Артикль с географическими названиями, именами собственными

1.   Перед названиями континентов, стран, городов, штатов, графств, улиц,

 парков, площадей артикль отсутствует:

  a) Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, South America

b) Canada, Sweden, Russia, Great Britain, Poland, Thailand

c) Moscow, London, New York, Boston, Montreal, Ufa, Washington D.C.

d) Texas, Louisiana, Hawaii, Central Europe

e) Park Avenue, Fleet Street, Wall Street

 

N. B. 1) Если в названии страны есть слова ‘republic’, ‘kingdom’, states’,

        ‘federation’, название страны обязательно используется с    

        артиклем the:

          the United States of America (the USA ), the UK (the United

        Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland), the Dominican

        Republic, the Russian Federation

    2) Если название страны используется во множественно числе, его  

        используют с артиклем the:

        the Netherland s, the Philippine s

 

2. Названия океанов, морей, рек, проливов, заливов, каналов

используется с артиклем the:

a) the Altantic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, the Indian Ocean, the Arctic

   Ocean

b) the Mediterranean (Sea), the Baltic (sea), the Black Sea, the Red Sea

c) the Mississippi, the Volga, the Danube, the Thames, the Amazon

d) the Gulf of Mexico, the Bering Strait, the Panama Canal, the English 

   Channel

N. B. Названия озер со словом ‘Lake’ употребляются без артикля: Lake  

    Baikal, Lake Superior

3. Названия горных цепей употребляются с артиклем the:

the Alps, the Urals, the Himalayas, the Rocky mountains = the Rockies,   

the Andes

 

N. B. Названия отдельных горных вершин употребляются без артикля:

    Everest, McKinley's mountain, Etna, Kilimanjaro

 

4. Названия групп островов употребляется с артиклем the:

the Canarie s, the Bahama s, the British Isle s

N. B. Названия отдельных островов используются без артикля:

    Corsica, Sicily, Bermuda

 

5. Если использовать прилагательное, обозначающее национальность, во  

множественном числе с артиклем the, то можно обозначить всю  

нацию:

the Russian s - русские, the Mexican s - мексиканцы, the Turk s - турки,

the Italian s - итальянцы, the American s – американцы;

точно так же можно сказать:

the Spanish - испанцы, the French - французы, the Chinese - китайцы,  

the Irish - ирландцы, the Dutch - голландцы

 

6.  Если имена собственные обозначают целиком всю семью, то используется

артикль the:

the Taylor s = the Taylor family, the Johnson s

Do you know the Browns? - Ты знаешь Браунов?       

 

7.   Артикль the используется с уникальными явлениями, такими как the

sun, the moon, the sky, the world, the sea, the country (сельская

местность):

The sky is blue and the sun is shining.

I like swimming in the sea.

They live in a town but they want to live in the country.

 

Exercise 4. Вставьте артикль the, где необходимо.

 

  1)... Moscow is situated on... Moscow River. …Moscow is a river that moves very slowly. There is canal called... Moscow-Volga Canal which joins …Moscow to... Volga.... Volga runs into... Caspian Sea. 2) Several rivers run into... sea at... New York. … most important is... Hudson River which empties (впадает) into … Atlantic Ocean. Besides... Hudson there are two other rivers:... East River and... Harlem River. 3) In... Siberia there are many long rivers:... Ob, … Irtysh, … Yenissei, … Lena and... Amur. 4)... Altai Mountains are... higher than... Urals. 5) There is a splendid view of... Lake Geneva from this hotel. 6) My... friends have travelled a lot. This year they are going to fly to … Canary Islands. 7) Which river flows through … London? -  …. Thames. 8) Of which country is  Washington... capital? - … United States. 9)... United Kingdom consists of... Great Britain and... Northern Ireland. 10) Chicago is on... Lake Michigan.

 

Exercise 5. Запомните, что выражения in the north, in the south, in the east, in the west, а также to the north, to the south и т. д. являются устойчивыми словосочетаниями. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1)... Thames is... short river. 2)... Russia is washed by... Arctic Ocean in... north. 3) Kiev is to... south of... Moscow. 4)... Europe is... continent. 5)... Moscow is... capital of... Russia. 6) Is... Asia... island or... continent? 7)... Black Sea is in... south of our country. 8)... White Sea is in... north of our country. 9) This is... map of... world. Can you read... maps? What can you see on... map? What... colour are valleys on... map? 10) Petrov is... architect. He is... experienced architect. He is in... Far East. He has... wife. His wife is... typist. They have... son and... daughter. 11)... Philippines are situated to... southeast of... Asia. 12) Do you know … Wilsons? They are a very nice couple (пара). 13)... Neva flows into... Gulf of... Finland. 14)... Pacific Ocean is very deep. 15)... Urals are not very high. 4.... Kazbek is... highest peak of … Caucasus. 16)... Alps are covered with... snow. 17) … Shetland Islands are situated to... north of …Great Britain. 18)... Lake Baikal is... deepest lake in... world. 19)... Paris is... capital of... France. 20)... Baltic Sea is stormy in winter. 21) There are many small islands in... Pacific Ocean. 22)... North Sea separates... British Isles from... Europe. 23)... Balkans are old mountains. 24)... Nile flows across... northeastern part of... Africa to... Mediterranean Sea. 25)... Washington, D.C. is... capital of... United States of America. 26) I want to go to... New York some day.

 

Exercise 6. Некоторые предложения верны, а в некоторых необходимо добавить артикль the (может быть не один раз). Исправьте неверные предложения. Отметьте `RIGHT' если предложение верно.

 

1) Everest was first climbed in 1953. RIGHT 

2) Milan is in north of Italy. WRONG - the north of Italy

3) Africa is much larger than Europe. …………………………………………. 

4) Last year I visited Mexico and United States ………………………………

5) South of England is warmer than north …………………………………….

6) France and Britain are separated by Channel ………………………………

7) Chicago is on Lake Michigan. ……………………………………………...

8) The highest mountain in Africa is Kilimanjaro (5,895 metres). ……………. 

9) Next year we are going skiing in Swiss Alps. ………………………………

10) United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ………….

11) Seychelles are a group of islands in Indian Ocean ……………………….

12) River Volga flows into Caspian Sea ………………………………………

 

Exercise 7. Вот несколько вопросов по географии. Выберите правильный ответ из предложенных вариантов, используйте артикль the при необходимости. Вам не придется использовать все упомянутые географические названия. Используйте атлас при необходимости.

continents: Africa, Australia, Asia, Europe, North America, South America   countries: Canada, Denmark, Indonesia, Sweden, Thailand, United States   oceans and seas:  Atlantic, Indian Ocean,  Pacific, Black Sea,Mediterranean,    

                         Red Sea  

mountains: Alps, Andes, Himalayas, Rockies, Urals

rivers and canals: Amazon, Rhine, Danube, Thames, Nile, Volga, Suez

                          Canal, Panama Canal

cities: London, Vancouver, Ottawa, Toronto, Belfast, Cardiff, Edinburgh

 

1) What do you have to cross to travel from Europe to America? The Atlantic 2) Where is Argentina? ………………………………………………………..

3) Which is the longest river in Africa? ………………………………………

4) Of which country is Stockholm the capital? ……………………………….

5) Of which country is Washington the capital? ……………………………….

6) What is the name of the mountain range in the west of North America?

….......................................................................................................................... 

7) What is the name of the sea between Africa and Europe? …………………..

8) Which is the smallest continent in the world? ……………………………..

9) What is the name of the ocean between America and Asia? ………………..

10) What city is the capital of Canada? ………………………………………..

11) What is the name of the ocean between Africa and Australia? …………….

12) Which river flows through London? ……………………………………….

13) Which river flows through Vienna, Budapest and Belgrade? ……………..

14) Of which country is Bangkok the capital? ………………………………..

15) What joins the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans? ………………………………

16) Which is the longest river in South America?...............................................

17) Which city is the biggest city in Canada? ………………………………….

18) What country occupies the major portion of North America? ……………..

19) What is the capital of Northern Ireland? …………………………………..

20) What city was the host of Summer Olympics in 2012? ……………………

21) Which city in Canada is called ‘Lady of the Snows’? …………………….