Match English and Russian words.

1) in order to 2) exploration 3) to establish 4) impossible 5) region 6) evaluation 7) prospect 8) favorable 9) carefully 10) importance 11) amount 12) target 13) to acquire 14) technique

a. оценка b. устанавливать c. район d. для того, чтобы e. разведать f. подходящий g. важность h. количество i. цель j. приобретать k. способ, метод l. невозможный m. тщательно n. исследование

Find 5 sentences presenting the main idea of the text.

Give a short summary of the text using the words in the box. You may also use the plan which is given below.

procedure company	exploration	deposit	detect	amount
program target	search	favorable	available	region
selection	sample	mineral	approach	feature
fundamental question	appraisal	area	geology	process

1. The text tells us about ________________.

2. The author points out _______________.

3. He believes ____________________.

4. In the second part of the text he continues _______________.

5. The author also gives the information about __________.

6. In conclusion, ________________.

 

Lesson VII

MINING

Lead-in

What is mining?

What has contributed to the better working conditions of miners?

What factors influence the choice of a mining method?

What is the difference between “development” and “production work”?

Vocabulary

1) ore extraction	- добыча руды
2) mineral-bearing	- содержащий минерал
3) occurrence	- местонахождение, залегание
4) mining	- горное дело
5) metallic mineral	- полезные рудные ископаемые
6) non-metallic mineral	- полезные нерудные ископаемые
7) coal	- (каменный) уголь
8) peat	- торф
9) oil shale	- нефтеносный сланец
10) hydrocarbons	- углеводороды
11) surface method	- наземный метод
12) underground method	- подземный метод
13) quarry	- карьер, открытая выработка
14) opencasts	- открытые горные выработки
15) open pit	- открытая разработка; карьер
16) mode of occurrence	- условия залегания
17) sought – for	- искомый
18) to govern	- определять, обусловливать
19) depth	- глубина
20) site	- место; местоположение, местонахождение
21) shallow	- поверхностный
22) massive	- плотный (однородного строения)
23) to excavate	- разрабатывать открытым способом
24) tabular	- пластовый
25) bed	- залежь
26) vein	- жила
27) mine working	- горная выработка
28) dimension	- размер
29) exploratory	- разведочный
30) productive	- продуктивный
31) useful mineral	- полезный минерал
32) capital investment	- капиталовложения
33) development work	- техническая/ технологическая разработка
34) production work	- выработка; производительность
35) to ensure	- гарантировать, обеспечивать
36) access	- доступ
37) (in) bulk	- масса, большое количество

Pay attention to the pronunciation of the following terms. Pronounce them.

[ai] mining, incline, either, drives

[e] tremendous, tendency dimensions, metal

[i] mineral, distance, driven, dimension, drift

[ǽ] tabular, capacity, extraction

[θ] earth, depth, length, method

Pay attention to the stress in the following words.

´mining	im´proving
´substance	ext´raction
di´mension	exploi´tation
´bearing	de´velopment

Read the text and fulfil the exercises.

MINING

Mining refers to ore extraction. Mining is the industrial process of removing a mineral-bearing substance from the place of its natural occurrence in the Earth’s crust. The term “ mining ” includes the recovery of oil and gas from wells; metal, non-metallic minerals, coal, peat, oil shale and other hydrocarbons from the earth.

Mining can be done either as a surface operation (quarries, opencasts or open pits) or by an underground method. The mode of occurrence of the sought-for metallic substance governs to a large degree the type of mining that is practiced. The problem of depth also affects the mining method. If the rock containing the metallic substance is at a shallow site and is massive, it may be economically excavated by a pit or quarry-like opening on the surface. If the metal-bearing mass is tabular, as a bed or vein, and goes to a great distance beneath the surface, then it will be worked by some method of underground mining. Working or exploiting the deposit means the extraction of mineral. Mine workings vary in shape, dimension s, location and function.

Depending on their function, mine workings are described as exploratory to find or prove mineral, and productive when used for the immediate extraction of useful mineral. Productive mining can be divided into capital investment work, development work, and face or production work. Investment work aims at ensuring access to the deposit from the surface. Development work prepares for the face work, and mineral is extracted (or produced) in bulk.