What groups of Indians lived in North America?

Causes of Exploration

1.	In the 15^th century, powerful centralized states of England, France and Spain were established		New powerful monarchs tried to expand their territories and wealth through conquest
2.	In the 15^th century, Europe witnessed significant technological change		New navigational instruments were invented to enable seamen to cross oceans
3.	The printing press was invented in Germany in the 1450s		Newly printed books and accounts of voyages stimulated Europeans' curiosity about overseas countries

 

Motives for Exploration

1.	Popular accounts of voyages		European rules hoped to in-
	in the 15^th century described		crease their nations' wealth by
	the riches of the East: pepper,		establishing direct trade with
	silk, dyes, perfumes, jewels		the East
	and gold
2.	Catholic Church dominated		European explorers and co-
	European societies in the Mid-		lonizers wished to convert ot-
	dle Ages		her peoples to Christianity

 

Task 2. Fill in the table representing different types of the first European settlements in North America.

	Spanish	French	Dutch	English
Reasons for establishment	The motivations for colonial expansion were trade and the spread of the Catholic faith through indigenous conversions	to export products such as fish, sugar, and furs; to draw from the wealth of natural resources.	to exploit the North American fur trade; to find a north-east passage to Asia	to rival the Spanish American colonies in military and economic might
Type of settlement (model of colonization)	The invaders brought with them a labor system known as the encomienda, which had originally developed in Spain. Under this scheme, large New World land grants were made by the Crown to favored Spanish individuals. The grantees were responsible for the protection and Christian instruction of inhabitants of the lands, and those natives were required to pay tribute — often in the form of crops and labor — to the grantee.	The territory was divided into colonies, each with its own administration: Canada, Acadia, Newfoundland (Plaisance), and Louisiana	The Dutch encouraged a kind of feudal aristocracy over time, to attract settlers to the region of the Hudson River, in what became known as the system of the Charter of Freedoms and Exemptions. The earliest Dutch settlement was built around 1613, and consisted of a number of small huts built by the crew of the " Tijger "	Three types of colonies existed in the British Empire in America during the height of its power in the 18th century. These were charter colonies, proprietary colonies and royal colonies.
Main occupation of settlers	Trade&farming	Trade&farming	worked as farmers, fur traders, and builders.	growing and selling a new crop, tobacco.

Task 3. Answer the following questions.

Who were the Paleo-Indians?

Paleo-Indians, Paleoindians or Paleoamericans is a classification term given to the first peoples who entered, and subsequently inhabited, the Americas during the final glacial episodes of the late Pleistocene period.

Nomads, nomadic

a) nomadic are people who move from one place to another rather than

living in one place all of the time.

b) nomads tribes travel these regions with their camel herds.

Causes of Exploration

1.	In the 15^th century, powerful centralized states of England, France and Spain were established		New powerful monarchs tried to expand their territories and wealth through conquest
2.	In the 15^th century, Europe witnessed significant technological change		New navigational instruments were invented to enable seamen to cross oceans
3.	The printing press was invented in Germany in the 1450s		Newly printed books and accounts of voyages stimulated Europeans' curiosity about overseas countries

 

Motives for Exploration

1.	Popular accounts of voyages		European rules hoped to in-
	in the 15^th century described		crease their nations' wealth by
	the riches of the East: pepper,		establishing direct trade with
	silk, dyes, perfumes, jewels		the East
	and gold
2.	Catholic Church dominated		European explorers and co-
	European societies in the Mid-		lonizers wished to convert ot-
	dle Ages		her peoples to Christianity

 

Task 2. Fill in the table representing different types of the first European settlements in North America.

	Spanish	French	Dutch	English
Reasons for establishment	The motivations for colonial expansion were trade and the spread of the Catholic faith through indigenous conversions	to export products such as fish, sugar, and furs; to draw from the wealth of natural resources.	to exploit the North American fur trade; to find a north-east passage to Asia	to rival the Spanish American colonies in military and economic might
Type of settlement (model of colonization)	The invaders brought with them a labor system known as the encomienda, which had originally developed in Spain. Under this scheme, large New World land grants were made by the Crown to favored Spanish individuals. The grantees were responsible for the protection and Christian instruction of inhabitants of the lands, and those natives were required to pay tribute — often in the form of crops and labor — to the grantee.	The territory was divided into colonies, each with its own administration: Canada, Acadia, Newfoundland (Plaisance), and Louisiana	The Dutch encouraged a kind of feudal aristocracy over time, to attract settlers to the region of the Hudson River, in what became known as the system of the Charter of Freedoms and Exemptions. The earliest Dutch settlement was built around 1613, and consisted of a number of small huts built by the crew of the " Tijger "	Three types of colonies existed in the British Empire in America during the height of its power in the 18th century. These were charter colonies, proprietary colonies and royal colonies.
Main occupation of settlers	Trade&farming	Trade&farming	worked as farmers, fur traders, and builders.	growing and selling a new crop, tobacco.

Task 3. Answer the following questions.

Who were the Paleo-Indians?

Paleo-Indians, Paleoindians or Paleoamericans is a classification term given to the first peoples who entered, and subsequently inhabited, the Americas during the final glacial episodes of the late Pleistocene period.

What groups of Indians lived in North America?

There lived Cherokee, Creek, and Choc-taw in the Southeast, Iroquois Confederacy in Northeast. In general nearly 400 tribes lived in North America.

3.By whom was the "mother culture" of America created?

By Olmec civilization.

4.What were the other advanced early civilizations in America?

Aztec, Maya.