Неопределенный, определенный артикли

Задание. Изучите таблицу основных правил употребления артиклей.

Table 2.1

Неопределенный артикль “a” (“one”) (с исчисляемыми существительными в единственном числе)	Определенный артикль “the” (неисчисляемые существительные в единственном числе и исчисляемые существительные во множественном числе)
I. Относит предмет к классу предметов: 1. Tom sat down on a chair (какой-то, любой стул). 2. Ann needs a job (любая работа). 3. Have you got a car (какая-нибудь машина)? 4. My brother is an advocate (один адвокат из многих).	I. Конкретный, известный, определенный предмет: 1. Tom sat down on the chair near the door (тот самый стул у двери). 2. Ann got the job she wanted (та самая работа, которую она хотела). 3. I cleaned the car yesterday (конкретная, моя машина). 4. The advocate made a speech (конкретный адвокат).
-	II. Культурные ситуации; уникальные объекты: the light, the floor, the door, the police, the doctor; the sun, the moon, the earth.
-	III. Вид, тип предметов: The rose is my favourite flower. When was the telephone invented? Can you play the guitar?
-	IV. the + прилагательное: the rich (богатые), the poor (бедные), the old/ the young, the disabled (недееспособные), the unemployed (безработные), the injured (пострадавшие), the innocent (невиновные), the guilty (виновные).

 

Exercises.

I. Закончите предложения, используя неопределенный артикль (“а”, “an”) или “one” и следующие слова: ticket, investigator, car, sister, key, court.

1. I can drive, but I haven’t got ….

2. I’ve got three brothers, but I’ve only got ….

3. My father is ….

4. I can’t open this door. I haven’t got ….

5. I’ve only got … for the concert, not two.

6. There is only … in this town.

 

II. Закончите предложения, правильно используя артикли.

1. … Queen of England lives in Buckingham Palace in London.

2. Were you present at … trial yesterday?

3. … earth moves round … sun.

4. – What’s … capital of India?

– Delhi.

5. – What do you think of Jack?

– He is … very competent detective.

6. Turn on … light, please.

 

III. Заполните пропуски артиклями. Переведите предложения.

Model: There was a man and a woman in the room. The man was English but the woman looked foreign. She was wearing a fur coat.

1. This morning I bought … newspaper and … magazine.

2. I saw … accident this morning. … car crashed into … wall. … driver of … car was not hurt but … car was badly damaged.

3. Did you read … book I gave you last week?

4. Did … police find … person who stole your bicycle?

5. … President of the United States made a speech in Congress.

6. … witness of … robbery was … old man.

 

IV. Закончите предложения, используя конструкцию “the + существительное” (station, bank, sofa, post office, airport, police, dentist, doctor). Переведите предложения.

1. There were no chairs so we all had to sit on ….

2. As soon as I saw the fire, I called ….

3. I had a toothache, so I made an appointment with ….

4. Ann had to catch a train, so I took her to ….

5. We didn’t have any stamps, so we went to ….

6. When we found that someone had broken into our house, we called ….

7. Bill didn’t feel well and he decided to go to ….

8. We didn’t have any money, so we had to go to ….

9. The plane was delayed, so we had to wait at … for three hours.

 

V. Ответьте на вопросы, используя словарь.

Model: - What is you favourite flower?

- The rose.

1. What is your favourite tree?

2. What bird de you like most?

3. What is your favourite car?

4. What is your fauvourite musical instrument?

 

VI. Составьте предложения из следующих слов, добавляя артикли.

1. Jack / plays / guitar / very badly.

2. Jill / plays / violin / in an orchestra.

3. I’d like / learn / play / piano.

4. You / play / guitar?

 

VII. Закончите предложения, используя следующие слова: rich, sick, blind, poor, injured, unemployed, dead.

1. Braille is a system of reading and writing by touch for ….

2. Many people were killed in the plane crash. The bodies of … were taken away. … were taken to hospital.

3. Every English child knows the story of Robin Hood. He robbed … and gave the money to ….

4. Those people with jobs have enough money but life is not so easy for ….

5. Agnes has been a nurse all her life. She has spent her life caring for ….

 

 

Нулевой артикль

1. Нулевой артикль употребляется перед неисчисляемыми и абстрактными существительными и с существительными во множественном числе (history, music, chess, life, crime, people, students).

Примеры: Shoes are expensive (обувь вообще).

Milk is good for you. (молоко вообще).

Ср.: These are the shoes I want.

Could you pass me the milk, please?

I like working with people (люди вообще).

I like working with the people who are lively.

2. Нулевой артикль также употребляется в сочетаниях сущ. + количественное числительное: Room 6; Exercise 3; Article 1.

 

Exercises.

I. Заполните пропуски определенным артиклем, где необходимо.

1. I find … economics an interesting discipline.

2. We studied … history of the American War of Independence.

3. We are students of the Academy of … Law.

4. Was … law passed by the State Duma?

5. … government of the Russian Federation must fight with … crime.

6. In his speech the prosecutor said that … crime was serious.

7. Law Enforcement Bodies try to decrease … crime.

8. … children learn a lot from playing.

9. We took … children to the Zoo.

10. … salt is not good for your health.

11. Can you pass me … salt, please?

 

II. Выразите свое мнение, употребляя следующие слова. Начните предложения со следующих выражений.

In my opinion…/ I think…/ I don’t think…/ I don’t agree with…/ I’m against…/ I’m in favour of…

 

Model: (divorce / necessary) – I think divorce is sometimes necessary.

 

Terrorism, smoking, examinations, capital punishment, drug addiction, nuclear power.

Harmful, difficult, fair, punishable important, useful, useless.

 

III. Выберите правильную форму.

Model: I’m afraid of dogs.

Can you pass the salt, please?

1. Apples / The apples are good for you.

2. Look at apples / the apples on that tree!

3. Women / The women are often better teachers than men / the men.

4. Most people / The most people believe that marriage / the marriage and family life / the family life are the basis of the society.

5. Are you interested in politics / the politics or law / the law?

6. I hate violence / the violence.