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Продуктивные суффиксы современного английского языка
Исконные
суффикс
| значение
| валентность
| стилистическая
окраска
| -dom
noun-forming
| the state of being ─ freedom)
the rank of a ─ (dukedom)
an area ruled by a ─ (kingdom)
collectivity (yuppiedom, officialdom)
| adj-stems
noun-stems
noun-stems
noun-stems,
adj-stems
| neutral
neutral
neutral
informal
| -en
verb-forming
| the idea of making into or making like (brighten)
| adj-stems
| neutral
| -er
noun-forming
| the agent of the action (dancer)
the object of the action (lander)
| verb-stems
noun-stems
| neutral
neutral
| -ful
adj-forming
| the idea of presence of some quality (powerful)
| noun-stems
| neutral
| -hood
noun-forming
| state, condition, quality, character (childhood)
| noun-stems
| neutral
| -ie/-y
noun-forming
| the idea of diminutiveness (birdie)
| noun-stems
| evaluative
| -ing
noun-forming
| action, process (learning)
| verb-stems
| neutral
| -ish
adj-forming
| the idea of being similar to
the idea of depreciatory meaning (childish, snobbish)
| adj-stems
noun-stems
| neutral
evaluative
| -less
adj-forming
| the idea of absence of some quality (senseless)
| noun-stems
| neutral
| -like
adj-forming
| the idea of being similar to,
characteristic of (businesslike)
| noun-stems
| neutral
| -ling
noun-forming
| the idea of diminutiveness, depreciation (duckling)
| noun-stems
| evaluative
| -ly
adj-forming
adv-forming
| the idea of having the manner of, the characteristic of (friendly, cleverly)
every (weekly)
| noun-stems
adj-stems
| neutral
| -ness
noun-forming
| state, condition, quality, degree (kindness, forgiveness)
| adj-stems
verb-stems
| neutral
| -ship
noun-forming
| position, state, condition (friendship)
| noun-stems
| neutral
| -ster
noun-forming
| orig. the female agent (spinster)
the idea of a person with often a depreciatory meaning (gangster, youngster)
|
noun-stems
adj-stems
|
derogatory
| -wise
adv-forming
| the way, manner (clockwise, fashionwise)
| noun-stems
| neutral
| -y
adj-forming
| full of, characterized by, having (dirty, sleepy, wintry)
| noun-stems
| neutral
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Заимствованные
суффикс
| значение
| валентность
| стилистическая
окраска,
этимология
| -able
adj-forming
| the idea of ability of the action (washable, saleable)
| verb-stems
noun-stems
| neutral
Romanic
| -al
adj-forming
| the idea of being the kind of, pertaining to (comical)
| noun-stems
| neutral
Romanic
| -an/-ian/-ean
adj-forming
| belonging or pertaining to (American)
| noun-stems
| neutral
Romanic
| -ation/-tion/
-ion
noun-forming
| action, state, concrete instance or result (combination, completion, election)
| verb-stems
| neutral
Romanic
| -ee
noun-forming
| the object of the action (trainee)
| verb-stems
| neutral
Romanic
| -eer
noun-forming
| the agent of the action (auctioneer, profiteer, racketeer)
| noun-stems
| oft. derogatory
Romanic
| -ery/-ry
noun-forming
| collectivity, state, condition (machinery, poetry)
| noun-stems
| neutral
Romanic
| -ese
noun-forming
adjective-forming
| people or language belonging to the country (journalese, officialese, Japanese, Viennese)
| noun-stems
| neutral,
Romanic
| -ess
noun-forming
| the idea of feminine derivatives (poetess)
| noun-stems
| neutral
Romanic
| -ette
noun-forming
| diminutive meaning (kitchenette)
female agent of the action (usherette)
imitation (leatherette)
| noun-stems
noun-stems
noun-stems
| neutral
Romanic
| -ics
noun-forming
| art or science (mathematics)
| noun-stems
| neutral
Greek
| -ify/-fy
verb-forming
| to make or become, to bring to a certain state (purify, terrify, intensify)
| adj-stems
noun-stems
| neutral
Romanic
| -ise/-ize
verb-forming
| to make, to cause to be, to become (modernize)
| noun-stems
adj-stems
| neutral
Greek
| -ism
noun-forming
| the idea of system, trend, theory, movement (criticism)
| noun-stems
| neutral
Greek
| -ist
noun-forming
| the idea of a person advocating a doctrine, system (linguist)
| adj-stems
| neutral
Greek
| -ite
noun-forming
| the idea of a supporter, follower (Thatcherite)
| noun-stems
| neutral
Romanic
| -ity/-ty
noun-forming
| quality, state, condition (regularity, stupidity, liberty)
| adj-stems
| neutral
Romanic
| -let
noun-forming
| the idea of diminutiveness
(booklet)
| noun-stems
| neutral
Romanic
| -ment
noun-forming
| state, quality, condition, action, process (government)
| verb-stems
adj-stems
| neutral
Romanic
| -nik
noun-forming
| a person who is connected with or keen on (computernik)
| noun-stems
| informal
Russian
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