Глава 10. Сирано и Шахерезада

Основные ссылки

 

Обзоры на тему языка: Crystal (1987), Pinker (1994).

Популярные введения в эволюцию языка: Aitchison (1996), Bickerton (1995), Deacon (1998), Pinker (1994).

Современное состояние научных теорий эволюции языка: Hurford et al. (1998).

Другие работы на тему эволюции языка: Lieberman (1991), Maynard Smith & Szathmary (1995).

Эволюция языка под действием полового отбора: Burling (1986); см. также Baum (1996), Crow (1998), Dessalles (1998), Locke (1998).

 

Примечания

 

494 Оставляем позади споры о языке высших обезьян и врожденности языка: Hurford et al. (1998), Pinker (1994).

495 Канзи натренировали использовать визуальные символы: Savage‑Rumbaugh & Lewin (1994).

496 Споры о врожденности языка: Chomsky (1980), Pinker (1994).

496 Цитата Пинкера “язык – это сложный специализированный навык…”: Pinker (1994, p. 18).

498 Необходимость адаптационистского анализа стоимости и выгод языка: Hurford et al. (1998).

499 Ричард Докинз и Джон Кребс об эволюции сигналов: Dawkins & Krebs (1978), Krebs & Dawkins (1984).

500 Современная теория эволюции сигналов: Hauser (1996), Bradbury & Vehrencamp (1998).

501 Принцип гандикапа делает сигналы надежными: Bradbury & Vehrencamp (1998, ch. 20); см. также Grafen (1990), Johnstone (1995), Zahavi & Zahavi (1997).

502 Крис Найт о ненадежности перемещенных отсылок: Knight (1998).

502 Язык использовался для передачи пропозиционной информации: Pinker (1994).

505 Карл Роджерс о недирективной терапии: Rogers (1995).

507 Онтогенез и филогенез: Gould (1977).

508 Алан Тьюринг об “игре в имитацию”: Turing (1950).

509 Эволюция языка за счет социального статуса: Burling (1986), Locke (1998), Dessalles (1998).

510 Цитаты Роббинса Бёрлинга “все, что нужно…” и “чтобы покорить возлюбленного…”: Burling (1986).

510 Джон Локк о “вербальном плюмаже”: Locke (1998, pp. 90–101).

511 Цитата Локка “твой рэп – это твое…”: Locke (1998, p. 91).

516 Низкоголосые самцы лягушек: Ryan (1985, 1990); о высоте голоса см. также Andersson (1994, ch. 14).

516 Кооперативная модель передачи информации: Crystal (1987).

520 Социолингвистика: Talbot (1998), Tannen (1991).

552 Сознание как психический информационный центр, благодаря которому возможно самонаблюдение: Mithen (1996).

526 Дженнифер Фрейд о подстраивании психики к вербальному выражению информации: Freyd (1983).

527 Робин Данбар о языке как социальном груминге: Dunbar (1996).

529 Анализ поведения человека в беседах: Dunbar et al. (1997).

529 Цитата Данбара “можно заметить, что разговоры женщин…”: Dunbar et al. (1997, pp. 242–243).

530 Размер словарного запаса: Aitchison (1994), Miller (1996).

530 Репертуары звуков других видов. Приматы: Hauser (1996), Savage‑Rumbaugh & Lewin (1994); птицы: Catchpole & Slater (1995).

531 Выучивать 10 слов в день: Pinker (1994).

531 Бо́льшая часть словарного запаса используется редко: Crystal (1987).

532 Универсальность степеннóго закона: Constable (1997).

532 Ричардс о бейсик‑инглише: Richards (1943).

533 Цитата Ричардса “с помощью бейсик‑инглиша…”: Richards (1943, p. 20).

533 Цитата Ричардса “услужливыми, надежными маленькими работягами…”: Richards (1943, p. 29).

533 Пиджины и креольские языки: Bickerton (1995), Crystal (1987), Pinker (1994).

534 Песенные репертуары птиц: Catchpole & Slater (1995).

534 Птицы с широким песенным репертуаром производят более здоровое потомство: Hasselquist et al. (1996).

535 Тесты на вербальный интеллект и размер словарного запаса: Jensen (1998).

535 Наследуемость словарного запаса поддерживается за счет наследуемости интеллекта: Plomin et al. (1997).

536 Интеллект коррелирует с симметрией тела: Furlow et al. (1997).

536 Ассортативное спаривание по размеру словарного запаса: Mascie‑Taylor (1988).

539 Межполовые различия языковых способностей: Halpern (1992), Jensen (1998).

540 Межполовые различия использования языка и стиля беседы: Talbot (1998), Tannen (1991); см. также Fisher (1999).

541 Мужчины чаще выступают публично и занимаются сочинительством: Burling (1986), Locke (1998), Miller (1998b), Tannen (1991).

542 “Сирано де Бержерак”: Rostand (1993).

542 Цитата Энтони Бёрджесса “она любит Кристиана…”: Rostand (1993, p. ii).

543 Смерть Сирано: Rostand (1993, pp. 174–175).

544 Поэзия как система гандикапов: Constable (1997).

548 Межполовой конфликт вокруг желаемых уровней вербального общения в отношениях: Tannen (1991).

550 Стратегия Шахерезады: Miller (1993, 1997a, 1998a).

554 Терренс Дикон о множественности способов использования языка: Deacon (1998).

557 Выбор равновесий: Binmore (1994, 1998), Boyd & Richerson (1990), Samuelson (1997), Skyrms (1996).

557 Язык как результат выбора равновесий: Skyrms (1996).

558 У большинства видов сексуальные сигналы несут только информацию о приспособленности: Andersson (1994), Bradbury & Vehrencamp (1998).

 

Глава 11. Предлагаю руку и… острый ум

Основные ссылки

 

Основы креативности: Boden (1991, 1994); см. также Ghiselin (1952), Hofstadter (1995), Koestler (1964), Simonton (1993), Smith et al. (1995), Sternberg (1999), Vernon (1970).

Эволюция креативности: Corballis (1991), Mithen (1998).

 

Примечания

 

562 Генетический детерминизм и эволюционная психология: Wright (1994).

563 Эволюция поведения, генетический детерминизм и оптимальность: Krebs & Davies (1997).

564 Джон фон Нейман, биографический материал: Poundstone (1992).

564 Теория игр: Von Neumann & Morgenstern (1944); см. также Kreps (1990), Skyrms (1996).

565 Цитата фон Неймана “играя в орлянку…”: Von Neumann & Morgenstern (1944, p. 144).

565 О смешанных стратегиях см. также Maynard Smith (1982), Bergstrom & Godfrey‑Smith (1998).

566 Смешанные стратегии в поведении человека: Driver & Humphries (1988).

567 Соотношение полов как стратегическое следствие рандомизации: Fisher (1930).

567 Необычное соотношение полов у паразитов: Hamilton (1996, ch. 4).

567 Майкл Чанс о конвульсиях: Chance (1957).

568 Кеннет Рёдер о тактике спасения мотыльков: Roeder & Treat (1961).

568 Протеическое поведение: Chance & Russell (1959), Driver & Humphries (1988); наши симуляции эволюции протеического поведения: Miller & Cliff (1994); наши эксперименты по изучению человеческой способности к преследованию и бегству: Blythe et al. (1996, 1999).

570 Игровое поведение животных: Bekoff & Byers (1998).

571 Хаотичность vs наука: Bergstrom & Godfrey‑Smith (1998), Gigerenzer & Murray (1987), E. E. Miller (1997), G. F. Miller (1997a); беспокойство о том, что креативность ставит существование науки о поведении человека под сомнение: Skinner (1988).

573 Человеческие способности к рандомизации: Wagenaar (1972), Neuringer (1986), Neuringer & Voss (1993).

573 Рандомизация в соревновательных играх: Rapoport & Budescu (1992), Rapoport et al. (1997).

574 Аутичным детям в орлянке трудно делать ходы хаотичными: Baron‑Cohen (1992); способность к рандомизации также страдает при повреждении лобных долей в результате черепно‑мозговых травм (Spatt & Goldenberg, 1993) и алкоголизма (Pollux et al., 1995).

575 Макиавеллиевский интеллект: Byrne & Whiten (1988), Whiten & Byrne (1997); протеизм vs макиавеллизм: Miller (1997a).

576 Джон Кребс и Ричард Докинз о чтении мыслей: Krebs & Dawkins (1984).

576 Стратегия бешеной собаки: Miller (1997a); деспоты: Betzig (1986).

579 Дональд Кэмпбелл о генерации вариантов и их селекции: Campbell (1960, 1988).

582 Эшли Монтегю о неотении: Montagu (1989).

582 Игровое поведение и игривость животных: Bekoff & Byers (1998).

584 Дин Кейт Саймонтон о креативности и продуктивной энергии: Simonton (1988, 1993).

585 Креативность и интеллект: Sternberg (1999), Vernon (1970).

585 Наследуемость креативности: Plomin et al. (1997).

585 Общий интеллект: Brody (1992), Jensen (1998).

586 Исследование интеллекта и симметрии тела в Нью‑Мексико: Furlow et al. (1997).

586 Связь интеллекта с общей приспособленностью: Houle (on press).

588 Цитата Дарвина “по‑видимому, даже просто новизна…”: Darwin (1871, Vol. 2, p. 230).

588 Самки птиц предпочитают обширные песенные репертуары: Catchpole & Slater (1995).

588 Цитата Мередит Смолл “единственный стойкий интерес, который разделяют…”: Small (1993, p. 153).

588 Неофилия и поиск ощущений: Zuckerman (1994).

591 Цитата Брустера Гайзлина “даже обладателю самого энергичного…”: Ghiselin (1952, p. 29).

591 Исследования креативности сосредоточены на теме решения задач: Smith et al. (1995), Sternberg (1999).

591 Вольфганг Кёлер о решении задач у шимпанзе: Köhler (1925).

592 Герберт Саймон о решении задач: Simon (1957).

593 Предпочтение партнеров с хорошим чувством юмора: Buss (1989, 1994).

594 Цитата Артура Кёстлера “какую пользу для выживания…”: Koestler (1964, p. 31).

595 Цитата Уильяма Джеймса “вместо мыслей…”: цит. по Simonton (1993).

595 Чарльз Сандерс Пирс: Hausman (1997), Kuklick (1979).

598 Лики любви: Paglia (1990).

598 Тактический обман у шимпанзе: Whiten & Byrne (1997).

599 Эволюционная эпистемология: Campbell (1960, 1988), Dennett (1995), Plotkin (1998), Popper (1972), Shepard (1997), Ziman (1978).

600 Разум благодаря естественному отбору хорошо приспособлен к физическим аспектам мира: Shepard (1987, 1997).

601 Об эволюции религиозных верований в духе Кандида: Boyer (1994), Hinde (1999).

602 Человеческие убеждения как брачная демонстрация: Miller (1996).

603 Эпистемология и мемы: Dawkins (1993); см. также Blackmore (1999), Dennett (1995), Sperber (1994).

604 О том, как плохо человеческий разум приспособлен к науке: Wolpert (1992).

605 Проблемы перевода человеческой сексуальности в социальное русло: Freud (1930), Marcuse (1956), Posner (1992).

 

Эпилог

Примечания

 

607 Эволюция музыки: Wallin et al. (1999); см. также Catchpole & Slater (1995).

607 Эволюция интеллекта: Jensen (1998), Jerison (1973), Jerison & Jerison (1988).

608 Эволюция сознания: Bock & Marsh (1993), Chalmers (1996), Dennett (1991, 1995), Humphrey (1992), Searle (1992, 1997).

608 Эдвард Уилсон о непротиворечивости: Wilson (1998); другие аргументы в пользу согласованности эволюционной психологии и социальных наук: Campbell (1988), Runciman (1998).

609 Мужские и женские взгляды в эволюционной психологии: Angier (1999), Buss & Malamuth (1996), Fisher (1992, 1999), Gowaty (1997), Hrdy (1981, 1997, 1999), Lancaster (1991), Parish (1993), Smuts (1995), Sommers (1994).

610 Эволюция и этика: Huxley (1989), Wright (1994).

613 Общественные дебаты как способ выбора равновесия: Binmore (1994, 1998).

614 Биоэтика и вопросы генетического скрининга и т. п.: Petrinovich (1998), Silver (1998).

 

Список литературы

 

 

Литература, процитированная в разделе “Примечания”

 

Основные рекомендации для дальнейшего чтения:

 

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Zahavi Amotz, Zahavi Avishag. The handicap principle: A missing piece of Darwin’s puzzle. Oxford University Press, 1997.

Boyd R., Silk J. How humans evolved. New York: Norton, 1997.

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Hamer D., Copeland P. Living with our genes. New York: Doubleday, 1998.

Wilson E. O. Consilience: The unity of knowledge. New York: Knopf, 1998.

 

Научной литературы, посвященной половому отбору, эволюционной психологии и эволюции человека, слишком много, чтобы сюда можно было включить все относящееся к этим темам. Составляя список рекомендаций, я отдавал предпочтение книгам, а не академическим научным журналам, так как большинству людей книгу достать легче. Кроме того, я старался выбирать работы, доступные широкой аудитории, достаточно новые, всеобъемлющие и/или веселые. Некоторые классические, старые работы, процитированные в тексте или упомянутые в разделе “Примечания” (например, “Критика способности суждения” Иммануила Канта), не включены сюда, так как их переиздания можно легко найти.

 

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Buss D. M. Evolutionary personality psychology. Annual Review of Psychology. 1991; 42: 459–491.

Buss D. M. The evolution of desire: Strategies of human mating. New York: Basic Books, 1994.

Buss D. M. Evolutionary psychology: The new science of mind. New York: Allyn & Bacon, 1999.

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