Translate the word combinations given below.

1. vehicle design. 2. rear wheels. 3. aerodynamic center. 4. weight distribution. 5. intended use. 6. increased engine performance. 7. service facility. 8. suspension characteristics. 9. limited-access road system.   10. weight distribution.

Find definitions to the given words.

1. Design. 2. Option. 3. Comfort. 4. Off-road use. 5. Customer.

А. Physical well-being. B. Drawing or outline. C. Right or power of choosing.

  D. A person who buys things. E. Use in broken ground, rugged country.

Fill in the gaps in the sentences.

1. Vehicle design depends on its … use. 2. Automobile has to be with high … to severe overloads. 3. A … for products intended for limited-access road system expect more comfort options. 4. Stability depends on the … between front and rear wheels. 5. Weight distribution depends on the location and size of the ….

A. Engine. B. Customer. C. Intended. D. Distribution of weight.         

  E. Resistance.

 

Match the synonyms.

1. Performance. 2. Position. 3. Propulsion. 4. Operate. 5. Customer.

А. Notable action. B. Layout. C. Work. D. Propelling force. E. User.

Match the antonyms.

1. Increase. 2. Front wheels. 3. Common. 4. High-speed. 5. Front-mounted engine.

А. Decrease. B. Unusual. C. Rear wheels. D. Low-speed.

E. Rear-mounted engine.

 

Name the following component parts of a car.

1. Propelling force driving a vehicle forward is …. 2. Means by which a motor-vehicle is supported on its axles is …. 3. A machine that generates mechanical power is …. 4. A round object that turns round to make vehicle move is …. 5. The main part of any vehicle where the seats are is ….

 

7. Translate the 1^st paragraph of the text.

UNIT 4.

Translate the words and learn them.

articulated bus	suburban
self-propelled	tour
carry	limit
route	luggage
compete	seat
provide	rack
develop	stroke
flexibility	horsepower
coach	brake
accommodate	hitch

Read and render the text.

BUSES

A bus is a self-propelled road vehicle, designed to carry more passengers than any automobile, generally on a fixed route. It was developed at the beginning of the 20^th century to compete with streetcars by providing greater route flexibility. The bus was a natural outgrowth of the horse-driven coach. Today buses are defined as vehicles that accommodate more than 10 passengers.

There are four main types of buses: city or transit, suburban, intercity or tour, and school. The city bus operates within the city limits and is characterized by low maximum speed, low-ride platform, provision for standing and wheelchair passenger, two entrances on the curb side, low-back seats, and no luggage space.

The suburban bus is designed for short intercity runs and has high-back seats, luggage compartments and racks, and a single front entrance. The intercity type has a high-ride platform to provide maximum luggage space under the passengers, high-back seats, overhead luggage racks, individual reading lights, and a washroom. A typical intercity coach weighs about 26,000 pounds (12,000 kilograms), has a capacity of up to 47 passengers, a two-stroke-cycle diesel engine with up to 450 horsepower, an electronically controlled automatic transmission, and air brakes. School buses generally consist of a 50-passenger bus body, with special signal lamp and safety provisions, mounted on a long-wheelbase truck chassis.

Articulated buses were first used in Europe in the 1950s. In this arrangement a trailer body is connected to the rear of conventional front-engine bus by means of a hitch, a flexible diaphragm, and a continuous floor panel with accurate mating surface during turn manoeuvres. This arrangement permits up to a 75 percent increase in seating capacity and 20 percent improvement in fuel efficiency per seat-mile. The turning radius is the same as that of conventional bus. Manufacture of this design was begun in the United States in the 1980s by several European firms. Double decking, increased seating comfort and larger glass areas have been trends in tour buses, principally in Europe and Asia.