Переведите диалог об организационной структуре :

Russian specialist: You are one of the leading experts on management. What are general principles of company organizational structure in the U.S.?

American expert: Basically it's a functional form of organization with departments for marketing, production, finance and so on.

R. ex.: If I'm not mistaken, this form is more common for small firms, isn't it?

Am. ex.: Yes, it is. As the firms become larger and more complex, departmentalization by product, territory or customer may be more effective.

R. ex.: I see. Organization structure also includes the idea of relationship between positions and people who hold the positions. What can you say here?

Am. ex.: The oldest type of organization structure is the line organization.

R. sp.: Yes, but as far as I know, the line organization works well only for small companies. Large companies need people who are not a part of the chain of command.

Am. ex.: That's right. Large companies need people like lawyers, financial and other experts whose jobs are known as staff positions. Large companies use a line and staff organization structure.

R. sp.: And what span of management is best?

Am. ex.: You've raised the most difficult question, I must say. There is no one answer to it. In general, the broad span of management reduces a total number of managers but the narrow span makes possible close supervision.

R. sp.: What's the most typical management hierarchy in U.S. companies?

Am. ex.: Typically, there are three levels within management. They are supervisory managers, middle managers, and top managers.

R. sp.: What's your idea of well-managed business? 

Am. ex.: I, personaly, believe that business is well managed if everyone has a clear idea of what his or her job is. 

R. sp.: I can't agree more with you.

___________________________

organization structure организационная структура; basically в основном; functional функциональный: complex сложный; departmentalization деление на подразделения (отделы): relationship связь, взаимоотношения; position положение, должность; line organization линейная организация; chain of command цепь команд; staff position функциональная должность; line and staff organization линейная и функциональная организация; span of management масштаб, объем управления; supervision зд. контроль; management hierarchy иерархия управления; level уровень;supervisory manager менеджер низшего звена

 

UNIT 17. MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS

 

Vocabulary:

 

objective – цель (краткосрочная) goal – конечная цель evaluate – оценивать choose – выбирать depend on – зависеть от duties – обязательства

staff – персонал reach – достигать establish – устанавливать assign – назначать complete – завершать vary – изменять

 

1. Переведите текст и расскажите об основных функциях менеджмента:

MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS

Management functions are planning, organizing, directing and controlling.

Planning involves determining overall company objectives and deciding how these goals can best be achieved. Managers evaluate alternative plans before choosing a specific course of action. Planning is listed as the first management function because the others depend on it.

Organizing, the second management function, is the process of putting the plan into action. Managers decide on the positions to be created and determine the associated duties and responsibilities. Staffing, choosing the right person for the right job, may also be included as part of the organizing function.

Directing is the motivational function. Managers teach their workers to reach potential abilities and achieve the company goals that were established in the planning process.

In the last management function, controlling, managers evaluate how well company objectives are being met. In order to complete this evaluation, managers must look at the objectives established in the planning phase and how well the tasks assigned in the directing phase are being completed. If problems exist managers have to replan, reorganize, and redirect. Although all four functions are managerial duties, the importance of each may vary depending on the situation.

 

2. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту. Используйте их при пересказе текста:

1. What are 4 management functions? 2. What does the planning function involve? 3. What do managers evaluate before choosing a specific course of action? 4. What process is organizing? 5. What may be included as part of the organizing function? 6. Directing is the motivational function, isn’t it? 7. What do managers teach their workers? 8. What does the controlling function involve? 9. What must managers do if problems exist? 10. May the importance of each function vary depending on the situation? 

 

3. Переведите тексты с помощью словаря. Выделите основную идею:

Vocabulary:

 

seek – искать, добиваться sophisticate – портить software – программное обеспечение presuppose – предполагать initial – начальный comprehension – обширный essential – существенный substantial – значительный

negotiated – достигнутый attraction – привлекательность enable – дать возможность assess – давать оценку mutually – взаимно under the cover – в конверте advantageous – выгодный

MANAGING DIRECTOR

U.S. parent group having just formed the U.K. Company is now seeking an outstanding younger man as its Managing Director.

The Company will be heavily involved in providing a complete range of services to industry, commerce and government, based on sophisticated problem-solving techniques and computer software and systems programming.

While the existing experience of this successful and well financed group will be of great initial assistance it is a requisite that the U.K. Company will innovate and will soon contribute to the knowledge and resources of the whole group.

The position requires an outstanding managerial and executive record, presupposing ability to deal personally at highest managerial levels. In this field an above average comprehension and successful experience in the field of the new scientifically based managerial techniques, many of which are computer oriented, is almost essential. Experience with the problems of work management of software teams will be highly regarded.

The required qualifications almost dictate an age limit of under 40. A substantial salary of up to five figures can be negotiated. However, the real attraction is the opportunity to build a rapid growth organization and to share in its success through a generous stock option scheme.

Correspondence, giving enough detailed information to enable us to assess whether an interview would be mutually advantageous, should be posted under Private and Confidential cover.

 

Vocabulary:

salaried – штатный concern – касаться distinction – разница retire – оставлять (должность) scheme – программа, проект suburban – ограниченный, провинциальный

tough – сильный, упорный proprietor – собственник, хозяин scope – масштаб, предел admit – признавать, принимать refer – относиться define – определять, обозначать

 

BUSINESS MEN AND MANAGERS

The difference between the salaried managers and the individual capitalist who owns the company of which he is chairman is clear enough. The distinction is between men who understand the strategy of business and those who are only concerned with their own functions. The salaried company official in middle management, whose highest ambition is to be head of his department and retire on the firms pension scheme just like his suburban neighbour, a civil servant, will not think of himself as a business man as he thinks of one of his directors as a business man, or the tough owners of firms with whom he deals, or the proprietors of the garage that services his car. Plenty of men in middle management have, of course, business strategy in the blood, and are determined to rise, whether in their own company or another, to a position where they will have scope to make business decisions. These are, in our sense, potential business men.

It is significant that some people would like to drop the word business man altogether. Young men who do not care to admit that they are going into business can nowadays say that they are going into management. Some directors like to speak of their companies as organizations serving the public rather than as businesses making profits, and refer to themselves as simply senior members of the management team. Many business men prefer to be described as directors, industrialists, executives, etc. But directors do not as a rule like to be called managers. On the contrary, there are directors of small firms who have refused better-paid jobs in larger firms because they would there lose the status and title of “director”.