Young innovative companies and start-ups

 

Policy framework conditions are the most influential factor for a sustainable development of innovative young companies and start-ups. Only if such companies can operate in a beneficial environment and manage to establish themselves on the domestic market, they can become powerful enough to again shape those policies, relevant for them. This, on the whole, creates a circle of policy making and intervention. That is why authorities should make focused and sustained efforts to improve the legal environment for start-ups, SMEs and innovative young companies. Some call it the “chicken-egg-problem”, as a lack of innovation infrastructure or intermediaries can prevent new innovative companies from emerging, and at the same time the lack of new innovative young companies can limit the prospects for such infrastructure and intermediaries to be sustainable.²²⁷

 

In 2007 a law was introduced by the Ukrainian government aiming to promote the creation of spin-offs (independent small companies) by universities. Soon after the introduction of this law the economic crisis hit Ukraine in 2008/2009, causing a general cut in state budgets. Another official attempt to support the creation of new innovative companies are joint “business-start-up-centres”, which were launched as a programme by the government back in the 1990s and which ran until 2011.²²⁸ The creation of the first business-start-up-centres was stimulated with money from international donors, such as USAID or the

 

Open Society Foundations by George Soros. In 2003 the “Ukrainian Business Incubators and Innovation Centre Association“ (UBICA) was created. UBICA supported entrepreneurial development programmes with a focus on incubators, technology parks and other relevant infrastructures for innovation (among them, legislative framework for setting up start-up companies). Based on data available online, UBICA was running only from 2003 until 2005 though.²²⁹

 

Innovative companies and SMEs in general face particular difficulties when trying to raise finance, which remains a critical obstacle when starting a business. Support programmes for SMEs are very limited and there were no public interventions targeting start-ups in general in Ukraine until mid 2016. The limited public resources and previous unsuccessful attempts to stimulate innovation by offering financial incentives help in explaining the absence of financial mechanisms to encourage the development of innovative young enterprises. There is clear evidence that SMEs and start-ups in particular, have insufficient access to external financial resources due to the risk aversion of banks and limited presence of business angels and venture capitalists²³⁰ – a fact, which, apart from the lacking policy environment, could be seen as the second major problem for initiating the creation of start-ups in Ukraine. Additionally, bureaucracy is a more significant problem than in most transition countries, while bribery and the threat of competitors are lesser concerns for start-ups in Ukraine.²³¹

 

Despite this hindering policy environment, Ukraine has some entrepreneurial talent with a relatively strong individual risk-taking attitude. The question is, whether the talent available in the country reaches a critical mass to intervene in policy making for better supporting innovative entrepreneurship. One of the sectors where start-ups are most prevalent in Ukraine is the IT sector. As a sector, where mainly young educated people work in and which often has low entry costs, this is a beneficial precondition for the unfolding of entrepreneurial talents.

 

The incidence of successful business start-ups is driven by two factors: the proportion of the population attempting a start-up, and their likelihood of success. While the percentage of individuals starting an enterprise in the region’s transition countries does not differ significantly from advanced economies, the likelihood of success is markedly lower. The result is a generally lower incidence of successful start-ups in transition countries when compared to a Western European average of almost 16%. In Ukraine, only around 5% of all respondents reported having successfully set up a business, ranking 25^th among 29

 

 

227 UN, Innovation Performance Review Ukraine 2013, p.12

 

228 Breitfuss, Marinkovic, Machacova et al.: “Identifikation und Analyse der Forschungsprioritдten und der davon abgeleiteten FTE-Programme in Bosnien-Herzegowina, Mazedonien, Serbien, Tьrkei und Ukraine zur Ermittlung von Kooperationspotentialen fьr Forschung Austria Mitglieder“, Joanneum Research & ZSI – Centre for Social Innovation, Wien/Graz, 2011, p.79

 

229 Ibid., p.82

 

230 UN, Innovation Performance Review Ukraine 2013, p.80

 

231 See E. Nikolova, F. Ricka, D. Simroth (2012), Entrepreneurship in the transition region: an analysis based on the Life in Transition Survey, EBRD Working Paper No. 141, London, cited in: UN, Innovation Performance Review Ukraine 2013, p.80

 

countries.²³² Figure 35 below provides details on the share of respondents who successfully set up a business in Ukraine and selected other countries. When interpreting these figures it has to be noted, that the current Ukrainian legal framework facilitates entrepreneurs to register as individuals as opposed to companies, and so actual levels of successful “start-up” may be higher than the numbers would suggest.

 

 

Figure 35: Successful business start-ups (share of respondents in %); source = Snapshot from UN Innovation Performance Review Ukraine, 2013

 

Effective policy actions that would improve this low survival rate of start-ups in Ukraine would contribute to employment, diversification of the industrial structure and stimulation of competition. Regarding venture capital, the UN review on innovation in Ukraine makes some positive statement, in saying that Ukraine has an emerging venture capital scene, which indicates the presence of entrepreneurial opportunities in the country.²³³ Venture capital is an important ingredient of the innovation system.²³⁴ Still, the development of the venture capital industry requires the presence of other financial intermediaries and business services.

 

It also has to be noted, that a business environment conducive to a thriving market economy also needs to fight corruption and the oligarchic ownership and control structures. “No traditional STI policy initiative can expect to have a decisive impact on private sector R&D if the business environment remains largely hostile to the emergence of new enterprises and market-based challenges to existing power relations”

 

(UNESCO Science Report 2015, p. 29).

 

232 UN, Innovation Performance Review Ukraine 2013, p.75

 

233 Ibid., p.xvii

 

234 https://www.unido.org/uploads/tx_templavoila/Strategies_for_regional_innovation_systems.pdf: accessed on 3 May 2016.

 

CITED REFERENCES

 

BLACK SEA HORIZON (2016): “Analysis of Black Sea relevant data in PATSTAT”, Deliverable within

 

BLACK SEA HORIZON project, (DRAFT)

 

Breitfuss, Marinkovic, Machacova et al. (2011): “Identifikation und Analyse der Forschungsprioritдten und der davon abgeleiteten FTE-Programme in Bosnien-Herzegowina, Mazedonien, Serbien, Tьrkei und

 

Ukraine zur Ermittlung von Kooperationspotentialen fьr Forschung Austria Mitglieder“, Joanneum

 

Research & ZSI – Centre for Social Innovation, Wien/Graz

 

Buesel, K. et al. (2015): EU-Ukrainian co-publication analysis including emerging trends.url: http://www.bilat-ukraina.eu/_media/Deliverable_2.20_EU-Ukrainian_co-publication_analysis_including_emerging_trends_final_v07.pdf

 

Cornell University, INSEAD, and WIPO (2015): “The Global Innovation Index 2015: Effective Innovation Policies for Development”, Fontainebleau, Ithaca, and Geneva

 

Gryga Vitalii, Rybachuk Victor, Krasovska Olha (2014): Evaluation of R&D Institutions in Ukraine – The New Approach

 

Koval Olena, Yashenkov Vadym et al. (2012): “Overview of the internationalisation of Ukraine in RTDI including recent trends and developments”, Policy Brief in BILAT-UKR*AINA project

 

Lampert, D. et al (2015). Co-publication and co-patenting analysis among countries in the

 

Danube Region. url: http://danube- inco.net/object/document/15167/attach/Deliverable_4_16_Co-publication_and_co-patenting_analysis_among_countries_in_the_Danube_Region__final.pdf

 

Lubov Semiv, Hvozdovych Yulia (2012): „The intellectual migration of the youth in Ukraine: the backgrounds for brain circulation”, Journal of International Studies, Vol. 5, No. 2

 

Melnyk Olena, Koval Olena (2015): „Progress Report on monitoring of Ukraine participation in FP7 and

 

Horizon 2020, Deliverable 2.18 in BILAT-UKR*AINA project

 

Rathske Erich (2014): “Comparative Analysis of EU MS/AC policies and programmes towards Ukraine”,

 

Deliverable 1.5 in the frame of BILAT-UKR*AINA project

 

Schwab Klaus (2015): „The global competitiveness report 2015-2016”, Insight Report by World Economic

 

Forum

 

SCImago (2007). SJR — SCImago Journal & Country Rank. Retrieved April 21, 2015, from http://www.scimagojr.com

 

Self-assessment report (2016): Scientific and technological sphere of Ukraine, MESU

 

The Science-Metrix Ontology of Science and the Ontology of Scientific Journals are products of Eric Archambault und Olivier H. Beauchesne, Science-Metrix, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. First published 2010-12-01 (v1.00). We thank the developers and translators of this three-level classification system.www.science-metrix.com

 

UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS): What do bibliometric indicators tell us about world scientific output? IN: UIS Bulletin on Science and Technology Statistics, No 2, September 2005 [online available at www.csiic.ca/PDF/UIS_bulletin_sept2005_EN.pdf ]

 

United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) (2013): “Innovation Performance Review Ukraine”, New York and Geneva

 

Yegorov, Igor (2015): Nauka i Naukovedenie (Science and Science of Science), N.2 (88), p.12-20

 

Yegorov, Igor (2013): „Erawatch Country Reports 2012: Ukraine“, ERAWATCH Network – Centre for S&T Potential and Science History Studies of the National Academy of Sciences Ukraine

 

 

Online sources:

 

BILAT-UKR*AINA Project: http://www.bilat.eu/235.php?country=UA&programme_type=any&thematic_area=any&textsearch=&submit=Search (16.04.2016)

 

INCREAST Portal: Country Report Ukraine: http://www.increast.eu/en/139.php (16.4.2016)

 

UNESCO Science report towards 2030 (2015):

 

http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0023/002354/235406e.pdf (5.4.2016) UNECE:

 

Law of Ukraine on Scientific and Scientific Technical Activities 2015 (in Ukrainian):

 

http://zakon3.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/848-19 (10.4.2016)

 

Law of Ukraine on Innovation (1993/2003). Link:

 

http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text.jsp?file_id=182883 (EN- summary);

 

http://zakon5.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/3689-12 (UA) (10.4.2016)

 

Laws and Decrees of Ukraine related to RTDI (available only in the Ukrainian language): http://zakon5.rada.gov.ua (10.4.2016)

 

President of Ukraine: http://www.president.gov.ua/en/ (18.4.2016)

 

Ukrainian Parliament: http://gapp.rada.gov.ua/radatransl/Home/Committees/en (20.4.2016)

 

Government of Ukraine (EN): http://www.kmu.gov.ua/control/en/publish/article?art_id=247077686&cat_id=247605901 (20.4.2016)

 

List of Universities in Ukraine: https://study-inukraine.com/Universities-in-Ukraine.html (5.4.2016) List of NCPs and RCPs: http://www.bilat-ukraina.eu/en/393.php#RCP (20.4.2016)

 

UNECE “Innovation Performance Review: Ukraine”: https://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/ceci/publications/icp7.pdf (15.4.2016)

 

European Union External Action Service - EU-Ukraine Association Agreement:

 

http://eeas.europa.eu/top_stories/2012/140912_ukraine_en.htm (29.04.2016)

 

European Union External Action Service - Fact Sheet: http://eeas.europa.eu/top_stories/pdf/the-eu-non-recognition-policy-for-crimea-and-sevastopol-fact-sheet.pdf (02.05.2016)

 

ILO – Ukraine: http://www.ilo.org/gateway/faces/home/ctryHome?locale=EN&countryCode=UKR&_adf.ctrl-state=h9pfn6wss_38 (04.05.2016)

 

CIA – The World Factbook Ukraine: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/up.html (04.05.2016)

 

Research Infrastructure Observatory: http://observatory.rich2020.eu/rich/countries/view/Ukraine (04.05.2016)

 

Transparency International – Corruption Index Ukraine: https://www.transparency.org/country/#UKR (04.05.2016)

 

United Nations: http://www.un.org/press/en/2014/ga11493.doc.htm (02.05.2016)

 

UNDP – Human Development Index: http://hdr.undp.org/en/composite/HDI (04.05.2016)

 

World Bank - Data on Ukraine: http://data.worldbank.org/country/ukraine (02.05.2016)

 

UN Statistics Division: http://unstats.un.org/unsd/cr/registry/regcst.asp?Cl=27 (02.05.2016)

 

European Patent Office (EPO) – IP rights in the EU: http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/intellectual-property/docs/joint-report-epo-ohim-final-version_en.pdf (02.05.2016)

 

EPO – Online patent database: https://data.epo.org/expert-services/index-2-2-6.html (03.05.2016)

 

World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO) – The International Trademark System: http://www.wipo.int/madrid/en/ (02.05.2016)

 

WIPO–The International Patent System: http://www.wipo.int/pct/en/ (02.05.2016)

 

WIPO - http://www.wipo.int/ipstats/en/statistics/country_profile/profile.jsp?code=UA (02.05.2016)

 

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) – World Investment Report 2012: http://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/wir2012_embargoed_en.pdf (02.05.2016)

 

 

United Nations Industrial Development Organisation – Strategies for Regional Innovation Systems: https://www.unido.org/uploads/tx_templavoila/Strategies_for_regional_innovation_systems.pdf(02.05.2016)

 

Rating and Investment Information – News release on Ukraine: https://www.r-i.co.jp/eng/body/cfp/news_release_A/2016/01/news_release_2016-A-0012_01.pdf (02.05.2016)

 

Reuters – IMF and Ukraine: http://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-imf-budget-idUSKBN0U10OE20151218 (03.05.2016)

 

The Economist – Ukraine gas crisis 2009: http://www.economist.com/news/briefing/21600111-reducing-europes-dependence-russian-gas-possiblebut-it-will-take-time-money-and-sustained (04.05.2016)

 

World Bank Group–Doing Business Report: http://www.doingbusiness.org/rankings (03.05.2016) EC – European Research Area: http://ec.europa.eu/research/era/index_en.htm (03.05.2016)

EC–HORIZON 2020: https://ec.europa.eu/programmes/horizon2020/ (03.05.2016)

 

EC–Innovation Union: http://ec.europa.eu/research/innovation-union/index_en.cfm (03.05.2016) EC – Erasmus Mundus Programe: http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/erasmus_mundus/ (03.05.2016)

 

EC–Tempus Programe: http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/tempus/ (03.05.2016)

 

Austria’s Cabinet of Ministries – Agreement on S&T-cooperation with Ukraine: http://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/BgblAuth/BGBLA_2004_III_135/COO_2026_100_2_147460.pdf(03.05.2016)

 

Ministry of Education and Research Germany - Agreement on S&T-cooperation with Ukraine: https://www.bmbf.de/de/ukraine-368.html (03.05.2016)

 

Ukrainian National Statistical Service – Migration in Ukraine in January 2016: https://ukrstat.org/operativ/operativ2016/ds/mr/mr_r/mr0116_r.html (03.05.2016)

 

State Intellectual Property Service of Ukraine: http://sips.gov.ua/en (03.05.2016) Ukrainian Intellectual Property Insitute: http://www.uipv.org/en/ (03.05.2016)

 

 

List of Figures:

 

 

FIGURE 1:	GLOBAL ECONOMIC FORECAST: GROWTH OF UKRAINE'S GDP IN 2015, 2016,
	2017, 2018; SOURCE = WORLD BANK OPEN ECONOMIC DATA...................................
FIGURE 2:	SOCIO-ECONOMIC TRENDS IN THE BLACK SEA COUNTRIES; SOURCE =
	SNAPSHOT OF UNESCO SCIENCE REPORT 2015...............................................................
FIGURE 3:	POPULATION PYRAMID FOR UKRAINE IN 2015; SOURCE = CIA (CENTRAL
	INTELLIGENCE AGENCY) WORLD FACTBOOK.....................................................................
FIGURE 4:	MOST PROBLEMATIC FACTORS FOR DOING BUSINESS IN UKRAINE; SOURCE =
	SCREENSHOT OF WEF GLOBAL COMPETITIVENESS REPORT 2015-2016...............
FIGURE 5:	PCT FILED PATENT APPLICATIONS IN UKRAINE AND SELECTED OTHER
	COUNTRIES FROM 2003-2013 (TECHNOLOGICAL SECTOR ONLY); SOURCE =
	BSH DELIVERABLE (DRAFT); SOURCE = BSH DELIVERABLE (DRAFT).....................
FIGURE 6:	UKRAINE’S IMPORT RATE OF GOODS AND SERVICES (ANNUAL GROWTH IN %);
	SOURCE = WORLD BANK OPEN ECONOMIC DATA...........................................................
FIGURE 7:	UKRAINE’S EXPORT RATE OF GOODS AND SERVICES AS COMPARED TO THE
	ANNUAL GDP (% OF GDP); SOURCE = WORLD BANK OPEN ECONOMIC DATA...
FIGURE 8:	ORGANOGRAM OF THE R&I SYSTEM IN UKRAINE............................................................
FIGURE 9:	GROSS DOMESTIC EXPENDITURE ON R&D (GERD) 2005 – 2014 (SOURCE =
	OECD).................................................................................................................................................
FIGURE 10:	PERCENTAGES OF R&D FUNDING BY FUNDING SOURCE..............................................
FIGURE 11:	FUNDING SOURCES FOR DIFFERENT FIELDS OF SCIENCE IN 2014.........................
FIGURE 12:	PERCENTAGE OF OTHER AND PRIVATE FUNDING OF UKRAINIAN R&D (2005-
	2015)..................................................................................................................................................
FIGURE 13:	SHARE (%) OF THE FOREIGN INVESTMENTS IN R&D IN UKRAINE (2005-2014) 31
FIGURE 14:	UKRAINE'S PUBLICATIONS, INTERNATIONAL CO-PUBLICATIONS AND EU28/AC
	CO-PUBLICATIONS (SOURCE = WOS+SCOPUS)..............................................................
FIGURE 15:	GROWTH RATES OVER TIME OF UKRAINIAN PUBLICATIONS, CO-PUBLICATIONS
	AND EU28/AC CO-PUBLICATIONS, 2003-2013 (SOURCE = WOS+SCOPUS)........
FIGURE 16:	20 MOST INVOLVED PARTNER COUNTRIES IN UKRAINE'S INTERNATIONAL CO-
	PUBLICATIONS, 2003-2013 (SOURCE = WOS+SCOPUS).............................................
FIGURE 17:	SALTON'S MEASURE FOR THE MOST ACTIVE UKRAINE-EU28/AC CO-
	PUBLICATION COUNTRY PAIRS, 2003-2013 (SOURCE = WOS+SCOPUS;
	SCIMAGOJR)....................................................................................................................................
FIGURE 18:	MOST IMPORTANT SCIENCE METRIX FIELDS IN UKRAINE'S (CO-)PUBLICATIONS,
	2003-2013 (SOURCE = WOS+SCOPUS)..............................................................................
FIGURE 19:	SPECIALIZATION INDEX (S.I.) FOR THE 20 SUBJECT AREAS UKRAINE HAS
	PUBLISHED MOST FREQUENTLY IN 2003-2013, (SOURCE = SCOPUS)...................
FIGURE 20:	10 MOST INVOLVED COUNTRIES IN UKRAINE'S BIOTECHNOLOGY CO-
	PUBLICATIONS AND THEIR AVERAGE CITATIONS, 2003-2013 (SOURCE =
	WOS+SCOPUS)..............................................................................................................................
FIGURE 21:	10 MOST INVOLVED COUNTRIES IN UKRAINE'S AEROSPACE & AERONAUTICS
	CO-PUBLICATIONS AND THEIR AVERAGE CITATIONS, 2003-2013 (SOURCE =
	WOS+SCOPUS)..............................................................................................................................
FIGURE 22:	10 MOST INVOLVED COUNTRIES IN UKRAINE'S NANOSCIENCE &
	NANOTECHNOLOGY CO-PUBLICATIONS AND THEIR AVERAGE CITATIONS, 2003-
	2013 (SOURCE = WOS+SCOPUS)..........................................................................................
FIGURE 23:	10 MOST INVOLVED COUNTRIES IN UKRAINE'S INFORMATION &
	COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES CO-PUBLICATIONS AND THEIR AVERAGE
	CITATIONS, 2003-2013 (SOURCE = WOS+SCOPUS).....................................................
FIGURE 24:	TOTAL NUMBER OF SIGNED FP7 GA: PROJECT COSTS, EC CONTRIBUTION
	(INCLUDING EC CONTRIBUTION TO PARTNERS FROM UKRAINE).............................
FIGURE 25:	SIGNED GA IN FP7 BY FUNDING INSTRUMENTS..............................................................
FIGURE 26:	DISTRIBUTION OF BUDGET IN FUNDED UA PROJECTS IN HORIZON 2020...........
FIGURE 27:	SUCCESS RATE OF SUBMITTED UA PROPOSALS BY HORIZON 2020 PILLARS......

 

FIGURE 28:	NUMBER OF PROJECTS JOINTLY SUPPORTED BY NASU AND RESEARCH AND/OR
	FUNDING BODIES IN SELECTED EU MS/AC AND OTHER COUNTRIES; SOURCE =
	BILAT-UKR*AINA DELIVERABLE, P.15...................................................................................
FIGURE 29:	UKRAINE'S INDUSTRY ENTERPRISES CONDUCTING INNOVATIVE ACTIVITIES,
	SHARE IN % OF TOTAL NUMBER OF ENTERPRISES; SOURCE = SELF-
	ASSESSMENT REPORT: SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL SPHERE OF UKRAINE,
	MESU..................................................................................................................................................
FIGURE 30:	INNOVATION FUNDING IN UKRAINE IN 2014, DISTRIBUTED TO INDUSTRIAL
	SECTORS AND GIVEN IN % SHARE OF TOTAL INNOVATION FUNDING; SOURCE
	= SELF-ASSESSMENT REPORT: SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL SPHERE OF
	UKRAINE, MESU.............................................................................................................................
FIGURE 31:	TOTAL NUMBER OF PATENT APPLICATIONS (IN THSD.) IN UKRAINE FROM 2000
	- 2014; SOURCE = WIPO (WORLD INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ORGANISATION). 66
FIGURE 32:	TOTAL NUMBER OF NATIONALLY FILED PATENT APPLICATIONS WORLDWIDE BY
	UKRAINE-BASED INVENTORS FROM 2003-2013; SOURCE = PATSTAT BY EPO
	(EUROPEAN PATENT OFFICE)....................................................................................................
FIGURE 33:	TOTAL NUMBER OF NATIONALLY FILED PATENT APPLICATIONS IN RUSSIA AND
	UKRAINE ONLY BY UKRAINE-BASED INVENTORS FROM 2003-2013; SOURCE =
	PATSTAT BY EPO............................................................................................................................
FIGURE 34:	NUMBER OF PCT PATENT APPLICATIONS BY UA-BASED INVENTORS FROM 2003
	TO 2013, DISTRIBUTED BY COUNTRIES; SOURCE = PATSTAT BY EPO..................
FIGURE 35:	SUCCESSFUL BUSINESS START-UPS (SHARE OF RESPONDENTS IN %); SOURCE
	= SNAPSHOT FROM UN INNOVATION PERFORMANCE REVIEW UKRAINE, 2013.. 70
List of Tables:
TABLE 1:	UKRAINE'S RANKING IN THE GLOBAL COMPETITIVENESS INDEX FROM 2012 TO
	2016; SOURCE = WORLD ECONOMIC FORUM'S (WEF) GLOBAL
	COMPETITIVENESS REPORT 2015-2016...............................................................................
TABLE 2:	UKRAINE'S LEVEL OF TECHNOLOGICAL READINESS, GIVEN BY STIPULATED
	INDICATORS; SOURCE = WEF GLOBAL COMPETITIVENESS REPORTS 2012 TO
	2016....................................................................................................................................................
TABLE 3:	NATIONAL FILED PATENT APPLICATIONS IN UKRAINE AND SELECTED OTHER
	COUNTRIES FROM 2003-2013 (TECHNOLOGICAL SECTOR ONLY); SOURCE =
	BSH DELIVERABLE (DRAFT)......................................................................................................
TABLE 4:	PCT FILED PATENT APPLICATIONS IN UKRAINE AND SELECTED OTHER
	COUNTRIES FROM 2003-2013 (TECHNOLOGICAL SECTOR ONLY); SOURCE =
	BSH DELIVERABLE (DRAFT)......................................................................................................
TABLE 5:	RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT EXPENDITURES IN UKRAINE (STATE BUDGET). 29
TABLE 6:	SCIENCE METRIX DOMAINS OF UKRAINIAN (CO-)PUBLICATIONS, 2003-2013
	(SOURCE = WOS+SCOPUS)......................................................................................................
TABLE 7:	TOTAL UA SUBMISSIONS IN HORIZON 2020 AND THEIR SUCCESS RATES..........
TABLE 8:	UKRAINE'S PERFORMANCE IN THE FIELD OF INNOVATION, GIVEN BY
	INDICATORS STIPULATED FOR THE FIELD; SOURCE = WEF GLOBAL
	COMPETITIVENESS REPORTS 2012 TO 2016.....................................................................
TABLE 9:	SPENDING ON INNOVATION IN UKRAINE, TOTAL NUMBERS AS % OF GDP AND
	PER SOURCE; SOURCE = SELF-ASSESSMENT REPORT: SCIENTIFIC AND
	TECHNOLOGICAL SPHERE OF UKRAINE, MESU.................................................................

 

 

ANNEXES

 

Annex 1

 

 

Year	UA publications	UA int. co-	UA-EU28/AC co-
		publications	publications
	7,257	2,279	1,563
	7,683	2,449	1,649
	8,232	2,627	1,745
	7,650	2,655	1,826
	7,890	2,855	1,964
	8,469	2,814	1,926
	8,302	2,870	1,883
	8,936	3,009	1,976
	9,364	3,272	2,172
	9,912	3,316	2,280
	10,440	3,549	2,394T

 

Development of Ukrainian publications/international co-publications(UA-EU28/AC co-publications, 2003-2013 (Source = WoS+Scopus)

 

 

Annex 2

 

 

Country	No. of co-	Average no. of	Average no. of
	publications with	countries involved	authors involved
	Ukraine
Germany	6,846	5.77	131.96
Russia	6,743	5.58	134.34
USA	6,684	5.79	135.71
Poland	4,872	6.48	178.93
France	3,780	7.87	227.68
Great Britain	3,176	9.02	273.59
Italy	2,359	11.65	373.93
Spain	1,917	13.20	451.15
Japan	1,448	6.53	82.05
Switzerland	1,327	15.94	631.09
South Korea	1,205	15.57	630.69
Czech Republic	1,185	14.00	520.41
Austria	1,166	14.50	595.03
Sweden	1,126	6.47	82.35
Netherlands	1,110	10.10	192.48
Belgium	1,095	15.77	624.42
Mexico	1,082	15.72	674.78
China	1,014	19.25	822.92
Finland		18.41	777.18
Canada		5.63	38.86

20 most involved countries in Ukraine’s international co-publications, 2003-2013 (Source = WoS+Scopus)

 

 

Annex 3

 

 

		Physics	&	Enabling	&	Engineering	Chemistry	Information &	Clinical	Mathematics	Biomedical	Earth	&	Economics	Biology
		Astronomy		Strategic				Communication	Medicine	& Statistics	Research	Environmental	& Business
				Technologies				Technologies				Sciences
UA		2,200		1,315
publications	in
UA		2,755		1,698		1,023		1,059
publications	in
Growth		25.23%		29.13%		6.23%	-3.12%	103.26%	118.52%	110.88%	34.31%	-14.58%		5450.00%	60.15%
UA+EU28/AC
co-
publications	in
UA+EU28/AC
co-
publications	in
Growth		22.85%		77.06%		93.65%	27.43%	476.47%	136.92%	84.52%	42.42%	27.45%		900.00%	125.00%

 

Annual output and growth from 2003 to 2013 in UA pubications and UA+EU/AC co-publications, 2003-2013 (Source = WoS+Scopus)

 

Annex 4

 

 

Science Metrix fields (most	UA-DE co-	share	UA-PL co-	share	UA-FR co-	share	UA-UK co-	share	UA-IT co-	share
important)	publications		publicatio		publications		publications		publications
			ns
Physics & Astronomy	3,629	53.40%	2,362	48.81%	1,858	49.52%	1,511	48.12%	1,474	63.26%
Chemistry		11.67%		10.95%		10.37%		5.35%		4.33%
Enabling & Strategic Technologies		9.71%		10.87%		10.71%		8.38%		5.97%
Clinical Medicine		5.86%		4.73%		7.04%		10.76%		8.03%
Mathematics & Statistics		4.68%		6.16%		3.28%		3.15%		4.51%
Engineering		3.94%		5.04%		3.68%		3.92%		3.05%
Biomedical Research		2.41%		3.70%		4.48%		6.53%		2.92%
Earth & Environmental Sciences		2.34%		2.15%		3.01%		2.45%		2.49%
Information & Communication		1.85%		1.90%		3.04%		3.09%		1.20%
Technologies
Biology		1.66%		2.09%		1.28%		2.64%		1.67%

 

Top 10 Science Metrix fields of the most involved EU28/AC partner countries in UA co-publications, 2003-2013, part 1 (Source = WoS+Scopus)

 

 

Science Metrix fields (most	UA-ES co-	share	UA-CH co-	share	UA-CZ co-	share	UA-AT co-	share	UA-SE co-	share
important)	publications		publications		publications		publicatio		publicatio
							ns		ns
Physics & Astronomy	1,226	64.59%		67.71%		62.27%		60.61		46.22
								%		%
Chemistry		3.58%		3.43%		5.03%		3.46%		4.36%
Enabling & Strategic Technologies		6.90%		6.78%		8.86%		7.27%		7.93%
Clinical Medicine		7.01%		7.24%		5.79%		8.83%		11.40
										%
Mathematics & Statistics		6.74%		2.36%		3.24%		4.94%		3.83%
Engineering		1.95%	--	--		2.30%		2.51%		2.94%
Biomedical Research		2.32%		2.59%		3.58%		1.90%		8.01%
Earth & Environmental Sciences		1.58%		1.60%		1.36%		3.72%		4.72%
Information & Communication	--	--		1.52%		1.36%	--	--	--	--
Technologies
Biology		1.69%		1.45%		3.58%		2.08%		2.49%

 

Top 10 Science Metrix fields of the most involved EU28/AC partner countries in UA co-publications, 2003-2013, part 2 (Source = WoS+Scopus)

 

 

	Annex 5
	Ukraine publications
	average citations per field
	2003-2013
Physics & Astronomy	5,72
Enabling & Strategic Technologies	2,52
Engineering	1,71
Information & Communication Tech	0,51
Chemistry	4,72
Clinical Medicine	5,51
Mathematics & Statistics	2,05
Biomedical Research	5,46
Economics & Business	0,51
Earth & Environmental Sciences	4,49
Biology	3,56
Social Sciences	0,85
Historical Studies	3,7
General Science & Technology	10,85

 

 

How to obtain EU publications

 

Free publications:

 

• one copy:

 

via EU Bookshop (http://bookshop.europa.eu);

 

• more than one copy or posters/maps:

 

from the European Union’s representations (http://ec.europa.eu/represent_en.htm); from the delegations in non-EU countries (http://eeas.europa.eu/delegations/index_en.htm); by contacting the Europe Direct service (http://europa.eu/europedirect/index_en.htm) or calling 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (freephone number from anywhere in the EU) (*).

 

(*) The information given is free, as are most calls (though some operators, phone boxes or hotels may charge you).

 

Priced publications:

 

• via EU Bookshop (http://bookshop.europa.eu).

KI-AX-16-002-EN-N

 

The Horizon 2020 Policy Support Facility (PSF) has been set up by the Directorate-General for Research & Innovation (DG RTD) of the European Commission under the EU

 

Framework Programme for Research & Innovation ‘Horizon 2020’.

 

It supports Member States and countries associated to Horizon 2020 in reforming their national science, technology and innovation systems.

 

This report summarises evidence on the situation in the field of science, technology and innovation (STI) in Ukraine and provides a background for the PSF Peer Review of

 

Ukraine’s research and innovation system, conducted in 2016 by a panel of independent experts and national peers.

 

 

Studies and reports

 

 

ISBN: 978-92-79-59353-6