Here are some factors people consider when buying a car. Match the factors with the definitions.

price	a) the amount of money you get when you sell your car
resale value	b) how much petrol or diesel the car uses
size	c) when customers always buy their cars from the same manufacturer
interior features	d) the amount of money you pay when you buy a car
fuel consumption	e) the car’s capacity to go fast and accelerate quickly
performance	f) how big the car is
brand loyalty	g) items inside the car

4. Choose the correct word:

a) What (shape / form) is the table?

b) Sun, rain and frost had damaged the (exterior / interior) of the building.

c) His new Porsche has red bodywork with black leather (interior / exterior).

d) Mrs. Priestly is a senior member of the design (group / team).

e) The car has a new ergonomic (design / size).

 

Match English words with their equivalents in Ukrainian.

1. brake pedal	a) робочий цикл
2. handbrake	b) ручне гальмо
3. acceleration pedal	c) важіль перемикання передач
4. sparking plug	d) чотирьохтактний цикл
5. four-stroke cycle	e) система змащування
6. compression stroke	f) педаль гальма
7. petrol system	g) педаль газу
8. exhaust stroke	h) свічка запалювання
9. firing cycle	i) такт стиснення
10. gear lever or gearstick	j) такт випуску
11. clutch pedal	k) педаль зчеплення
12. lubricating (oiling) system	l) паливна система

6. Choose the correct Modal Verb: can, could, to be able to, may, might, to be allowed to, must, have to, to be to, needn’t or should.

a) …… you get a ticket for the fast train? If so, you …… get there in the morning and won’t be late for the meeting.

b) In order to improve the comfort of the driver, the design of the seats …… be changed. We …… use better and more expensive materials.

c) The equipment …… be supplied by a Ukrainian firm in time as the documents say.

d) The engine of my car (not) …… operate well because of bad fuel yesterday.

e) Fortunately, he …… carry out more operations in less time now.

f) Tom passed his driving test two month ago. Now he …… hire a car and go wherever he wants.

g) You …… put too much luggage into your suitcase, otherwise you (not) …… to put it into the boot.

h) Yesterday we …… borrow Oleg’s car as we were in harry and our Evo X broke down and we (not) …… repair it.

i) All the buses were overcrowded, so I …… take a taxi.

j) The road is icy this morning. You …… drive so fast. We’ll come in time. 

Comment on the following proverbs. Find the Ukrainian equivalents to them. Make up a situation based on one of them.

· What is done can’t be undone;

· To eat the fruit you must climb the tree;

· No living man all things can;

· One won’t be able to make an omelet without breaking eggs.

Text 10.

WHERE DOES THE WORD "AUTOMOBILE" COME FROM?

The word automobile is not English. It consists of two words: autos and mobilis. Autos is a Greek word meaning ‘self’, mobilis — a Latin word meaning ‘movable’. The two words taken together mean ‘self-moving’. Thus, an automobile means a ‘self-moving vehicle’. The synonyms of automobile are: auto, car, auto-car, motor car.

The role and importance of an automobile arise from the fact that it can move along roads not provided with rails. In this respect, it substantially differs from a street car (tram) and a railway car (train). In fact, it often replaces street cars, railway cars, and other agencies of transportation and communication. In short, the automobile is a vehicle well adapted for ordinary road conditions.

The automobile has long since ceased to be a matter of luxury or sport and has become a decisive factor in the economic development of many countries. This accounts for the fact that the world at large uses a great number of automobiles. In some countries where automobiles are found in millions they are playing a most important part in the solution of many problems of transport. The development of automobiles is also accountable to a large extent for the progress in road maintenance, improvement and construction.

WHAT’S IN A NAME?

       Have you ever thought about car names? Do they mean anything? For example, you may think “Rover” is just a name, in marketing. A rover is a wanderer – someone who likes to travel around. So, the name suggests mobility, freedom, having fun and going wherever you want. These were important qualities when Rover cars first came on the market.

Marketing departments of car companies spend a lot of time and money thinking up names for cars. The names should be a reflection of the brand, product and target group. The car you drive tells the world about your status, how much money you have and the socio-economic group you belong to. Good car names are catchy and fit the product, such as the “Beetle” or the “Mini”.

The name should also appeal to a global audience. At the very least, the name should not mean anything bad in another language. (This was why Rolls-Royce decided not to use the name “Silver Mist” for one model: ‘mist’ means animal manure in German.) 

American car makers like to give their SUVs names that remind people of the Wild West, full of adventure and danger. Did you know that “Wrangler” is another word for cowboy? Or that “Maverick” means an unbranded cow that has strayed from the herd? People who own SUVs seldom drive them off-road, but they enjoy the feeling of excitement that the name creates.

1. Answer these questions:

a) Have you ever thought about car names?

b) Should the name appeal to a global audience?

c) How important is the name of a car to you?

d) Would you buy a car even if you didn’t like the name?

e) How many car names do you know the meaning of?

f) Imagine that you work in the marketing department of a large car manufacturer and you want to produce a small sports car with women as a target group. How would you call it?