Seminars in English Lexicology

 

 

Минск 2009

УДК 811.111’373 (075.8)

ББК 81.432.1-923.133

П69

 

 

Р е к о м е н д о в а н о Редакционным советом Минского государственного лингвистического университета. Протокол № 3 (23) от 01.06.09 г.

 

 

А в т о р ы: З.А. Харитончик, В.Н. Винокурова, Н.А. Курило, А.А. Шавель

 

 

Р е ц е н з е н т ы: Л.М. Лещёва, доктор филологических наук, профессор (Институт государственного управления Академии управления при Президенте Республики Беларусь); С.Е. Олейник, кандидат филологических наук, доцент (МГЛУ)

 

Практикум по лексикологии английского языка = Seminars in

П69 English Lexicology / З.А. Харитончик [и др.]. – Минск: МГЛУ, 2009. –

92 с.

ISBN 978-985-460-336-0.

 

 

Настоящее издание представляет собой практически ориентированное пособие по лексикологии современного английского языка, разработанное в соответствии с учебной программой «Теория английского языка» для высших учебных заведений по специальности «Современные иностранные языки». В нем даются ключевые слова по каждой изучаемой теме, перечень проблемных вопросов для дискуссии, а также серии упражнений и заданий, направленных на более глубокое усвоение теоретических положений путем лингвистического анализа соответствующего языкового материала. Пособие включает также словарь лингвистических терминов, использованных в лексикологических работах, и ключи к заданиям и упражнениям.

Предназначено для студентов, изучающих лексикологию английского языка, и может быть использовано не только в данном курсе теории английского языка, но и при подготовке курсовых и дипломных работ, магистерских диссертаций.

 

 

УДК 811.111’373 (075.8)

ББК 81.432.1-923.133

 

 

ISBN 978-985-460-336-0 © УО « Минский государственный лингвистический университет», 2009

СONTENTS

 

 

Foreword.........................................................
List of Abbreviations...............................................
Topic 1. The English Vocabulary as the Object of Research................
Topic 2. TheEtymological Survey of the English Lexicon.................
Topic 3. Semantics (Semasiology)....................................
3.1. Meaning. Its Essence and Structure...........................
3.2. The Semantic Structure of the Word..........................
3.3. Homonymy..............................................
Topic 4. The Structure of the English Word.............................
4.1. The Morphemic Structure of the English Word..................
4.2. Word Formation..........................................
4.3. Major and Minor Ways of English Word Formation..............
4.3.1. Affixation...........................................
4.3.2. Conversion..........................................
4.3.3. Word Composition....................................
4.3.4. Minor Ways of English Word Formation..................
Topic 5. Word Combinability. English Phraseology.......................
5.1. Combinability of Words and Context.........................
5.2. English Phraseology.......................................
Topic 6. The Structure of the English Lexicon...........................
Topic 7. Variants and Dialects of the English Language...................
Topic 8. Lexicography..............................................
Glossary (List of Linguistic Terms)...................................
Глоссарий лингвистических терминов...............................
Keys to Questions and Tasks.........................................
Literature........................................................

 

FOREWORD

 

 

Most linguists would agree that lexicology is one of the most difficult theoretical subjects taught at universities not only because of a fairly big number of textbooks in lexicology, in English lexicology in particular, with their terminological diversity, specific choice of themes and a great variety of views on a particular topic. Modern lexicological research, especially in the field of lexical semantics, morphemics and word formation, phraseology and lexicography is carried out at a level of abstraction which is difficult for many students to grasp. The manual is designed as a practical aid to supplement the theoretical textbooks on English lexicology and to deepen students’ understanding of crucial theoretical constructs.

The aim of the manual is to provide teachers and students of lexicology with materials which include key terms, problems for discussion, questions and tasks, lists of recommended literature (obligatory and optional) in which account is taken of what is available in our libraries. These materials are supplemented by a glossary of terms (English and Russian) with their definitions taken from various sources, linguistic encyclopedias being the basic ones, and keys to questions and tasks where possible.

In outlining problems for discussion and the selection of key terms the authors were guided by the Theory of English syllabus for higher educational institutions for speciality “Modern foreign languages” and have tried to concentrate the users’ attention on basic developmental findings in various areas of lexicology covered by 8 major topics of the manual, on conceptual questions to understand which students, as the compilers’ long experience of teaching lexicology at MSLU has revealed, need efficient guidance. To awaken students’ perception of language differences and language variation, to help them become good observers of how language works and to make them better users of English, the authors have provided a number of heavily exemplified exercises within each section. These exercises which contain language data are also meant to supply students with a possibility to verify and validate theoretical statements, to serve as language basis for various classifications and reliable predictions, to formulate rules resulting from observation and to find explanations.

The textbook can be used as a guide in self-study of English lexicology. Students who wish to devote more time to the study of some lexicological problems can make ample use of optional literature the acquaintance with which can lead to more elaborate discussion of the problems and deeper insights into the problems.

The manual is compiled by a group of teachers of English lexicology at MSLU headed by Z.A. Kharitonchik who initiated and supervised the work. Topics 1, 3, 4 (with the exception of 4.3.3 and 4.3.4), 5 were also compiled by Z.A. Kharitonchik, topics 2 and 7 – by V.N. Vinokurova, topics 4.3.4 and 8 – by N.A. Kurilo and topics 4.3.3 and 6 – by A.A. Shavel. The keys to the corresponding sections have been provided by the same authors. The compilers of the glossary are A.A. Shavel and V.N. Vinokurova of the English part, N.A. Kurilo of the Russian part.

The compilers are greatly indebted to Associate Professor S.E. Oleinik, Associate Professor S.A. Ignatova and to Professor L.M. Leshchova for their detailed reviews of the manual. But most of all we are grateful to our students from whom we have learnt a lot over the years how best to teach lexicology.

List of abbreviations

 

 

англ.

библ.

букв.

гл.

греч.

др.-греч.

итал.

лат.

нем.

род. п.

рус.

ср.

ср.-(век.) лат.

сущ.

фр.

A, a, adj

Adv, adv

AF

arch.

bibl.

c.

CEEL

 

cf.

COD

Conj, conj

cpd

cpd p

d cpd

der

derog

EFL

e.g.

esp.

etc.

F

fr.

G

Gk

hist.

Interj, interj

английский

библейское

буквально

глагол

греческий

древнегреческий

итальянский

латинский

немецкий

родительный падеж

русский

сравните

средневековой латинский

существительное

французский

adjective

adverb

Anglo-French

archaic

biblical

century

D. Crystal’s “The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language”

compare (from Latin confer)

The Oxford Dictionary of Current English

conjunction

compound

compound proper

derivational compound

derivative

derogative

English as a Foreign Language

for example (from Latin exempli gratia)

especially

and other things (from Latin et cetera)

French

from

German

Greek

historical

interjection

L

LSG

ME

N, n

NB

OE

OF

Part I, part I

Part II, part II

phys

prf

Pron, pron

Prt, prt

R

sb

Scandinavian

sf

sl.

sth

UK

unkn orig.

USA

usu.

V, v

vs.

 

Latin

lexico-semantic group

Middle English

noun

nota bene

Old English

Old French

Participle I

Participle II

physical

prefix

pronoun

preposition

Russian

somebody

Scand

suffix

slang

something

(the) United Kingdom

unknown origin

(the) United States of America

usually

verb

versus

 

Topic 1