Products, Goods and Services

 

product fast-moving consumer goods consumer products industrial products convenience goods shopping goods specialty goods white goods brown goods goods / merchandise succeed (v) market (a product) (v) introduce / launch (a product) onto the market (v) product life cycle withdraw (v) money spinner / cash cow loss leader persuade (v) profitable

продукт; виріб; продукція ходові споживчі товари споживчі товари, товари широкого вжитку промислові товари товари повсякденного попиту товари попереднього вибору товари особливого попиту такі товари, як пральні машини, холодильники такі товари, як телевізори, високотехнологічне обладнання товари досягати успіхів, процвітати знаходити ринок збуту; продавати вводити товар на ринок   життєвий цикл товару вилучати; анулювати високоприбутковий товар або бізнес товар, який продають за зниженими цінами, щоб привабити покупця переконувати, схиляти, умовляти прибутковий, вигідний, рентабельний

The exchanging of products makes the business world.

A product is something that is produced or manufactured and sold, often in large numbers. Products are sometimes referred to as goods for example in the expression fast-moving consumer goods, or FMCG.

Products may be grouped into two general categories: consumer and industrial. Consumer products are classified as convenience, shopping, or specialty goods. Industrial goods are used to make other goods for resale purposes. These goods include materials, equipment, parts, and services.

We usually call white goods such things as washing machines and refrigerators and brown goods such things as televisions and hi-fi equipment.

Goods are also referred to as merchandise.

Services are activities such as banking or tourism that contribute to the economy but which may not directly involve manufacturing. Services may be referred to informally as products.

For firms to succeed in business, they must continue to develop and market products.

New products are introduced or launched onto the market. Products have a life cycle. A product that a company no longer wants to make available is withdrawn from the market.

A product generating a lot of profit is a money spinner or a cash cow. A loss leader is a product sold very cheaply in order to attract customers who will then, it is hoped, be persuaded to buy profitable ones.

1 How can you prove that the exchanging of products makes the business world? 2 How can a product be characterized? 3 What two general categories may products be grouped into? 4 What do we call such things as washing machines and refrigerators? 5 Can brown goods be also referred to as merchandise? 6 What are services? 7 If a product generates a lot of profit is it a money spinner or a loss leader? 8 What purposes is a loss leader used for? 9 Why must firms introduce new products?

1 Match words that have a similar meaning:

 

goods produce profitable money spinner introduce attract persuade withdraw

 

beneficial merchandise manufacture appeal to retract cash cow launch convince

 

2 The words in the box frequently occur before "goods". Find combinations that mean: 1) items created to be used in everyday life, e.g. food, clothes, magazines, bicycles, toys; 2) items such as television sets and radios; 3) items such as refrigerators and washing machines, so called because they are made of white painted metal; 4) goods such as cars, furniture, refrigerators, televisions, etc. that last

for a fairly long time; 5) expensive items that are bought from choice and not necessity; 6) goods that can be imported, usually in limited quantities, without customs duties; 7) goods, esp. food, that can go bad or decay quickly.

 

3 Match the words and phrases in the box with the correct definition:

 

1) the idea that the sale of a product goes through four phases: introduction, growth, maturity and decline; 2) something that earns a lot of money; 3) a product sold at a loss to encourage trade; 4) bringing in more money than is spent; 5) to take something back; 6) the job that an organization does; 7) to make goods to sell from raw materials; 8) goods for sale.

 

4 Choose the correct word from the box to complete the gaps. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian:

 

To persuade, brown goods, manufactured, product life cycle; profitable; loss leaders (2), the merchandise; fast moving; money spinner.

 

1 The book could be a real.... 2 Soap, toothpaste, batteries and light bulbs are all... consumer goods. 3 You are welcome to examine... before buying. 4 Shops use... to attract customers. 5 This deal should be highly.... 6 Fashion goods have a short.... 7 These goods were... in France. 8 The popularity of home entertainment will be maintained with sales of... such as televisions and hi-fi equipment. 9 In Great Britain supermarkets sometimes sell top brands below cost as …. 10 Trained staff is trying... customers to spend far more.