Citing Sources Using MLA or APA

 

Some Popular Sources Referenced in MLA & APA Formats:

If you are in any English related field or teaching fields, other than sciences, most likely you would use the Modern Language Association (MLA) format. If you are in Nursing, or any science related field, you would most likely use the American Psychology Association (APA) format.

How to cite sources
Book with one author	MLA	Bailer, Darice. The Greatest Women in Sports. New York: Random House, 2001.
APA	Bailer, D. (2001). The greatest women in sports. New York: Random House.
Book with more than one author	MLA	Shelden, Randall G., Sharon K. Tracy, and William B. Brown. Youth Gangs in American Society. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Thomson Learning, 2001.
APA	Shelden, R. G., Tracy, S. K., & Brown, W.B. (2001). Youth gangs in American society. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Thomson Learning.
Magazine or newspaper article	MLA	Scott, A.O. "The Re-education of Anchee Min." The New York Times Magazine 18 June 2000: 44-47.
APA	Scott, A.O. (2000, June 18). The re-education of Anchee Min. The New York Times Magazine, pp. 44-47.
Scholarly journal article	MLA	Carliner, Saul. "Taking Cues from the Culture." Journal of Business & Technical Communication 14 (2000): 264-289.
APA	Carliner, S. (2000). Taking cues from the culture. Journal of Business & Technical Communication, 14, 264-289.
Article with no author listed	MLA	"Wireless Worries." Time 31 July 2000: 68.
APA	Wireless worries. (2000, July 31). Time, 68.
Article reproduced in CD-ROM database	MLA	Chambers, Veronica. "The Secret Latina." Essence July 2000 (p. 102 in original publication). EBSCO Host CD-ROM database. Retrieved 20 Jan. 2001.
APA	Chambers, V. (2000, July). The secret Latina. Essence (p. 102 in original publication). Retrieved January 20, 2001 from EBSCO Host CD-ROM database.
Article reproduced on Internet	MLA	Fritsch, Jane. "Evidence of Innocence Can Come Too Late for Freedom." The New York Times 30 July 2000 (p. WK-3 in original publication). Available on Internet (www.nytimes.com). Retrieved 4 Feb. 2001.
APA	Fritsch, J. (2000, July 30). Evidence of innocence can come too late for freedom. The New York Times (p. WK-3 in original publication). Retrieved Feb 4, 2001 from World Wide Web (www.nytimes.com).
Web document with author listed	MLA	Clark, Jessica. "Access to Usable Water: A Growing Global Concern." Britannica (Internet site at www.britannica.com). Retrieved 14 Feb. 2001.
APA	Clark, J. Access to usable water: a growing global concern. Britannica. Retrieved February 14, 2001 from World Wide Web (www.britannica.com).
Web document with no author listed	MLA	"Workplace Wellness." Women Connect (Internet site at www.womenconnect.com). Retrieved 12 May 2001.
APA	Workplace wellness. Women Connect. Retrieved May 12, 2001 from World Wide Web (www.womenconnect.com).
Newsgroup posting	MLA	Sobol, Steve. "Cell Phone Rudeness Backlash." Online posting: alt.cellular (2 Aug. 2000). Retrieved on Deja.com (www.deja.com) 5 Feb. 2001.
APA	Sobol, S. (2000, August 2). Cell phone rudeness backlash. Online posting (alt.cellular). Retrieved February 5, 2001 on World Wide Web (www.deja.com).
E-mail	MLA	Gomez, Maria, curator, Brookridge Museum of Art. "Pre-Columbian Art." E-mail to Natalie Pellegrino. 14 Aug. 2000.
APA	Gomez, M., curator, Brookridge Museum of Art. (2000, August 14). Pre-Columbian art. E-mail to Natalie Pellegrino.
Interview	MLA	Ahmed, Helen, M.D., pediatrician. Personal interview. 3 Aug. 2000.
APA	Ahmed, H., M.D., pediatrician. (2000, August 3). Personal interview.
TV program	MLA	Diaz, Arnold, narrator. "Safe Shopping Online." 20/20. ABC News. 2 Aug. 2000.
APA	Diaz, A., narrator. (2000, August 2). Safe shopping online. 20/20. ABC News
Video recording	MLA	Kelby, Scott. Photoshop for Beginners. Videocassette. New York: KW Computer Training, 2000.
APA	Kelby, S. (2000). Photoshop for beginners [videocassette]. New York: KW Computer Training.
For situations not covered here, see MLA and APA style guides at The Noodle Bibliography Site - Where you can type your source info into a form and it will give you the correct MLA citation format for the source. You can also find more examples of how to cite web sources at: Citing WWW Sources page.

 

Informative speech topics

 

 

Health and Longevity	Healthy Eating Just how long do we expect to live? Genetic modification Guide dogs for the blind Socializing Healthcare Good remedies for bad colds Coping with depression How to get a good night’s sleep How to prevent cancer Anorexia nervosa First aid for choking victims X-rays
Environment	The impact of flooding How to escape the earth's gravity Toxic wastes
IT technologies	21 things to do with your internet connection Is Open Office better than Microsoft Office? Top Internet searches Spam & junk e-mail
Law	Money Laundering The race for the White House How lie detectors work Who says that crime doesn't pay? Women’s rights Teenage crime
Business	Motivating people in boring jobs Why businesses fail Test marketing your idea 10 easy marketing ideas Time management for dummies Emotional Intelligence The One Minute Manager Equal Opportunities Creative Accounting Selling myself in an interview How cheap will PCs become? Making a living will How to find a good job Easy ways to make money How much do we need to save? Globalization How to get a good job How to get a raise How to earn $1,000 a month in your spare time The fine art of haggling at a flea market Taxes
Nature	Wolves in the living room - how the wolf evolved into of the domestic dog The secret life of an eel Is an owl really wise? A day in the life of a Beluga Whale Why Dolphins jump out of the water Cats and lions - how do they compare?
History	The six wives of Henry 8th The spanish civil war The rise of Nazism Decline and fall of the Roman Empire 1066 and all that The Gettysburg address Roman military hardware The telegraph: the 'internet' of the 19th Century Who invented the internet?
Recreation	My dream holiday (e.g. Walking a donkey in Ireland) The best restaurants in town The best carnivals–from New Orleans to Rio Touring Europe on a bicycle Hang-gliding Unsung but fabulous movies Walking trips in Great Britain and Ireland
Sport	Using a mountain bike for transportation and exercise–Brian Bartlett The basics of the water sport called windsurfing–Benjamin Lunsford
Topics Based on Students’ Own Lives	Marriage customs and traditions for couples in India–Preeti Vilkhu The advantages of home fitness equipment over membership in a spa or gym–Dawn Lajoie How to survive if stranded in the wilderness–Ryan Banning, rescue worker The history of surfing The satisfactions of growing a flower garden–Ann Hensley Calligraphy–a relaxing, inexpensive hobby–Sherry Boles How to make one of Spain's favorite dishes–Rebecca Ramirez How to make and use dandelion oil to relieve physical ailments–Jennifer Delerme The stress and joys of working in a high-volume restaurant–Kirk Dockery Training for and competing in bicycle races–Chad Schoenauer Surviving a triple-trauma car accident–Pam Browning How to keep a car in good running condition–Michele Jolley How to travel abroad on limited means–Ray Houston Collecting sports cards as a financial investment–Jeff Earwood Rock collecting as a hobby–Dwight Dabbs The value of yoga–Eric Sarratt An explanation of cerebral palsy–Lola Shelton Rock climbing as a safe sport–Chris Williams A demonstration of Korean Taekwondo karate–Maureen Tener How to buy a used car–Ken Owenby
Adventure	Giving birth the Lamaze way Surviving a tornado Enduring boot camp in the military Confronting a mugger Shooting the rapids of a wild river Immigrating to the United States
Psychology	Finding a creative hobby Ingredients for a happy marriage How to win friends Finding fulfillment through volunteer work Overcoming shyness

 

 

Plagiarism Policy on Originality of Student Work – Turn in this copy!

 

 

All written and/or oral work submitted for credit must be the product of each student’s individual effort. The learning process involves making one’s own mistakes, then discovering the principles involved as well as ways to avoid similar mistakes in the future. As part of the process of preparing a piece of original work for final evaluation:

 

 

· it is acceptable to receive informal assistance, such as asking another student to review your work and make constructive suggestions about its structure and/or content; proofread a paper for typographical errors; or time a speech to ensure that it conforms to limits set for formal presentation.

 

· it is unacceptable to receive any substantive help, such as having another person write or rewrite your paper or speech or to collaborate with someone (share information, outlines, or other research) on your paper or speech. When you receive such help, you are engaging in academic misconduct.

 

In the Sixth Edition of his book, The Art of Public Speaking, Stephen Lucas provides an excellent description of plagiarism: “Plagiarism comes from plagiarius, the Latin word for kidnapper” (p. 43). Plagiarism occurs when you sue all or part of another person’s work or paraphrase part of that work, as your own.

 

Lucas describes the following three common types of plagiarism:

 

 

· Global plagiarism is “stealing your speech or paper entirely from another source and passing it off as your own. The most blatant - and unforgivable - kind of plagiarism, it is grossly unethical” (p. 43).

 

· Patchwork plagiarism occurs when a writer or speaker essentially copies the work word-for-word from a few sources. It is no less plagiarism than copying a work from a single source (p. 45). If in that sixth grade paper or speech, you copied large sections of a report on the civil war from two encyclopedias and one or two books, you engaged in patchwork plagiarism. It is a cut-and-paste job of ideas and words that are not your own. Using a wide variety of research material will help you avoid patchwork plagiarism.

 

· Incremental plagiarism occurs when the writer or speaker fails to give credit for specific parts or “increments” of the paper or speech that are borrowed form other sources (p. 46). For examples, when you quote or paraphrase sources, be sure to give credit to the original source. When in doubt, cite your sources!! You’ll be glad you did.

 

To summarize, common cases of academic misconduct relating to cheating or plagiarizing include, but are not limited to:

 

· representing another’s work as your own. For example, copying – completely or partially – a published work without giving credit to the author, or copying – completely or partially – a speech, outline, paper, or exam.

 

· sharing your work with another person. For example, lending or otherwise supplying another person with your homework assignments or graded assignments, or collaborating on assignments that were to be the product of your individual effort.

 

Students who find themselves in a “time crunch” may be tempted to engage in plagiarism. To avoid this unfortunate situation, start your work early, research thoroughly, use a wide variety of sources, and properly cite your sources.

I have read the information presented on this page and I understand what constitutes plagiarism.

 

 

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