Донецкой народной республики государственное

МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ

ДОНЕЦКОЙ НАРОДНОЙ РЕСПУБЛИКИ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ

ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ

«ХАРЦЫЗСКИЙ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ ТЕХНИКУМ»

ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОГО УЧРЕЖДЕНИЯ

ВЫСШЕГО ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

«ДОНЕЦКИЙ НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ»

 

                                                                    

 

                   МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Для практических занятий по иностранному языку

для студентов II курса специальностей 46.02.01 «Документационное обеспечение управления и архивоведение», 13.02.11 «Техническая эксплуатация и обслуживание электрического и электромеханического оборудования (по отраслям)», 22.02.06 «Сварочное производство

 

                                                   

                                                         

 

 

2018

Методические материалы для практических занятий для студентов 2 курса специальностей 46.02.01 «Документационное обеспечение управления и архивоведение», 13.02.11 «Техническая эксплуатация и обслуживание электрического и электромеханического оборудования (по отраслям)», 22.02.06 «Сварочное производство».

              

 

Разработала:

А.И. Реброва – преподаватель, специалист ГПОУ «ХТТ» ГОУВПО «ДонНТУ».

 

 

Методические материалы для практических занятий разработаны для проведения практических занятий с целью внедрения и усовершенствования педагогических технологий для повышения познавательной деятельности студентов.

 

Одобрена и рекомендована

с целью практического применения

цикловой комиссией цикловой комиссией делопроизводства и филологических дисциплин

протокол № ___ от «___»_________2018 г.

Председатель ЦК__________ ____________

СОДЕРЖАНИЕ

Аннотация…………………………………………………………………………4                                                                                        

Организационно-методические указания……………………………………….5

Рецензия……………………………………………………………………………6

Тема 1. Великобритания. Общие сведения……………………………………...7

Тема 2. Столица Великобритании………………………………………………..8

Тема 3. Национальная кухня Великобритании………………………………...13

Тема 4. Устная речь по теме: «Национальная кухня Великобритании»……..14

Тема 5. Праздники Великобритании…………………………………………...15

Тема 6. США. Общие сведения…………………………………………………19

Тема 7. Устная речь по теме: «США»………………………………………….19

Тема 8. Столица США…………………………………………………………...21

Тема 9. Праздники США………………………………………………………..23

Тема 10. Крупные города США……………………………………………..….24

Тема 11. Австралия………………………………………………………………27

Тема  12. Удивительный мир Австралии………………………………………28

Тема 13. Канада………………………………………………………………….30

Тема 14. Интересные места Канады……………………………………………32

Тема 15. Новая Зеландия………………………………………………………..34

Тема 16. Устная речь по теме: «Страны, язык которых изучаем»…………..37

Топ 50 неправильных английских глаголов…………………………………...38

Активные фразы для общения на практических занятиях……………………40

Иcпользуемые источники информации………………………………………..45

 

 

АННОТАЦИЯ

Методические материалы для практических занятий для студентов II курса специальностей: 46.02.01 «Документационное обеспечение управления и архивоведение», 13.02.11 «Техническая эксплуатация и обслуживание электрического и электромеханического оборудования (по отраслям)», 22.02.06 «Сварочное производство по общеобразовательной дисциплине «Иностранный язык» составлены преподавателем ГПОУ «Харцызский технологический техникум ГОУ ВПО ДонНТУ» Реброва А.И.

Целью написания методических материалов является внедрение и усовершенствование современных педагогических технологий, таких как метод проектов, игровые формы, использование ИКТ для повышения познавательной активности студентов и заинтересованности в обучении.

Методические материалы знакомят с вариативными формами и методами проведения практических занятий, способами проверки знаний студентов и активации процесса усвоения новых знаний.

Методические материалы направлены на развитие у студентов умения строить монологический рассказ на иностранном языке по теме с использованием активной лексики, накопление и использование нового лексического материала в разговорной речи, умение выражать свои мысли и работать в команде, повышение мотивации студентов к изучаемой теме; способствовать развитию творческого воображения и мышления и повышать заинтересованность в изучении дисциплины «Иностранный язык» и обучению по специальности.

Методические материалы содержат порядок проведения, приложения с коммуникативными заданиями, вопросы тестового опроса, «корзину слайды презентации по теме.

 

РЕЦЕНЗИЯ

на методические материалы для практических занятий для студентов II курса специальностей: 46.02.01 «Документационное обеспечение управления и архивоведение», 13.02.11 «Техническая эксплуатация и обслуживание электрического и электромеханического оборудования (по отраслям)», 22.02.06 «Сварочное производство по общеобразовательной дисциплине «Иностранный язык» составленную преподавателем ГПОУ «Харцызский технологический техникум ГОУ ВПО ДонНТУ» Реброва А.И.

Методические материалы для практических занятий направлены на развитие коммуникативных умений и навыков английского языка на основе страноведческого материала путем активизации познавательной деятельности студентов на практических занятиях по иностранному языку в процессе работы с наглядными пособиями и дидактическим материалом, использованием ИКТ.

Методические материалы имеют содержание, задания к проведению актуализации знаний и закрепления нового материала.

Ценностью методических материалов является внедрение и усовершенствование современных педагогических технологий, таких как метод проектов, занятие - соревнование, использование ИКТ.

Методические материалы составлены методически грамотно, отвечают современным требованиям и могут быть использованы преподавателями иностранного языка средних профессиональных учебных учреждений.

 

 

Рецензент __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Раздел 1. Страноведение. Англоязычные страны

Тема 1. Великобритания. Общие сведения

Ex. 1                                                 Essential Vocabulary:

1) Граничить

2) поверхность

3) равнина

4) влиять

5) мягкий 

6) влажный 

7) депозит 

8) угольная промышленность

9) сплав                                                             

10) щелчок

11) средство (движения)

12) спутник

13) старинный

14) недостаток

15) отсутствие 

16) потребность

17) монархия

18) царствовать

19) править

20) палата

21) проводить выборы

22) голосование

23) избирательная билютень

24) избиратель 

25) наследственный

26) большинство

Ex. 2 The Text:

Great Britain 1.The official name for the country whose language we study is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 2.It consists of four parts: Eng­land, Wales, Scotland and the Northern Ireland. 3.The territory of the United Kingdom is about 244 000 square kilometers. 4.The population of Great Britain is more than 56 million people. 5.The British Isles are separated from the European continent by the North Sea and the English Channel. 6.The western coast of Great Britain is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea. 7.Northern Ireland oc­cupies one third of the Island of Ireland.8. It borders on the Irish Republic in the south. 9.The surface of Great Britain varies greatly. 10. The northern and western part of the country is mountainous and is called the Highlands. 11.All the rest (south, east and centre) is a vast plain which is called the Lowlands. 12. There are no high mountains in Great Britain. 13. The highest mountain top, Ben Nevis, is only 1,343 m high. 14.There are many rivers in Great Britain but they are not very long. 15. The most important of them are the Severn and the Thames. 16.Most of the rivers flow into the North Sea. 17. The mountains, the Atlantic Ocean and the warm waters of the Gulf Stream influence the climate of Great Britain. 18. The climate is mild and humid. 19. Great Britain is not very rich in mineral resources, it has some deposits of coal, iron ore, oil and gas. Great Britain is a highly developed industrial country. Its main industries are coal-mining, machinery, textiles and clothing, shipbuilding, metal manufac­ture, electronics. Britain is a major producer of specialized alloys used by aero­space, electronic, petrochemical and other industries. Britain is the western world's largest producer of agricultural tractors, many of which are exported. It is also an important manufacturer of railway and motor vehicles. The products of the British aerospace industry include civil and military aircraft and satellites. The British clothing industry is one of the largest in Europe, and the woolen in­dustry is one of the world's largest. The main industrial centres of Great Britain are as follows: London, the capital of Great Britain, Glasgow, Birmingham, Manchester, Liverpool and oth­ers. Birmingham and Sheffield are the most ancient centres of British iron and steel industry. Manchester is the centre of cotton industry. English agriculture is also a developed industry, but because of lack of cultivated lands, it produces nearly two-thirds оf British food requirements. The state system of the country may be defined as a constitutional monar­chy, though Britain has not any written constitution as one act and the monarchy is a mere formality. English kings reign but do not rule. The power of the Queen of Great Britain is limited by Parliament. It consists of two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The members of the House of Commons are elected. General elections to choose MPs must be held at least every five years. Voting is by secret ballot and is from the age of 18. The peers of the House of Lords are not elected by voters. Their seats in the chamber are, as a rule, hereditary. The Prime Minister is usually the leader of the Party that has a majority in Parliament. There are three main political parties in Great Britain: the Labour, the Conservative and the Liberal Democratic. Britain heads the so-called British Commonwealth of Nations, whose members, among others, are Canada, Australia and New Zealand.

Ex. 3 Answer the following questions:

1. What is the official name of Britain?

2. What parts does the United Kingdom consist of?

3. What is the territory of the United Kingdom?

4. What is the population of Britain?

5. What is the surface of the country?

6. Are there many rivers in Great Britain?

7. What is the climate of Great Britain?

8. Is Great Britain rich in mineral resources?

9. What are the main industries of Great Britain?

10. What can you say about the institute of monarchy in Britain?

11. What chambers does the British Parliament consist of?

12. Are seats in Parliament hereditary or elected?

13. What are the main political parties in Britain?

14. Who usually becomes the Prime Minister in Britain?

15. What countries-members of the British Commonwealth of Nations – do you know?

Ex. 4

London

London is the capital of Great Britain, its political, economic and commercial centre. It’s the main port of Great Britain. It is one of the greatest cities of the world. Its population is about 9 million people. The city was founded by Romans in the 1st century AD and it was called Londinium. The English are very proud of the long history of their capital. The city became very rich in the 16th century. Then in 1665 and 1666 two catastrophes occurred: epidemic of plague which killed 100,000 citizens, and the Great Fire which destroyed the City. London is a real museum of architecture. Traditionally London is divided into: the City, the West End, Westminster and the East End. The City is the heart of London, its financial and business centre. Few people live in this part of London but over a million come here to work. There are a lot of famous ancient buildings in the City, for example St.Paul’s Cathedral. Westminster is one of the most famous historic areas in London as it contains both the seat of Government (the Houses of Parliament) and the crowning place of kings and queens (Westminster Abbey). The West End is the centre of London. There are historical palaces, museums, beautiful parks, large department stores, hotels, restaurants, theatres and concert halls in this part of London. One of the most beautiful palaces is Buckingham Palace, the official residence of the Queen. The oldest of all the royal residences in London is the Tower of London. The broad Mall leads from Buckingham Palace to Trafalgar Square. If you go to the east of the City, you’ll find yourself in the East End. This is an industrial part of London. The Port of London is also in the East End.

Tasks

Translate into English

Коммерческий центр, главный порт, был основан, стал очень богатым, эпидемия чумы, разделен, сердце Лондона, мало людей, старинные здания, содержит, официальная резиденция королевы.

Speak about London

St.Paul’s Cathedral

What is the cathedral famous for?

Who built it?

It is one of the symbols of London. It was built in 1710 by a great English architect Christopher Wren. This cathedral is famous for the Whispering Gallery: if you whisper anything on one side of the gallery, your words will be heard very clearly on the other side.

Every year a special ceremony is held on the occasion of the Monarch’s birthday.

Westminster Palace (Big Ben) When was it constructed? Which tower is the most famous? Why?

 

Westminster Palace is the seat of British Parliament. Another name is the Houses of Parliament. It was constructed in the 11th century. It contains 1,100 rooms, 100 staircases and 11 halls. It has got 3 massive towers: the Victoria Tower, the Middle Tower and St.Stephen’s Tower. The last Tower is the most famous, because it houses the clock called Big Ben. The Houses of Parliament consist of the House of lords and the House of Commons.

Westminster Abbey

Who was the first monarch crowned there?

Who is buried there?

It’s the oldest and the most important church in England, the official church of the British Monarch. The coronations take place there and many kings and queens are buried there. The first Monarch who was crowned there was William the Conqueror in 1066. (Вильгельм Завоеватель) Here there is the Poet’s Corner where there are monuments to some great British writes: William Shakespeare, Robert Burns, Jane Austen and others.

The Tower of London Who founded the Tower of London?

Today its official title is “Her Majesty’s Palace and fortress of the Tower of London”. It was founded by William the Conqueror in 1078 as a fortress. Later it was the Royal residence, the Royal Observatory, a prison, a zoo. Now it is a museum, which contains the national collection of armour and the Crown Jewels.

What can we see there now?

Trafalgar Square

What can we see in the centre of Trafalgar Square?

This is the largest square in the central London. In the centre of it there is Nelson’s Column. It was created in the memory of the victory of Admiral Nelson over Spain in 1805 at Cape Trafalgar. The column is 50 metres high. Around the column there are 4 bronze lions. They symbolize courage.

What do the lions symbolize?

Parks of London

What is the oldest park in London?

London is a green city with lots of parks and gardens. The three best known parks are: Hyde Park, St.James’s Park, Kensington Gardens. The most popular attraction in Hyde Park is The Diana Memorial Fountain in the shape of a heart. St.James’s Park is the oldest park in London. It is famous for the Queen Victoria Memorial.

What can we see in Hyde Park?

Buckingham Palace

How many rooms are there?

It’s the official residence of the British Monarch. It contains 400 rooms, a swimming-pool, a tennis-court, and a large garden with a lake. This Palace is open for visitors during August and September when the Queen is on holiday. In summer the Queen gives three garden parties which usually start at 4 pm. People who have done good work in different fields: scientists, politicians, sportsmen are invited there.  When is this Palace open for visitors?

 

Ex. 1 Essential vocabulary

cuisine – кухня (еда)

unvaried – однообразный

eating habits – пищевые привычки

to begin with – начинаться с…

 to consist of – состоять из…

pastries – кондитерские/мучные изделия

substantial – существенный, питательный main course – главное/второе блюдо

Ex.2   The Text:     

 

Traditionally British cuisine is considered to be rather primitive and unvaried. Some people even say that there is no any specific cuisine in Britain. However, many well-known and World’s best chefs are of British origin. Consequently, there must be something about eating habits and traditions that characterise the country. It is true that traditional British meals are rather plain and easy to cook, but they have a good and natural taste at the same time. Much attention is paid to the food quality that is why people in Great Britain choose it accurately. In addition, they prefer local products that are produced within the country or grown naturally by farmers. As for the meals, the British usually have breakfast, lunch, dinner and supper. There also used to be a tradition of drinking tea at 5 o’clock, however it is not respected much today. A day in Great Britain as in many other countries begins with breakfast. It is thougt that English breakfast consists only of porridge, but it can obviously include other food, such as: omelet, bacon, sausages, toasts, pastries, coffee and juice. As for lunchtime, British people usually have something light at this time. They prefer sandwiches, fruit or chocolate. Dinner, on the other hand, is very substantial. For dinner they normally have soup, main course and dessert. All in all, the British do have food traditions and many specific dishes that should be tasted. Among which you find the famous shepherd’s pie, picnic eggs, beefsteak, trifle and many others.

Translation (Перевод)

Обычно британскую кухню считают довольно примитивной и однообразной. Некоторые люди говорят, что никакой особой британской кухни вовсе не существует. Однако многие известные и лучшие в мире шеф-повара – британцы по происхождению. Следовательно, должно быть что-то в пищевых привычках и традициях, что характеризует эту страну. Традиционные британские блюда, действительно, довольно обычны и просты в приготовлении, но в то же время они имеют хороший и натуральный вкус. Большое внимание уделяется качеству еды, поэтому люди в Великобритании ответственно подходят к ее выбору. Более того, они предпочитают местные продукты, произведенные в пределах страны или естественно выращенные фермерами. Что касается приемов пищи в течение дня, британцы обычно разделяют их на завтрак, ланч, обед и ужин. Раньше также существовала традиция пить чай в 5 часов вечера, однако на сегодняшний день она уже не так почитаема. День в Великобритании, как и во многих других странах, начинается с завтрака. Считается, что английский завтрак состоит лишь из овсяной каши, но он также включает и другую еду: омлет, бекон, сосиски, тосты, кондитерские изделия, кофе и сок. Во время ланча британцы обычно перекусывают чем-то легким. Они предпочитают сэндвичи, фрукты и шоколад. Обед, напротив – существенный прием пищи. На обед обычно едят суп, второе и десерт. Подводя итог, стоит отметить, что у британцев есть традиции в еде и многие особые блюда, которые стоит попробовать. Среди них вы найдете знаменитый пастуший пирог, яйцо по-шотландски, бифштекс, трайфл и многие другие.

 

Vocabulary

1. public holidays - государственные праздники
2. ignore completely [ɪg'nɔː] - полностью игнорировать
3. arranged - устроенный
4. exchange - обмениваться
5. любовь - привязанность, симпатия
6. Lent - Великий пост
7. townsfolk - городские жители, горожане
8. flock - собираться толпой, идти толпой
9. Christmas Day - Рождество
10. tinsel ['tɪn(t)s(ə)l] - блестки, блестки
11. bunch of mistletoe ['mɪsltəu] - ветка омелы
12. stuff - начинять

Questions

1. What public holidays are there in Great Britain?
2. How is New Year Holiday celebrated in Great Britain?
3. When do English people celebrate St. Valentine's Day? What kind of holiday is it?
4. When and how is Mother's Day traditionally celebrated in Great Britain?
5. What is the most popular emblem of Easter?
6. When is Christmas Day observed in Great Britain? How do English people celebrate it?

I. These are the main British holidays. Match the words with their equivalents in Russian. (Студентам необходимо соотнести названия Британских праздников с их переводом)

1) New Year`s Day	a) День святого покровителя Северной Ирландии св. Патрика
2) Good Friday	b) Пасхальное воскресение
3) Easter Sunday	c) Канун дня всех святых
4) May Day	d) День первого мая
5) Spring Bank Holiday	e) Великая пятница
6) Summer Bank Holiday	f) День святого Валентина
7) Christmas Day	a) День рождественских подарков
8) Boxing Day	b)Ночь Гая Фокса
9) Halloween	c) Весенний день отдыха
10) Guy Fawkes` Night	d) Летний день отдыха
11) St. Valentine`s Day	e) Рождество
12) Patrick`s Day (in Northern Ireland)	f) Новый год

II. Put the holidays in chronological order. (Студентам предлагается пронумеровать названия праздников в хронологическом порядке)

ð New Year`s Day

ð Good Friday

ð Easter Sunday

ð May Day

ð Spring Bank Holiday

ð Christmas Day

ð Summer Bank Holiday

ð Boxing Day

ð Halloween

ð Guy Fawkes` Night

ð St. Valentine`s Day

ð St. Patrick`s Day (in Northern Ireland)

III. Fill in the table with the symbols of some British holidays. (Студенты заполняют таблицу, вписывая ключевые слова, которые ассоциируются с тем или иным праздником)

- a burning of a dummy called a "guy"

- Jack-o-Lantern (the face made from pumpkins)

- Egg rolling game

- holly wreath

- sweet hearts

- a fir tree

- First Footing (in Scotland)

- Santa Claus (Father …)

- to dye and hide eggs

- resolutions

- roast turkey

- funny costumes of witches, ghosts and skeletons

- Queen`s speech

- Bunny (a rabbit)

- fireworks

- carols (church hymns)

- the tradition of receiving gifts (presents)

- fluffy chick

- cards without a sign

- pudding

- shopping holiday (the day of big sale)

- hot cross buns

- church service

- «trick» or «treat»

- «A penny for the guy»

- Stockings

- out-door decorations

- day for sporting events and hunting

IV. Guess what holiday it is. Fill in the table. (Учащимся предлагается прочитать мини-тексты и определить название праздника)

1)For more British families, this holiday is the most important festival of the year. It combines the celebration the birth of Christ and the traditional festivities of winter. On the Sunday before churches hold carol services. Carol singers can be heard on the street as they collect money for charity. People decorate their houses with a holly wreath and put a fir tree. Children find presents in their stockings.

2) There is a lot of dancing, eating and fireworks. Before the holiday people write the «resolutions» (the list of the things should be made next year). On this day people usually visit their friends. In Scotland they bring a piece of coal for good luck.

3) This holiday means «holy evening». At parties people dress up in strange costumes and pretend they are witches. People make up lamps of pumpkins and other vegetables. Some children dress in white sheets, knock on doors and ask if you would like a «trick or treat». If you give them some money or some sweets, a «treat», they go away. If not, they play a «trick» on you, such as making a lot of noise or splashing water in your face!

4) People send cards to people they love. They should not write their names on the cards. Those who get them must guess who sent them.

5) The name of this holiday comes from “Eostre”, the Anglo-Saxon goddess of spring. Christians celebrate the resurrection of Jesus Christ, many people celebrate the beginning of spring. This holiday is celebrated on the first Sunday after the first full moon in spring. That’s why it’s on a different date each year.

People dye eggs in various colours. Bunnies, chicks, lambs and flowers are associated with it because they are born in the spring.

Egg rolling game is very popular in Wales.

6) The English celebrate this holiday by burning a dummy, made of straw and old clothes, on a bonfire, at the same time letting of fireworks. This dummy is called a «guy» and children can often be seen on the pavements saying «Penny for the guy». If they collect enough money they can buy some fireworks.

7) It is the next day after Christmas. It`s time to receive presents for friends and relatives, a shopping holiday, the day for different sport events and hunting.

8) We are glad and very gay.

We all dance and sing and say:

«Merry, merry, ____________ Day!»

10) Five little pumpkins sitting on a gate.

The first one said: «It’s getting late!»

9) I give her flowers

White, yellow and red

Who loves _____________ best

New Year`s Day	St. Valentine`s Day	Easter	Halloween	Guy Fawkes’s Day	Christmas	Boxing Day

 

USA

It is faraway country, on the other side of the world. It is country of contrasts and great opportunities. There are a number of time zones and two oceans, the Pacific and the Atlantic, between us. And what attracts me to it? The US is state with rich cultural heritage and fascinating history. It has passed a long way of formation and has earned respect from other countries. During the Second World War the US had been a reliable support for the Soviet Union because it had helped much in the fight against the fascism. America gave the world a lot of great people, such as Abraham Lincoln, James Fenimore Cooper, Ernest Hemingway and Martin Luther King. This list is endless. We should not forget about Christopher Columbus, because he had discovered this previously unknown continent. A lot of cultures, mentalities and nations are intertwined in America. This has formed the current face of the country. Today, the US is a prosperous country, "the first economy of the world".

Many people want to go to the US to get an education, make a career, or just see this truly amazing place. There are so many beautiful cities in America: big cities such as New York, Los Angeles, Miami as well as little provincial towns. I want to pick out New York City among big cities. I associate New York with lots of yellow taxis on Times Square, crowds of people, who hurry somewhere and of course with skyscrapers and Statue of Liberty. Recently, I wanted to "taste "The Big Apple"". No matter how stupidly it sounds, this ambition appeared, when I was playing video game `Grand theft Auto IV`. That would be so nice to wake up in the morning and go for a walk on Manhattan, visit the famous Wall Street, see Columbia University, stroll along Broadway, stare at the colorful advertising signs in Times Square. Then, we can go to Central Park for a walk, encountering running people in tracksuits, mummies with prams, people walking their dogs or to sit on green grass. After this we can pop to coffee shop and then go to Liberty Island where a statue with the same name is located, which has become a national symbol of America. New York is the capital of American fashion. Fashion Weeks are held there. New York City is not only a big beautiful city, but it is one of the world economic centers. Also there is the headquarters of UN. California will certainly leave nobody indifferent. San Francisco with Cable Cars and Golden Gate Bridge, Silicon Valley and high technologies, San Diego and its Zoo - that`s California. There are most picturesque beaches of the West coast. I would be glad to be on of these beaches. Lying on golden sand and the sun gently caressing your skin, ocean softly roaring, boys and girls in swimsuits playing beach volleyball and the rescuers attentively watching over what is happening. California is an excellent place for surfing. I would take a lesson from local surfing instructors. There is also Hollywood in the Golden State, it is the well-known suburbs of Los Angeles. Hollywood had discovered the world-famous stars like Audrey Hepburn, Kirk Douglas, Harrison Ford and Meryl Streep. It is noteworthy, that the governor of California, Arnold Schwarzenegger, is actor too.

By the way, I want to visit the Hollywood Walk of Fame. It is interesting, that there are two towns, which name is Washington, in America except the capital of the US. The capital of the US, Washington D.C., deserves attention too. What can I say about this city? The government of the USA is situated there and a number of government buildings, like United States Capitol, residence of president of the United States, the White House, and Supreme Court of the United States. Washington D.C. is one of the most beautiful cities of America. Architecture of US Capitol and Supreme Court of the US is amazing. In the US capital we can also see The Lincoln Memorial, inside which the statue of sixteenth president is located.

You must see this.

United States of America is a truly great country, with special lifestyle, unique people and its own traditions. My cherished dream is to go there and learn how America really is.

 

ACROSS

3. The highest mountain in the USA.

5. The ___________ of the country is about 324 million people.

6. The ___________ of the country is about 9,400,000 km2.

7. The most northern state of the USA.

THE USA. States and symbols

Упражнение 4. Read the text. Find the 5 largest states on MAP 1. What are their capital cities?

The USA is a federal republic. It consists of 50 states. The five biggest states are: Alaska, Texas, California, Montana and New Mexico. The capital city – Washington – is situated in a special district — the District of Columbia.

One of the national symbols of the country is the flag. It is also called STARS AND STRIPES. There are 50 stars on the flag – one for each state. There are also 13 stripes. The 13 stripes represent the 13 original colonies of the US.

The national bird of the USA is the Bald Eagle. The National mammal is the bison – just like in Belarus. The national flower is the rose like in England, and the national tree is an oak.

Упражнение 5. Study the infographics. Answer the questions:

1. How is the national US flag called?

2. What do the 50 stars on the flag stand for?

3. What do the 13 stripes stand for?

4. What does the USA have in common with Belarus and with England?

5. What is the national tree of the USA?

6. What is the national bird of the USA?

Washington

Washington, the capital of the United States of America, is situated on the Potomac River in the District of Columbia. The district is a piece of land ten miles square and it does not belong to any separate state but to all the states. The district is named in honour of Columbus, the discoverer of America. The capital owes much to the first President of the USA -George Washington. It was G. Washington, who chose the place for the District and laid in 1790 the corner-stone of the Capitol, where Congress sits.

Washington is not the largest city in the USA. It has a population of 900 000 people. Washington is a one-industry town. That industry is government. It does not produce anything except very much scrap paper. Every day 25 railway cars leave Washington loaded with scrap paper.

Washington has many historical places. The largest and tallest among the buildings is the Capitol with its great House of Representatives and the Senate chamber. There are no skyscrapers in Washington because no other building must be taller than the Capitol. The White House is the President's residence. All American presidents except George Washington (the White House was not yet built in his time), have lived in the White House. It was built in 1799. It is a two-storied, white building.

Not far from the Capitol is the Washington Monument, which looks like a very big pencil. It rises 160 metres and is hollow inside. A special lift brings visitors to the top in 70 seconds from where they can enjoy a wonderful view of the whole city.

The Jefferson Memorial was built in memory of the third President of the USA, Thomas Jefferson, who was also the author of the Declaration of Independence. The memorial is surrounded by cherry-trees. The Lincoln Memorial devoted to the memory of the 16th President of the US, the author of the Emancipation Proclamation, which gave freedom to Negro slaves in America.

On the other bank of the Potomac lies the Arlington National Cemetery where President Kennedy was buried. American soldiers and officers, who died in World Wars I and II are buried there too.

Вашингтон

Вашингтон, столица Соединенных Штатов Америки, рас­положен на реке Потомак в округе Колумбия. Округ Ко­лумбия - это кусочек земли площадью десять квадратных миль, который не принадлежит отдельному штату, но всем одновременно. Округ назван в честь Колумба, перво­открывателя Америки. Столица многим обязана первому президенту США -Джорджу Вашингтону. Именно Дж. Вашингтон выбрал место для округа и заложил в 1790 г. краеугольный камень Капитолия, места заседания конгресса США.

Вашингтон не самый большой город в США. Он имеет население в 900 тысяч жителей. Вашингтон - город одного вида промышленности. Эта промышленность - правительство. Оно не производит ни­чего, кроме большого количества макулатуры. Каждый день из Вашингтона отбывают 25 железнодорожных вагонов, наполненных макулатурой.

В Вашингтоне много исторических мест. Капитолий с его большой палатой представителей и сенатом - самое большое и высокое из всех зданий. В Вашингтоне нет небоскребов, потому что здесь ни одно здание не должно быть выше, чем Капитолий. Белый дом - резиденция президента. В Белом доме жили все американские президенты, кроме Джорджа Вашингтона (в его время Белый дом еще не был построен). Он был построен в 1799 г. Это двухэтажное здание белого цвета.

Недалеко от Капитолия расположен памятник Вашингтону, который похож на большой карандаш. Это полый изнутри памятник, возвышающийся на 160 м. За 70 секунд на специальном лифте посетители поднимаются на верхушку монумента, откуда они могут полюбоваться красивым видом города.

Мемориал Джефферсона был воздвигнут в память тре­тьего президента США - Томаса Джефферсона, который был также автором Декларации независимости. Вокруг мемориала растут вишневые деревья. Мемориал Линкольна посвящен памяти шестнадцатого президента Соединенных Штатов, автора Провозглашения освобождения, которое дало свободу неграм-рабам Америки.

На другом берегу реки Потомак находится Арлингтонское национальное кладбище, где похоронен президент Кеннеди. Здесь также похоронены американские солдаты и офицеры, погибшие в I и II мировых войнах.

Questions:

1. What city is the capital of the USA?
2. Where is Washington situated?
3. To which state does the city of Washington belong?
4. In whose honour is the district of Columbia named?
5. Who was the first President of the USA?
6. Who chose the place for the District?
7. Is Washington the largest city in the USA?
8. What is the population of Washington?
9. What industries are situated in the city?
10. What do 25 railway cars leave Washington loaded with?
11. Why are there no sky-scrapers in Washington?
12. Where is the President's residence?
13. When was the White House built?
14. In whose memory was the Jefferson Memorial built?
15. Who is the author of the Declaration of Independence?
16. Which document gave freedom to Negro slaves in America?

17. Who was buried at the Arlington National Cemetery?
                                                           

Vocabulary:

-separate - отдельный
-to be named in honour - быть названным в честь
-except - кроме, за исключением
-scrap paper - макулатура
-hollow - полый, пустой
-to enjoy a wonderful view of - любоваться прекрасным видом
-cherry-trees - вишневые деревья
-on the other bank - на другом берегу

THE USA. Holidays

Упражнение 6. Read the passage and complete the table. The first is done for you.

Holiday	Date	What do people do	Is it a national holiday?
New Year's Day	January, 1st	Have parties, go to clubs, meet their friends, greet the New Year in.	YES

HOLIDAYS IN THE USA

American holidays are days off from work just like ours. The main holidays in the USA are:

New Year's Day, January, 1^st.

People stay awake until after midnight on December 31^st. They have parties, go to night clubs, meet their friends. Many people greet the New Year in.

Valentine's Day, February, 14th:

Valentine's Day is not a national holiday. Banks and offices do not close, but many people celebrate Valentine's Day. They exchange cards and spend their time together with the loved ones.

Easter.

People celebrate Easter on the first Sunday after the first full moon between March, 22, and April, 25. Pupils usually have spring vacation at this time. Easter is a church holiday, and many people go to churches on this day. People give each other eggs.

Memorial Day, May, 30th:

Memorial Day is a national holiday. Schools, banks and offices close for the day. On that day, Americans honor the soldiers who gave their lives in past wars. Schools, clubs and churches decorate the cemeteries. They put up the flags on the graves of the army, navy and airmen.

Independence Day, July, 4th:

Independence Day is a national public holiday. On this day, in 1776, America signed the Declaration of Independence. People have picnics and parties and meet their friends on this day.

Halloween, October, 31st:

On this day Americans just have a nice holiday. It is not a national holiday. Children dress up as ghosts and witches and go out into the streets to beg. They go from house to house and say: «Trick or treat!».

Thanksgiving Day, the fourth Thursday in November:

In the USA Thanksgiving Day is a national holiday. All members of the family gather at the house of their parents. The family has a large traditional dinner, usually with turkey, cranberry sauce and pumpkin pie.

Christmas Day, December, 25th:

It is usually a one-day official holiday. Christmas is a family holiday. Schools and colleges close between Christmas and New-Year's Day. People stay at home and spend the time with their families.

Summary

Упражнение 7. Do you think this statements are true or false? Correct the false statements.

1. The United States of America is also called the USA or the UK.

2. The capital of the USA is EDINBURG.

3. The Great Lakes are in the north-east of the country.

4. The USA consists of 13 big states and 50 small states.

5. The national flag of the USA is also called UNION JACK.

6. The national bird of the USA is the Bald Eagle.

7. Independence Day is a national public holiday.

8. Alaska was bought from Russia in 1867.

9. Most of the world's tornadoes occur in the USA.

10. English is the most commonly spoken language in the US, followed by Spanish.

11. The first man to walk on the moon was American George Washington.

12. The most popular sports in the US are American football, baseball and basketball.

 

Ex.1   The Text:     

The USA

The United States of America is one of the greatest countries in the world. It is situated on the North American continent and is washed by three oceans: the Pacific, the Atlantic and the Arctic. The USA only borders on two countries — Canada and Mexico. This great country has a lot of mountains, rivers, lakes.

The main mountains are the Appalachians and the Cordilleras. The longest rivers are the Mississippi and the Missouri. The climate of the country is very changeable. In the southern part it is subtropical while the northern part has very cold weather in winter. America has fifty states and one federal District of Columbia where the capital of the country is situated. The capital of the USA is Washington. It stands on the Potomac river in the eastern part of the country. The main cities are located on the Pacific and Atlantic coasts. New-York is the largest city of the country. Other large cities are San- Francisco, Los-Angeles, Detroit, Chicago, Phoenix and Dallas. The USA is a country of highly developed industry and agriculture. The main industrial centres are Chicago and Detroit, with their greatest automobile company “General Motors”. There are many farms with various agricultural products. Grain, fruit and vegetables are grown on numerous fields especially in the South. The USA is a country with great holidays, customs and traditions. It is one of the most beautiful and interesting countries in the world.

Ex.2             Answer the following questions:

1. Where is the USA situated?

2. What are the main mountains in the USA?

3. What are the main rivers in the USA?

4. Where are the main cities located?

5. What kind of country is the USA?

Task 1. “Geography” You know some information about the USA. You can see some figures and geographical names. Write 6 sentences down using the figures and geographical names. 1. Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Ocean 2. 9,5 millions square kilometers 3. 50 states 4. 270 million people 5. the Mississippi 6. the Rocky Mountains, the Cordillera Mountains, the Appalachian Mountain

Task 2 “Names of the states” You know that the USA consists of 50 states. Each of them has several unofficial name or nickname. You can see the names of 6 states of the USA. Answer the questions.

Ex.2        The Text:

WHAT IS AUSTRALIA LIKE?

Did you know, for example, that Australia is the biggest island in the world? It is only a little smaller than the United States of America, and it is bigger than Western Europe.

Did you know Australia is one of the oldest lands in the world? During millions of years, wind and water have slowly taken the earth horn the hills and filled the valleys with it. Although there are some mountains along the east coast, and some along the west coast, the centre of the country is very flat.

A long line of mountains runs from the north to the south of the east coast. It is called the Great Dividing Range, because it divides the green, wet coast of eastern Australia from the hot dry lands in the centre.

Australia has three different climates. In the north the weather is tropical — hot and wet.

In the centre, the climate is very dry, and the land is mainly desert. In the south, it is pleasant with cool winters and warm summers.

The four great deserts of central Australia cover 2 000 000 square kilometres.

There are six different states in Australia: Western Australia, Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania and South Australia. There are also two territories: Northern Territory and Australian Capital Territory with Canberra, the nation's capital city, in it.

Each Australian state has its own government and its own capital city. The state capitals are Perth, Brisbane, Sydney, Melbourne, Hobart, and Adelaide.

In fact most of them (85 per cent) live in the cities of the east coast. But even these cities are not very big. There are only 17 million people in Australia, and it's a very big country.

Australia is sometimes called "the lucky country". One reason is the wonderful riches under the earth: gold, silver, iron, coaland many precious metals. Oil and natural gas have helped to build big industries. Victoria, the south-eastern state, has a large number of industries. Oil is no problem for them.

Sydney is the best known place in New South Wales. In fact, it's the best known place in Australia. But New South Wales has more than cities. There are, for example, the Blue Mountains. They are covered

with forests of blue - coloured eucalyptus trees. The air above the forest contains millions of microscopic drops of eucalyptus oil. When the sun shines, the air of the Blue Mountains is a real, beautiful blue.

The Great Barrier Reef on the coast of Queensland is a garden under the sea. There are 1400 different kinds of fish, and more than 300 kinds of coral. Tropical fruit and flowers grow on the beautiful islands. It's not surprising that more holiday-makers come to Queensland every year.

South Australia is the driest of all the states, but it does have the Murray River. The river brings greenness and life to the state's south east corner.

There are two kinds of gold in Western Australia. First, there's the real kind — the kind that comes out of the ground. Gold was found in Kalgoorlie in 1893. Kalgoorlie still exports some gold, but the new "gold" of Western Australia is wheat. Big farms grow millions of tons of wheat every year, and wheat has become Australia's second biggest export.

Tasmania, the island south of Australia, is small. It is also very different from the other states. There are no deserts in Tasmania. It often rains, both in winter and summer. Only half a million people live in Tasmania and a large part of the islands is still covered with wild, beautiful rain forests. These forests are full of wonderful flowers and interesting animals, like the little Tasmanian devil.

 

Ex. 3 Answer the following questions:

1. What is the biggest island in the world? _________________________

2. What is one of the oldest lands in the world? _____________________

3. What climate does Australia have? _____________________________

4. How many states are there in Australia? _________________________

5. What are the state capitals? ___________________________________

6. Where do all the Australians live? ______________________________

7. What are the riches of Australia? _______________________________

8. What two kinds of gold are there in Western Australia? ______________

9. What do you know about Tasmania? ________________________________

Australia

Australia is the only country in the world that is also a continent. It is the sixth large country and the smallest continent. Australia lies between the South Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean. It is situated about 11 000 km southwest of North America and about 8200 km southeast of mainland Asia. The name of the country comes from Latin word «australis» which mean southern. The country's official name is Commonwealth of Australia.

The Commonwealth of Australia is a federation of states. Australia has six states — New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia. Each state has its government. Australia has two territories — the Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory. The capital of the country is Canberra.

Australia is a constitutional monarchy like Great Britain. The? nation is administered under written constitution. The British monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, is also queen of Australia and country's head of state. But the queen has little power in the Australian government. She serves mainly as a symbol of long historical tie between Great Britain and Australia. Australia is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations which is an association formed by Britain and some of its former colonies.

Australia is one of the world's developed countries. Australia has modern factories, highly productive mines and farms, and busy cities. It is the world's leading producer of wool and bauxite <the ore from which aluminium is made). It also produces and exports large amounts of other minerals and farm goods. Income from the export enables Australians to have high standard of living. The most important trading partners of Australia are Japan and the United States.

Австралия