Man’s achievements in social ralationships

Just as man had to cope with mysticism and dogma in his understanding of the physical world, similar stumbling blocks have stood in his path as he has attempted to deal with problems in social relationship. Unscientific observations and theories of the behavior of man are as rampant today as they were concerning the physical world in the medieval ages. Many falsely consider the behavior of man, his achievements as well as his problems, as a product of individual strength or perversity. The behavior who constitute problems to themselves and to others is falsely to individual biological weaknesses in inheritance, to feeblemindedness, to body type, or even to racial original, or is explained as the product of poverty or simply of the “moral” weakness of the individual.

Most people fail to realize that the scientific study of society, social behavior, and the social problems associated with them is fairly recent, though the basic discoveries which have culminated in the advances in the physical world go back many centuries. In fact, the basic knowledge for man’s dramatic control of physical phenomena, resulting in the discovery of atomic energy, is the outcome of mathematical and other learning accumulated over at least two thousand years. Until fifty to a hundred years ago scientific methods were applied for the most part to the physical world only, whereas human personality and group behavior were left chiefly to philosophical and moral speculation. Scientific efforts in the latter areas have required the development of concepts and research tools for the study of human behavior.

7. Письмово дайте відповіді на запитання до тексту:

1. How do people explain the behavior of a person who has social problems?

2. Is the scientific study of society fairy recent or does it go back many centuries?

3. Why have scientific effort required the development of cocepts and research tools for the study of human behavior?

Напишіть еквіваленти до поданих слів.

1. Поведінка;

2. Справлятися;

3. Помилково;

4. Слабка воля;

5. Індивідуальність;

6. Самі різні пороки та недоліки;

7. Спадщина;

8. Фізичне явище;

9. Расове походження;

10. Матеріальний світ.

ВАРІАНТ V

Перепишіть наступні речення та перекладіть їх на рідну мову, звертаючи увагу на різні значення слів.

1. This is a black pencil and that is a red one.

2. It’s high time ao start our cooperation.

3. One should take into consideration this point.

4. These are magazines and those are yours.

5. “I don’ think he is right.” That is what she said.

Перепишіть наступні речення, визначте в кожному з них час і стан дієслова-присудка. Перекладіть речення на рідну мову.

1. I watched television yesterday evening I haven’t watched this evening.

2. How long have you been writing this letter?

3. I’m not hungry. I’ve just had lunch.

4. Have you seen Ann recently?

5. Will you please be quiet?

3. Перепишіть наступні речення і перекладіть їх на рідну мову, пам’ятаючи про різні значення дієслів to be, to have, to do.

1. We are to meet at 5 o’clock.

2. I have to get up early on Mondays.

3. The goods had to be sent by airplane.

4. Do come tomorrow!

5. He ill have to do it.

Перепишіть наступні речення і перкладіть їх на рідну мову, зветвючи увагу на функцію інфінітиву, герундія і дієприкметника в реченні.

1. There is no hope of ourgetting a letter from him soon.

2. I hope to be sent to the coference.

3. I asked him to speak slowly.

4. Entering the room, she turned on the light.

5. The storm prevented the steamer from learning the port.

6. He has no desire to be appointed to this post.

7. She watched the children writing the dictation.

8. I stayed there to see what would happen.

Перепишіть наступні речення і перекладіть їх на рідну мову, звертаючи увагу, як в них передається наказ або прохання за опомогою дієслова to let.

1. Let him translate the letters from German into Russian.

2. Let them give the books to the library in time.

3. Please let us know when you’re coming.