The health of the ozone layer.

If we were toassume the roleof a physician in order to diagnose the health of the ozone layer, no doubtwe would state that our patient is in very poor health, and that the patient's condition is getting worse.

• In 1995, 1996 and now in 1997 we have experienced record ozone depletions over both the Southern and Northern hemispheres.

• The 1996 Antarctic ozone hole reached a record 10 million square miles - an area greater than the total surface area of North America, and twice the size of Europe.

• During November and December of 1996, ozone levels over Northern Europe and the north Atlantic were 20% lower than the average measurements between 1957 and 1970. More than 25% ozone depletion was measured over some populated areas.

• Following the trend, in March 1997, the ozone layer was 15 to 25 percent thinner over the Arctic than it was a year earlier, and Environment Canada reported a record of nearly 40% ozone depletion over the North West Territories.

• The European Commission's Environment and Climate Programme reported in May, 1997, that "For the third winter in succession, record low temperatures in the Arctic's lower stratosphere, coupled with the presence of man-made pollutants, have resulted in...up to 40% ozone depletion in the Northern Hemisphere... (with) total ozone as low as 270 Dobson Units near the pole during March this year."

Of further concern is the recurrence of extremely cold spring time temperatures over the Arctic, which is a precondition for increased ozone depletion. The European Commission noted that "Analyses of stratospheric temperature data shows that the stratosphere during March 1997 was by far the coldest on record. The average monthly mean over the Pole was some six degrees lower than the previous minimum average. These very low temperatures in the Arctic springtime for the third successive year give rise to the concern that they may be part of a longer-term trend. It is important to understand whether, for example, this represents part of changes induced by chemistry-climate feedback.

Вариант 11

Задание 1. Измените число существительных с единственного на множественное и внесите соответствующие изменения в остальные члены предложений.

1. There is an apple on this plate.

2. A sales representative must be a creative person.

3. The boy had a knife.

4. My tooth is white.

5. The delivery will be delayed for approximately 5 days.

6. Why don't you eat this potato?

Задание 2. Измените форму прилагательных, данных в скобках, и переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Me is also (polite').person than Paul.

2. Richard got (few) marks than Fred in the examination.

3. A train goes (fast) than a ship but not as (fast) as an aeroplane.

4. This coat is the (expensive) of all.

5.. Which of the boys is the (tall)?

6. The younger you are the-(easy) it is to learn.

Задание 3. Вставьте модальные глаголы may, can, must, need.

1.... I have some coffee

2.... you swim like a fish?

3. He... run to school.

4.... you fly like a bird?

5. What... I do for you??

6. A cock... fly well.

Задание 4. Поставьте глаголы, данные в скобках, в нужную форму.

1. I (stay) at my uncle’s last night.

2. The school (to be closed) for 2 months.

3. John (to listen) to the radio when the batteries (to run) out.

4. The messenger (come) back.

5. The coffee (to taste) delicious.

6. This book first (print) in 1936.

Задание 5. Переведите предложения на английский язык.

1. Немногие спортсмены достигают больших успехов.

2. Мы женаты только два месяца.

3. Если вы готовы, мы можем идти.

4. Он обещал звонить ей каждый день.

5. Я уже видел этот фильм раньше

6. Она собиралась зайти в магазин после работы.

Задание 6. Образуйте отрицательную и вопросительную формы предложений.

1. He studies at our college.

2. The news will be of great interest.

3. We shall have our English lesson tomorrow.

4. The woman looking out of the window is my aunt.

5. Having traveled about the Europe for 2 months, they returned home.

Задание 7. Задайте вопросы к каждому члену предложения.

1. The agreement will be reached by them tomorrow.

2. The weather was very bad and the passengers had to wait at the airport.

3. You must be at home by 11 o'clock.

4. My doctor prescribed me this medicine.

5. We discussed this problem last week.

Задание 8. Задайте общий, специальный, альтернативный и разделительный вопросы к каждому предложению.

1. You've made much progress in your work.

1. He was studying English when she came.

3. I think she was pleased with the results of my work.

4. All the countries in the world will learn to live in peace with one another.

5. I create new puzzles and riddles myself.

Задание 9. Переведите текст на русский язык.

Telephone communication.

Another important kind of wired communication is telephony. It is the transmission of speech over a considerable distance by means of electric current. Telephone set includes a transmitter, and an electric network in addition to receiver.

The transmitter or microphone consists of a diaphragm, carbon chamber with carbon granules and insulating spacer and conductor. The electric current passes through the diaphragm and carbon granules. When we speak we produce sound waves which make the diaphragm vibrate. The diaphragm in its turn pushes the carbon granules which makes more or fewer contacts and decreases or increases the resistance. Thus the waves of electric current vary depending on the sounds we produce and pass along the line and finally reach the receiver. The receiver consists of electromagnet coils, a steel magnet and a diaphragm. A variable current passing through the magnet's coil makes the diaphragm vibrate. The frequency of these oscillations is the same as that of the transmitter. Therefore the receiver reproduces the same sounds as are spoken into the microphone.

The telephone was designed in 1875 by Alexander Bell, Later on the development of the telephone changed its construction, it became more complex. Auxiliary elements were used in the circuit to provide better transmission of speech. Further on the development improved the switching system. Now very complex telephone constructions are used and a new kind of telephone appeared - radiotelephone.

Вариант 12

Задание 1. Измените число существительных с единственного на множественное и внесите соответствующие изменения в остальные члены предложений.

1. This mountain has never been climbed before.

2. There was a potato in the basket.

3. A bird sang on the branch of a tree.

4. The guide organized excursion well.

5. This program will be shown by him.

6. That boy is my brother.

Задание 2. Измените форму прилагательных, данных в скобках, и переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. My dog is (good) than yours.

2. My dog is the (good) of the three.

3. The cat will be much (happy) in hernew home.

4. My cold is (bad) today than it was yesterday.

5. This mountain is the (high) in Europe.

6. This piece of homework is as (bad) as your last one.

Задание 3. Вставьте модальные глаголы may, can, must, need.

1.... he ride a bike?

2. If you want to be healthy, you... drink much coffee.

3.... I take a sweet? Yes, of course.

4. You... choose any instrument if you like.

5. You... learn music.

6.... I listen to the music?

Задание 4. Поставьте глаголы, данные в скобках, в нужную форму.

1. I (tell) you the answer yesterday.

2. He (arrive) at 12 o'clock.

3. You (lock) the door before you leave house?

4. I (read) this book when I was at school.

5. He usually (live) with family for six month every year.

6. I (leave) home at 8.00 and (get) here at 15.00.

Задание 5. Переведите предложения на английский язык.

1. Вы не забыли отправить открытку?

2. Мы все верим, что это была ошибка.

3. Все любят слушать, как он поет.

4. Я помню, что отправил все ваши письма.

5. Я думаю, вам следовало тогда извиниться перед ними.

6. Я предпочитаю езду на велосипеде путешествию пешком.

Задание 6. Образуйте отрицательную и вопросительную формы предложений.

1. His dad was an architect.

2. He went to the pond.

3. They noticed that the sun had gone down.

4. She was very beautiful.

5. My friends know all the best places to go.

Задание 7. Задайте вопросы к каждому члену предложения.

1. I always drink orange juice in the morning.

2. We have English lessons twice a week.

3. He was on vacation in Moscow with his family.

4. We've been playing games together all the time.

5. They collect stamps and coins.

Задание 8. Задайте общий, специальный, альтернативный и разделительный вопросы к каждому предложению.

1. I was repairing my car the whole day yesterday.

2. My friend knows Spanish very well.

3. Yesterday I came home at 3 o'clock.

4. The cat is sleeping before the fire.

5. There were three mistakes in my test

Задание 9. Переведите текст на русский язык.