Ex. 1. Read the following words and translate them into Russian.

Criminal, personal, illegal, part, element, sanction, detail, central, institution, vandalism, control, social, definition, political, serious.

 

Ex. 2. Find the synonyms.

 

Conduct, offence, jail, ownership, penalty, prison, crime, behaviour, illegal, criminal, offender, punishment, property, outlawed.

 

Ex. 3. Change the verb phrases to noun phrases.

 

To protect society from various crimes, to prevent the crime to society, to identify prescribed sanctions, to define the criminal law, to violate criminal law, to provide the social control, to specify outlawed act, to prescribe sanctions for punishment, to classify illegal conduct.

 

Ex. 4. Add the necessary words into the sentences.

 

1. Criminal law is …

2. The central purpose of criminal law is …

3. Crime is …

4. Crimes are classified as …

5. Felonies are those crimes for which … may be imposed and for misdemeanours may be imposed …

 

Ex. 5. Read these sentences and find wrong statements.

1. Criminal law provides social control for society.

2. Crime is a legal conduct.

3. Felonies are less serious crimes than misdemeanours.

4. Theft of personal property is a violation of criminal law.

5. There are no distinctions between felonies and misdemeanours.

6. Death sentence may be imposed for felonies.

7. Criminal law does not provide punishment for outlawed act.

8. The central purpose of criminal law is to protect society and its members.

 

 

Ex. 6. Give the Russian equivalents for the following words and word-combinations.

 

1. Robber – a person who steals some things from a person or place.

2. Thief – a person who steals some things from a person or place secretly without any kind of violence.

3. Shop-lifter – a person who steals food or clothes from the shops.

4. Pick-pocket – a person who steals money or purses out of people’s pockets in all kinds of vehicles or in a crowded streets.

5. Kidnapper – a person who takes away children by violence to demand money for them.

6. Murderer – a person who kills somebody.

7. Drug dealer – a person who buys and sells drugs to other people illegally.

 

Ex. 7. Put the words given in Ex. 6. into the sentences.

 

1. A lot of money was stolen from the central bank by …

2. Last week the famous … took a box of precious things from the jeweller’s shop.

3. … has broken the window of the expensive car and stolen the tape-recorder.

4. Police arrested … selling drugs in a disco-club.

5. The rich man’s child was taken away by…

6. Police found …, who had killed three persons.

7. … stole all money and credit cards from my friend’s pocket in the crowded bus.

Ex. 8. Translate the following sentences.

 

1. Criminal law as well as other laws provides social control for society.

2. Both the policeman and the criminal were armed well.

3. The Queen does not take part in politics, but the country is governed in her name.

4. We could find him neither at the institute nor at home.

5. We will either be going to the theatre or the cinema.

6. Because of the Bill of Rights, police can not stop and search or arrest a person without good reason, nor can they search anyone’s home without clear cause and the permission of a court.

7. Trial courts listen to testimony, consider evidence and decide the facts in disputed situations.

8. You must hurry or you will be late.

 

Ex. 9. Answer the following questions.

 

1. What is criminal law concerned with?

2. What are the basic elements of criminal law?

3. What is the main purpose of criminal law?

4. What does criminal law provide?

5. What is crime?

6. What does criminal law presume?

7. How are crimes classified by the justice systems?

8. What is felony?

9. What is misdemeanour?

Unit 11

	Topic: Investigation.
	Grammar: Сложноподчиненное предложение

 

INVESTIGATION

 

A criminal investigator is a person who collects facts to accom­plish a threefold aim: to identify and locate the guilty party and to present evidence of his guilt.

The investigation process includes information, interrogation and instrumentation. By applying them in varying proportions the investiga­tor gathers the facts which are necessary to establish the guilt of the accused in a criminal trial.

Most crimes can be solved. The investigation will be considered successful if the available physical evidence was completely handled, the witnesses intelligently interviewed, the suspect ef­fectively interrogated, all logical leads properly developed, and the case comprehensively, clearly, and accurately reported.

Information means the knowledge which the investigator gathers from other persons. The first type of information is acquired from regular sources such as conscientious citizens, company records, and the files of other agencies. The second type is the knowledge which the experienced investigator gathers from cultivated sources such as paid informants, bartenders, cab drivers, former criminals or acquaintances.

Interrogation includes the skilful questioning of witnesses as well as suspects. The success of interrogation depends on the craft, logic and psychological insight with which the investigator questions a person who is in possession of information relevant to the case.

Instrumentation means applica­tion of the instruments and methods of the physical sciences to the detection of crime. Physics, for example, offers such aids as microscopy, photography, and the optical methods of analysis. The role of chemistry is well known. Biology and pathology are parti­cularly important in crimes of physical violence. The sum of these sciences insofar as they are applied to crime detection is called criminalistics. Their utility is associated with physical evidence.

According to the aims the investigation may be divided into three pha­ses: 1) the criminal is identified; 2) he is traced and located; and 3) the facts proving his guilt are gathered for court presentation.

 

Vocabulary

 

to accomplish	-	совершать, достигать
threefold	-	тройной
guilt	-	вина, виновность
guilty	-	виновный, преступный
evidence	-	основание; улика, свидетельское показание
interrogation	-	вопрос, допрос
application	-	заявление, применение
trial	-	судебное разбирательство, судеб-ный процесс
witness	-	очевидец, свидетель
suspect	-	подозреваемый, подозрительный
to suspect	-	подозревать
to prove	-	доказывать
conscientious	-	добросовестный, сознательный, честный
informant	-	осведомитель, доносчик
insight	-	проницательность, интуиция
possession	-	владение
cultivated sources	-	отработанные источники