Optional Practical Exercises

 

Ex.1. Read the paragraph and define: the topic sentence, the controlling idea, the pattern of paragraph, development, basic materials of paragraph development, the order of development.

 

Like everyone else in this country, you are an advertising expert. Why not? You have been brought up with advertising. The first words you ever read were probably written on a billboard or the front of a box of cereal. The first sounds you ever heard were probably emanating from a radio or a television set. Before you knew who daddy was, you knew that Wheaties was the breakfast of champions. Before you could tell a Republican from a Democrat, you could tell a Bufferin from a plain aspirin. You know what you like and what you don't like. You know which commercials make you laugh, which ones make you giggle, which ones raise a lump in your throat, and which ones bore you to tears. In short, you react emotionally to each one of them and are able instantly to identify these emotions. Naturally, you're an advertising expert.

 

 

advertising expert – эксперт по рекламе

billboard – рекламный щит

giggle - хихикать

 

                             

A Coca-Cola advert from the 1890s.        A bus with an advertisement for GAP              

Ex.2. Read the paragraph and define: the topic sentence, the controlling idea, the pattern of paragraph, development, basic materials of paragraph development, the order of development, the basis of comparison, specific dominant quality.

 

Harrods and Harvey Nichols are the most exclusive department stores in London. They offer many of the world's most prestigious brands in womenswear, menswear, accessories, beauty, food, home, electronics, jewellery, sporting gear, bridal trousseau, pets and pet accessories, toys, food and drink, health and beauty items, packaged gifts, stationery, housewares, home appliances, furniture, and much more. Both stores have explored other areas of service outside of fashion, including opening restaurants, cafes and special services to their customers. And of course, both enjoy great popularity among shoppers with full wallets and more sophisticated tastes.

 

bridal trousseau – одежда невесты

explore – исследовать

sophisticated – утонченный

 

 

                 Harvey Nichols        

                                           

                                                        Harrods  

 

Ex.3. Write paragraphs of definition which will illustrate the meaning of the following words:

Present, shopping, money, dollars, line, junk food, fruit.

Ex.4. Write a paragraph of comparison which starts from the following words:

It’s no good to eat lots of pastries and junk food.

 

Seminar 4

 

Theoretical materials for revision:

Complex methods of paragraph development:

- contrast;

- analogy.

 

Consolidation exercises

 

ü The purpose of contrast is to show the difference between two persons, things, or ideas. The paragraph of contrast needs a basis of contrast and a specific dominant quality, point, or issue, probably the controlling idea, to give the necessary unity.

 

Ex. 1. Read the paragraph of contrast and define the topic sentence, its controlling idea, the basis for contrast and the specific dominant quality, point, or issue of it. Speak about the basic material and the order of paragraph development.

 

Unlike any other sport, football is played solely for the benefit of the spectator. If you take the spectator away from any other game, the game could still survive on its own. Thus tennis players love tennis, whether or not anyone is watching. Golfers are almost churlish in their dedication to their game. Ping-pong players never look around. Basketball players can dribble and shoot for hours without hearing a single cheer. Even baseball might survive the deprivation, despite the lack of parks. Soft-ball surely would. But if you took away the spectators, if you demolished the grandstands and boarded up the stadium, it is inconceivable to think that any football would be played in the eerie privacy of the field itself. No football team ever plays another team just for the fun of playing football. Army plays navy, Arsenal plays Manchester, Spartak plays Dinamo, only with the prospect of a loud crowd on hand. 

spectator – зритель   

survive – выживать

churlish – упорный

dribble – вести мяч

demolish the grandstands – трибуны

it is inconceivable – невообразимо, невозможно

eerie – жуткий, зловещий