rather biased towards one particular faith. In an effort to embrace all religions, not just Christianity, during the festive season, the term Winterval has been suggested as a politically-correct alternative which potentially encompasses Jewish Hanukkah, Afro-Caribbean Kwanzaa, Hindu Diwali and pagan festivals such as Yule or the Winter Solstice. However, we all know that, in reality, the word Christmas represents a period from early December to New Year’s Eve, during which people party, eat special food, give presents and, just maybe, set foot in a Christian place of worship. With less than ten per cent of the British population going to church, an established multi-cultural society, and secular rather than religious traditions dominating the festive period, some would argue that there is a convincing case for British English to drop Christmas and adopt Winterval. Winterval is a blend of the words Winter and festival, which first hit the headlines in 2002 when it was used by Birmingham City Council in the UK. In an effort to create a more multi-cultural atmosphere in keeping with the city’s mix of ethnic groups, the council introduced the term to describe a three-month period of multi-faith and secular events running from October to January. Not surprisingly, the term was the subject of some controversy, prompting a reaction from the then Bishop of Birmingham, the Rt Rev Mark Santer(similarity to the name of the man in the red hat purely coincidental!).In response, the council stated that they wanted people to celebrate Christmas, claiming that " Christmas is the very heart of Winterval ". Given that fierce arguments still persist between those who want to "include all" and those who want to preserve the Christian roots of the festive season, formal recognition of the word Winterval in published dictionaries still seems some way off.

2) H ouseblinging: decorating the exterior of a house with a large amount of Christmas lights – "Greetings houseblingers and their admirers! The new houseblinging season is now upon us and we know that many of you have already been preparing furiously for this winter’s display…" (houseblinger.com, 29^th November 2005), "Some streets with a lot of houseblings can attract many visitors, causing traffic jams and annoyance to neighbours". (The Observer, 29^th November 2005) As we drive down a quiet residential street in early December, we’re suddenly confronted with a dazzling display. What was yesterday a modest, respectable semi-detached house, has in a matter of hours turned into an explosion of electrical activity, a giant, flashing Christmas shrine, adorned with Santa, snowman and multitudes of reindeers. Whether you love these light extravaganzas or hate them, there’s now a term to describe this seasonal pastime: houseblinging. Houseblinging is becoming increasingly popular on both sides of the Atlantic, so much so that a dedicated website houseblinger.com was launched in December 2004. The site is of course aimed at people who engage in houseblinging and admirers of their work. The site gives guidance to houseblingers, promoting energy-saving measures and use of the displays for fundraising, and enables them to share tips and experiences. Spotters are given the opportunity to submit photos of recently identified houseblings which form a geographically organised gallery. The expression houseblinging made its first appearance in December 2004. Its original use is attributable to Peter Bridge of Aston, Hertfordshire, who, in a letter to The Daily Telegraph on the 9^th December 2004, suggested the word housebling to describe houses extravagantly decorated with Christmas lights. The bling element of the word relates to the term bling-bling, an expression referring to large pieces of expensive jewellery, thought to have originated from the Jamaican slang for the imaginary "sound".

EXERCISE 2. Translate into Ukrainian.

1) earworm (sticky tune): a song or tune that a person hears repeatedly in their head – "They bore into your head. They won’t let go. There’s no known cure. Earworms can attack almost anyone at any time. … Earworms are those songs, jingles and tunes that get stuck into your head …" (Daniel DeNoon, Lycos Health, 27^th February 2003);

2) me time (me-time): a period when someone relaxes by doing something that they enjoy – "There’s alone me time where I could go get a massage or a pedicure, or go for a drive. Then there’s fun and frolic me time when I get together with special people and laugh, eat, drink, talk. Both do wonders for me". (personal e-mail, February 2003);

3) to google (to Google): to use the Internet search engine Google™ to find information about someone or something (Googling noun, Googler noun) – "… soon-to-be parents are Googling potential baby names to ensure their future little angel won’t share his with a serial killer. An entrepreneur seeking venture capital Googled himself to see if his reputation would pass the due diligence process…". (Dennis McCafferty, USA weekend.com, 28^th April 2002);

4) middle youth: the period of a person’s life, especially between their thirties and mid-forties, when they are no longer young but do not want to be considered as old or middle-aged – "There has even been another category added, "middle youth" … for those of us well past our green years but not quite ready for middle age. According to the market research, this social group of thirty-somethings may well go out clubbing on a Saturday night but after a few hours" sleep "they go to a garden centre". They are living the life of the Middle Youth". (Ruth Cherrington, "Youth in Britain Today", British Studies Web Pages, British Council 2003);

5) studentification: the social and environmental changes caused by very large numbers of students living in particular areas of a town or city – "Students have officially been identified as the new scourge of Britain’s towns and cities in a study blaming "studentification" for a string of social evils … They include destroying respectable neighbourhoods by driving out families, triggering rat infestations, causing vandalism and forcing the closure of corner shops in favour of tatty burger bars and cheap off-licences". (The Observer, July 2002);

6) bluejacking: the practice of sending anonymous text messages to another person’s mobile phone by using the Bluetooth™ networking system (bluejacker, to bluejack) – "She said the "priceless" expression on the face of her first victim as he tried to work out what was going on has turned her into a regular bluejacker. … To be bluejacked you must make sure your phone can be discovered by other Bluetooth devices". (BBC News, 4^th November 2003);

7) set-jetter: a person who visits a particular place because it was featured in a book or film that they enjoyed – "Tourist locations are seeing up to a 30 per cent surge in bookings from "set-jetters", who like to visit places depicted in films, it was revealed yesterday …" (The Scotsman, 9^th August 2005);

8) egosurfing: the activity of searching the World Wide Web for occurrences of your own name (to egosurf, egosurfer) – "Egosurfing, the practice of harnessing the Internet’s vast data-collection powers to dig up information about oneself, has proved a popular application on the World Wide Web". (Wired News, 4^th April 2001);

9) cyberslacking (cyberloafing): using a company’s Internet connection during working hours for activities which are not work-related, such as shopping, playing games and sending personal e-mails (cyberslacker, to cyberslack, cyberslacking) – "Cyberslackers are costing Britain’s small businesses almost Ј1.5bn per year … A survey has found that many workers at small businesses are wasting time with e-mail messages and websites that have nothing to do with their jobs". (BBC, 1^st November 2002);

10) phishing: the criminal activity of persuading people to give personal information such as passwords and credit card details by directing them to a fake website which has been made to look exactly the same as the website of a legitimate bank or other organisation (phisher, to phish) – "Phishers send emails which purport to be official notices from banks or retailers saying that an account needs to be updated or informing about a new product on sale…" (The Guardian, 30th April 2004);

11) chocotherapy: a health treatment in which a cocoa-based cream is rubbed all over the body in order to cleanse the skin – "

This is not a scene from a fetish movie. This is a treatment room in Kensington, west London, and we are watching chocotherapy ". (The Telegraph, 4th March 2006).

 

EXERCISE 3. Try to guess the meaning of the following lingua-cultural realias.

Sheeple = sheep + people.

Irritainment = irritation + entertainment (about TV programms).

Chugger= charity + mugger.

Bustitution = bus + substuitution.

Movieoke = movie + karaoke.

Plagiarhythm = to plagiarise + rhythm.

Shopgrifting = grift + shoplifting.

 

EXERCISE 4. Match the words and their definitions.

1. deshopper; 2. wardrobe malfunction; 3. fanfic (fan fiction); 4. supersize; 5. healthspan; 6. infomania; 7. WOW; 8. babymoon; 9. security mom; 10. bouncebackbility

a) a special holiday taken by parents-to-be before their first baby is born;

d) the period of a person’s life during which they are generally healthy and free from serious or chronic illness;

c) the accidental exposure of an intimate part of the body because of a problem with an article of clothing;

d) a condition of reduced concentration caused by continually responding to electronic communications such as e-mail, text-messaging etc;

e) to increase significantly in size, to make something increase significantly in size;

f) new stories featuring characters and settings from a particular series of books or TV programmes, written by fans of the series and not by the original author;

g) a person who buys something with the specific intention of using it and later returning it to the shop for a full refund;

j) things are not going so well for you at the moment;

k) the wife or girlfriend of a professional tennis player competing at the Wimbledon tennis championships;

l) in the USA, a woman with children who is particularly concerned about terrorism and security issues.

EXERCISE 5. Guees the meaning of the following sentences.

1. "He has also gone cage diving off the coast of South Africa to see the Great Whites in action and declares it an "amazing" not life-threatening experience" (Liverpool Daily Post,1^st September 2005).

2. "They say there’s really only one fruitcake in the world and it just gets passed from person to person. Call it recycling or regifting, but passing on gifts we don’t want or need is becoming a more acceptable part of our culture, experts say... Many Americans are devoted regifters. Nearly a third of shoppers have regifted at least one or more times, according to the 2003 American Express Retail Index on holiday shopping. On average, those who regift have done so at least three times. About 60 percent of women regift and 40 percent of men". (The Beacon Journal,21^st December 2003).

3. "It’s called smirting, and it’s almost certainly coming to a smoking zone near you soon … If you think you’ve already smirted because you stand in the office car park three times a day sharing smoke breaks with Eric from accounts, think again. … Smirting brings you into contact with a far greater variety of people than shuffling about on a dancefloor ever could …". (The Sunday Times,26^th February 2006).

4. "I am the fat-fingered fool who, overconfident of her online skills, recently tried to order one litre of goat’s milk but ended up with five …". (The Telegraph,20th December 2005).

5. "They ask how many 9/11s and 7/7s it will take for the West to realise that fighting terrorism is not targeting only Al Qaeda". (Khaleej Times, 26th July 2005).
6. "The British Dental Association has no objections: "If the dental spa "experience" is more likely to make patients feel relaxed and comfortable in the dental environment … we welcome news of these developments". (The Guardian,7^th January 2003).

7. "He may engage in what researcher Sadie Plant, author of the Motorola report, refers to as " stage-phoning ", in which the caller is effectively performing for innocent bystanders … In extreme cases, performance may, in fact, be the entire point

of the call.’ (The Chicago Tribune, 17^th July 2002).
8. "West Australians are being urged to store an emergency contact number in their mobile phones to assist authorities in the event of a disaster or accident … The "In Case of Emergency" (ICE) number would allow police and rescue workers to quickly alert family members if someone had been involved in a serious accident". (Melbourne Herald Sun,29^th July 2005).

9. "a number of companies are turning to a new method to meet call center challenges: getting workers to handle calls from their homes. So-called homeshoring can boost productivity while cutting costs". (CNET News.com,21^st December 2004)

10. "Since we introduced the pocket numbers game into the United Kingdom in November, it has googolplexed into a national craze and international pandemic". (Times Online, 14^th May 2005).

 

EXERCISE 6. Explain the meaning of the following words.

Grief tourist; locationship; many; Cyber Monday; mobisode; radiophobia; Denglish; garbology; hypnosurgary; afterparty.

 

EXERCISE 7.  Follow the information.

Truthiness (noun): the quality of stating facts that you believe or want to be true, rather than stating facts that are known to be true; truthy (adjective) – "A better word could not have been coined to describe the current debate over global warming … The … most bizarre example of truthiness is that we have a number of cheap, nonpolluting and renewable sources of energy we can exploit". (The News-Press, Florida,18^th January 2006); "The Bush Administration has shown that bold-faced lying works like a charm. As long as they speak with " truthy " conviction, they persuade people, despite the overwhelming evidence that they are leading us down the garden path". (The Progressive, 31^st January 2006).

Background: The word truthiness was first brought into the public eye in October 2005 by US comedian Stephen Colbert, who featured the term in his satirical news commentary programme The Colbert Report. Though Colbert exploited the non-intellectual, "made-up" character of truthiness for humorous effect, the word was not his own invention and in fact dates back as far as the 1800s. The Oxford English Dictionary contains an entry for the adjective truthy, which is defined as "characterised by the truth" and includes the derivation truthiness. Truthy and truthiness were originally used as straightforward variants of truthful and truthfulness. Though Colbertcan’t be credited with inventing the word, he is certainly responsible for re-introducing truthiness and truthy into 21^st century English, giving them a new, ironic meaning. On 6^th January 2006, in its 16^th annual vote on new or significant English words, the American Dialect Society declared the word truthiness as overall winner, giving it the esteemed title Word of the Year for 2005. So just why, amongst a range of more obviously topical or popular candidates such as podcast, Sudoku or rendition, did a dark horse like truthiness claim the crown? The answer seems to be that truthiness, which refers to the quality of preferring concepts or facts that you wish to be true, rather than concepts or facts that you know to be true, somehow embodies the zeitgeist of recent years, conveniently placing itself somewhere between the actual truth and the conviction of belief or opinion.

Truthiness is a very useful concept in today’s society because the truth is often inconvenient or simply boring. Truthiness has therefore been quickly associated with political spin and fabrication in general. Soon after the announcement by the American Dialect Society, a controversy surrounding a best-selling book entitled A Million Little Pieces, by author and convicted criminal James Frey, acted as a catalyst in truthiness ’smore widespread recognition and potential survival.It was claimed that the book, dealing with Frey’sdrug addiction and criminal activities, was filled with fabrications and lies. In a widely publicised interview on the The Oprah Winfrey Show, Frey was confronted about how far his memoirs constituted truthiness rather than actual truth.

 

EXERCISE 8.   Translate the sentences due to the meanings of the words mentioned.

1. Asbo (also ASBO – anti-social behaviour order): a civil order aiming to protect the community from a named individual who has allegedly caused major disturbance to others through vandalism, drunkenness, etc. "I am at a loss to understand the concern over the implementation of Asbos … Why is it wrong for someone who persistently and wilfully behaves to the distress of others to be sent to prison …?" (The Guardian, 30^th December 2004).

2. BlackBerry (also blackberry) thumb: an injury to the thumb caused by repeatedly pressing the keypad on a BlackBerry™ handheld device
"… doctors in the UK and USA have warned that repeated use of the thumbs may cause long-term damage, giving rise to "BlackBerry Thumb". As Sean Hughes, professor of orthopaedic surgery at Imperial College London, told BBC news: "People who use them a lot could suffer from osteoarthritis…" (The Herald,14^th February 2005).

3. Nanopublishing: low-cost online publishing which uses techniques based on blogging (writing weblogs) to target a specific audience (nanopublisher, nanopublished). "Nanopublishing will not replace magazine publishing or mass media. It is a new opportunity. It won’t make money for political punditry or for the diaries of college students. But it will work for gadgets and sex and special interests such as disease – imagine a great weblog for diabetics – because it is so cheap to publish". (The Guardian,30^th January 2003).

4. Spim: unwanted messages and advertisements sent via instant messaging systems (spimming, spimmer) "…researchers warn that spim is growing at about three times the rate of spam, as spammers adapt their toolkit to exploit a rapidly rising number of new instant messaging (IM) users". (New Scientist,26^th March 2004).

5. Gay bomb (love bomb): a chemical weapon which makes enemy soldiers sexually attracted to one another. "The Gay Bomb, a Pentagon spokesman confirmed yesterday, was a real proposal - an idea floated by Air Force researchers to render enemy troops ineffective by rendering them homosexual". (Boston Herald, 15^th January 2005).

6. Pre-heritance (preheritance): financial support given by living parents to their children or grandchildren as an alternative to leaving an inheritance to them after they die "Pre-heritance" makes canny parents generous … A combination of high house prices and 40% inheritance tax is prompting the over-55s rather than leaving them an inheritance which could be subject to inheritance tax". (Citywire, 12^th September 2004).
7. Timbledon: name used to refer to the Wimbledon tennis championships when the British player Tim Henman is competing. "If it’s the time of the year for Wimbledon then common sense dictates that it is "Timbledon" time again … If anyone is located anyplace near the SW19 address of the All England Lawn & Croquet Club, a.k.a. Wimbledon …, then their world will revolve around the trials and tribulations of Tim Henman …" (Teniss Reporters.net, 9^th June 2005).

8. M ystery worshipper: someone who anonymously visits a church service in order to gather information about how good the service was and how welcoming people were. "GOD is watching us, so they say, but this weekend roles will reverse as a small band of mystery worshippers will sneak into churches all over London … to find out how good they actually are …".

9. D og-whistle politics: expressing political ideas in such a way that only a specific group of voters properly understand what is being said, especially in order to conceal a controversial message. "Thatcher’s was true dog-whistle politics, a subtle signal rather than the main message". (The Observer, 24^th April 2005).

10. Awareness band (awareness bracelet): a bracelet made of rubber or fabric which has a slogan written on it, sold to raise awareness of particular charitable causes. "Eighth grade students in a California school district’s health class were recently awarded top honors for raising awareness about the importance of hand hygiene with their new W.A.S.H. (Water and Soap Help) program. … They also are distributing silicone awareness bands that have been branded with proper hand washing messages". (US Newswire, 25^th April 2005).

11. WAG (Wag): the wife or girlfriend of a famous professional footballer
"After a shaky but victorious start to the World Cup, the players and manager were limiting their emotions to quiet satisfaction. But the WAGs (wives and girlfriends) didn’t feel the need for such reserve. Perhaps they had convinced themselves the omens were right for their menfolk to become worldbeaters". (Daily Mail,12^th June 2006).

12. Afterparty (after-party, after party): a relaxed social gathering which occurs after a party, concert, or trip to a nightclub. "Going three for eight wasn’t the only thing that Mariah Carey and Kanye West had in common on Grammy night. Both also hosted the most anticipated afterparties. Revelers had to travel to a secret location in Beverly Hills and then board shuttles to get to Mariah’s party …" (MTV News,9^th Febr