The newer civic universities

These were originally technical colleges set up by local authorities in the first half of the twentieth century. Their upgrading to university status took place in two waves. The first wave occurred in the mid-1960s, when ten of them (e.g. Aston in Birmingham, Salford near Manchester and Strathclyde in Glasgow) were promoted in this way. Then, in the early 1970s, another thirty became 'polytechnics', which meant that as well as continuing with their former courses, they were allowed to teach degree courses (the degrees being awarded by a national body). In the early 1990s most of these (and also some other colleges) became universities. Their most notable feature is flexibility with regard to studying arrangements, including 'sandwich' courses (i.e. studies interrupted by periods of time outside education). They are now all financed by central government.

After reading:

  Study the vocabulary:

discern [dɪ'sɜːn]-1) разглядеть 2) различать, распознавать 3) понять, разгадать 4) отличать; проводить различие

denote [dɪ'nəut];-значить, означать; символизировать

entitled -имеющий право

II. Answer the following questions:

1) What is Oxbridge?

2) How is the staff in Oxbridge called?

3) In what way are the students in Oxbridge taught?

4) When did the old Scottish universities appear?

5) How do they differ from Oxbridge?

6) What are peculiarities of the early nineteenth-century English universities?

7) What kind of bias do the' redbrick' universities have?

8) Why are they called the' redbrick'?

9) Where are the campus universities located?

10) When were they established?

11) What do you know about 'sandwich' courses of the newer civic universities?

III. Match the words with their definitions:

word	definition
1. accommodation	a) a concentration on or interest in one particular area or subject
2. discern	b) the grounds and buildings of a university or college
3. bias	c) perceive or recognize (something)
4. campus	d) things are spread over an area in an untidy or irregular way.
5. award	e) a room, group of rooms, or building in which someone may live or stay
6. scattered	f) an organization or group within which smaller divisions have some degree of internal autonomy
7. federation	g) a class at university in which a topic is discussed by a teacher and a small group of students
8. seminar	h) a prize or other mark of recognition given in honour of an achievement

IV. Match the parts of the sentences in the right way.

I	II
1) At all of them the pattern of study is closer to the continental tradition than to	a) located in the countryside but close to towns
2) These are purpose-built institutions	b) social sciences and to make greater use than other universities of teaching in small groups, often known as “seminars”.
3) During the nineteenth century various institutes of higher education, usually with a technical bias,	c) with regard to studying arrangements, including 'sandwich' courses (i.e. studies interrupted by periods of time outside education).
4) They tend to emphasize relatively 'new' academic disciplines such as	d) the English one- there is less specialization than at Oxbridge.
5) Their most notable feature is flexibility	e) and contain enough accommodation for at least half of their students.
6) Most colleges have their own dining hall, library and chapel	f) sprang up in the new industrial towns and cities such as Birmingham, Manchester and Leeds.

V. Fill in the appropriate words from the box into the gaps:

a) copy

b) ratio

c) library

d) students

e) single-sex

f) tutorials

g) federations

Oxbridge

This name denotes the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, both founded in the medieval period. They are 1) ___________of semi-independent colleges, each college having its own staff, known as 'Fellows'. Most colleges have their own dining hall, 2) ___________ and chapel and contain enough accommodation for at least half of their3) ______________. The Fellows teach the college students, either one-to-one or in very small groups (known as 4) ________________ in Oxford and 'supervisions' in Cambridge). Oxbridge has the lowest student/staff 5) ____________ in Britain. Lectures and laboratory work are organized at university level. As well as the college libraries, there are the two university libraries, both of which are legally entitled to a free6) _________ of every book published in Britain. Before 1970 all Oxbridge colleges were7) ____________ (mostly for men). Now, the majority admit both sexes.

VI. Spelling: Unjumble the words in bold

the continental irtaitond

technical gocleesl

purpose-built sinituttiosn

'sandwich' uorsec

eedmivla period

academic nisdciliep

central novgeremtn

notable eafuter

VII. Put the words in the right order to form sentences

1. was 1832 Durham University founded in.

2. central are now by all They financed government.

3. people local only catered They for.

4. is broad it to discern possible a few But categories.

5. universities Scotland 1600 By four boasted.

6. were 1970 single-sex Before all colleges Oxbridge.

  VIII. Derive verbs from the given nouns. Make up your own sentences with these verbs:

accommodation→…

organization→…

education→…

arrangement→…

government→…

establishment→…

 IX. What prepositions go in the gaps?

Oxford University

with / about / at / of / from / over / at / of /from / at / of / from / in / up of

Oxford should be 1)_______ an hour's drive2)_______ London. It’s very popular

3) _______ tourists and students. And Oxford University is one4) _______ the top ten universities5) _______ the world. I’m 6) ________ the top 7)_______ the Carfax Tower. It has amazing views 8) _______ the city and 9) ________ here you can see that the university is really 10) _____ the heart11) ______ the city. Oxford University is made12) _________ thirty-eight different colleges. There are twenty thousand students studying 13) _______ Oxford 14) _______ nearly a hundred and fifty countries.

  X. М ake the power point presentation about any college or university of the UK.

  XI. Write а summary of the Text. Follow the tips given in the (Appendix 2, section II)

 

Text E.

Before reading