II. Read and translate the text.

 

A capacitor is one of the main elements of a circuit. It is used to store electric energy. A capacitor stores electric energy provided that a voltage source is applied to it.

 

The main parts of a capacitor are metal plates and insulators. The function of insulators is to isolate the metal plates and in this way to prevent a short.

In the diagram one can see two common types of capacitors in use nowadays: a fixed capacitor and a variable one. The plates of a fixed capacitor cannot be moved; for this reason its capacity does not change. The plates of a variable capacitor move; its capacity changes. The greater the distance between the plates, the less is the capacity of a ca­pacitor. Variable capacitors are commonly used by radiomen; their function is to vary the frequency in the circuit. Fixed capacitors are used in telephone and radio work.

Fixed capacitors have insulators produced of paper, ceramics and other materials; variable capacitors have air insulators. Paper capacitors are commonly used in radio and electronics; their advantage is their high capacity: it may be higher than1,000 picofarad.

Besides, electrolyte capacitors are highly in use. They also have a very high capacity: it varies from 0.5 to 2,000 microfarad. Their disadvantage is that they change their capacity when the temperature changes. They can operate without a change only at temperatures not lower than -40 С

Common troubles in capacitors are an open and a short. A capacitor stops operating and does not store energy in case it has a trouble. A ca­pacitor with a trouble should be substituted by a new one.

 

III. Find English equivalents.

 

Конденсатор, изолятор, недостаток, расстояние, часть, причина, анод, при условии что, кроме того, преимущество, двигаться.

 

   IV. Insert the missing letter.

Fun-tion, insul-tors, dia-ram, ele-trol-te, ca-a-itor, incre-se, temper-tures.

V. Finish the sentences.

1. A capacitor is ………….

2. In the diagram………….

3. The greater the distance between the plates…………….

4. Fixed capacitors have……………

5.  Paper capacitors are……………..

6. A capacitor stops operating…………………

 

 

VI. Complete these sentences using while. Follow the model on page 13:

 

1.The plates of a fixed capacitor cannot be moved to vary the capacity

2. The capacity of a variable capacitor is varied

3. Electrolyte capacitors change their capacity when the temperature changes  

4.The less the distance between the plates, the greater is the capacity...

5.When a capacitor has no trouble it stores energy      

 

VII. Solve these problems:

   Draw a diagram of a circuit consisting of two resistors and two capaci­tors connected in parallel. A battery of four cells is applied to the circuit two ammeters are used: one is connected to the main line, the other- to a parallel branch. What is the function of each element? In what way can one increase the value of resistance in the circuit?

Suppose one of the branches stops operating. What does it result from?

 VIII. Pair work. Put these questions to your group mate and ask him/her to answer them.

1.What is a capacitor used for?

2.What are the main parts of a capacitor?

3.What is the function of insulators?

4.What does the capacity of a capacitor depend on?

5.What is the difference between a fixed capacitor and a variable one?

6.What should be done in order to change a capacitor?

7.What is the relation between the value of capacity and the distance of plates?

8.What type of insulators has variable capacitors?

9.What should be done in case a capacitor has a trouble?

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 10

TRANSFORMERS

 

Цели: Введение и активизация в речи лексики по теме «Трансформаторы».

Оборудование: комплект тестов, раздаточный материал.

 

 

                                      Vocabulary

I. Learn the words and expressions.

Core                                                     сердечник  

Winding                                            обмотка

Turn                                                    виток

To step up                                          повышать

To step down                                   понижать

Frequency                                           частота

Due to                                              благодаря, из-за