Minute - мелкий, мельчайший particle - частица

compound - составной, сложный

remarkable – замечательный

precisely -точно

to maintain - поддерживать, утверждать infinitely - безгранично, бесконечно property – свойство

to create - создавать, творить

to convince - убедить, уверить

Text 2.

Mikchail Lomonosov, the great Russian scientist and poet, was a son of a fisherman. His first years of study were diffi­cult. He studied at the Slavonic-Greek-Latin Academy in Moscow. Later on he continued his studies in Petersburg and then abroad. Lomonosov founded our first university, the Moscow University, named after him. He founded the first chemical laboratory in Russia, he taught chemistry and oth­er subjects at the Academy of Sciences. He formulated the main principles of one of the basic laws of physics — the law of con­servation of matter and motion. He asserted that all matter was made up of minute particles which he called "elements" and "corpuscles". By "corpuscles" he meant compound parti­cles consisting of simple particles — "elements". Now we say molecules and atoms., It is remarkable that the difference be­tween the molecule and the atom made clear by Lomonosov was precisely formulated for the second time at a special interna­tional congress of chemists only a hundred years later. Lo­monosov maintained that since "corpuscules" and "elements" represent infinitely small bodies, possessing all the properties of an ordinary body, their motion and interaction follow the general laws of mechanics. As mechanics, Lomonosov set him­self a problem, very unusual for his time, — that of creating "mathematical chemistry". Lomonosov was the first who gave the idea about absolute zero. Lomonosov wrote poetry that had a great effect on the development of the Russian literary language. He also wrote the first Russian grammar. He translated a course in physics from German into Russian and introduced into the Russian scientific language such terms as thermom­eter, formula, atmosphere and some some others.

He devoted his whole life to the development of Russian science, and all that he did he did for his people and for his country.

5) Вопросы по тексту:

Чьим сыном был М. Ломоносов?

2. В какой академии он учился в Москве?

Где Ломоносов продолжил свое обучение?

4. Какой университет основал Ломоносов?

Что он изучал в Академии Наук?

Какие принципы одного из основных законов физики он сформулировал?

Что он утверждал в своих тезисах?

Что ученый обозначал «корпускулами»?

Молекулы и атомы это те же корпускулы, не так ли?

Какую проблему Ломоносов поставил себе как механик?

Неужели он был первым, кто дал идею абсолютного нуля?

Какие стихи писал Ломоносов?

Он написал первую русскую грамматику, правда?

Что ученый перевел с немецкого на русский?

Какие слова он ввел в русский научный язык?

6) Слова для активизации:

Law. conservation, matter, motion, property, to assert, to create, to maintain, compound, minute.

7) Переведите на английский язык:

1. Ломоносов утверждал, что все вещества состоят из мельчайших материальных частиц, которые он назвал "элементами" и "корпускулами".

2. Сейчас вместо "корпускула" мы говорим молекула, а вместо "элемент" — атом.

3.Поскольку (since) "корпускулы" и "элементы" явля­ются бесконечно малыми телами, обладающие свой­ствами обычного тела, их движение и взаимодействие подчиняются общим законам механики.

4.Ломоносов оказал большое влияние на развитие рус­ского литературного языка.

5.Ломоносов написал первую русскую грамматику.

6.Ломоносов хорошо знал иностранные языки, он пере­вел курс физики с немецкого языка на русский язык.

8)Переведите на русский язык без словаря и задайте вопросы к предложениям по схеме вопросов.

1.Lomonosov was a great poet and did much for the progress of the Russian language. (What?)

2.In his grammar he taught how to write Russian. (What?)

3.He gave much time to experiments in chemistry and physics. (What experiments...?)

4.These experements had a great effect on the develop­ment of Russian science, which made considerable progress in his time. (What?)

5.There were no chemical laboratories in Russia before Lomonosov. (Were there...?)

6.Lomonosov knew the nature and the life of his country. (What?)

2) Since.

1. Определите функцию слова "since" (предлог, союз или наречие); 2. Задайте к этим предложениям вопросы, начи- нающиеся с вопросительных слов: Since when...? (с како­го времени?), IIow long...? (сколько времени?) Why?

Не has not been here since 1961.

Since his childhood he took great interest in che-mistry.

3. A great number of outstanding discoveries and perfec­tions has bee made in that field of science since.

Since the documents have not arrived, we cannot load the goods.

That needs no explanation since it is self-evident.

3) Дополните следующие предложения:

Since I was a boy.

Since the first of September.

Since I entered the college.

Since he rang me up two days ago.

Since yesterday.

Употребите предлоги: of, to, with, in, into, on, at.

1. Lomonosov went abroad... some students.

2. He enriched science... his experements... atmospheric electricity.

3. Lomonosov was a man... science and a poet... the same time.

4. Lomonosov gave all his life... the developpment... Rus­sian science.

5. Russia... those days had no experience... the produc­tion... stained glass.

6. Lomonosov was one... those scientist who combined study... practice... his work.

7. He formulated some technical principles which had a great effect... the development... physics.

8. He introduced some technical terms which were new... the Russian language... his time.

9. What street do you live...?

10. When I came home, I turned the radio... and listened...

the news.

11. Do you often go... town... Sundays... summer?

12. What is... at the theatre now?

13. He ran... the room full... people.

14. If there isn't any medicine... the bottle, put some... it.

5) Замените второе предложение каждой пары оборо­тами типа "So do I" или "Neither (nor) do I":

Образец: He can speak French. — I can speak French too. He can speak French. — So can I.

My brother is very busy. I am busy too.

2. I don't want to go there. He doesn't want to go there either.

He can't swim. She can't swim either.

4. I was very tired after our trip. My daughter was also tired after our trip.

 

6) Переведите на английский язык:

Он будет здесь в 6 часов. — Я тоже.

Его послали на юг, и её тоже.

Он не говорит по-французски, и его жена тоже.

Я не могу перевести эту статью без словаря, и он тоже.

7) Переведите:

The more — the better

The more — the less

The better — the worse и т.д.

The more I read the book, the more I enjoyed it.

The longer he spoke, the less I liked him.

The longer we stayed there the more we liked the place.

4. The letter he tried to do it the worse it was. Составьте свои собственные примеры.

Too и Also

Too и also — также, тоже употребляются в утвердитель­ных и вопросительных предложениях;

too — более употребительно в разговорной речи, чем also. Either — также, тоже — употребляется в отрицательных предложениях:

I shall be there too.

Have you been there too?

They also agreed with me.

I have not seen him either.

Else со значением ещё употребляется с вопросительны­ми местоимениями и наречиями, а также с неопределён­ными местоимениями и наречиями, Производимыми от some, any, no:

What else must I do?

Where else did you go?

Ask somebody else about it.

Are you going anywhere else after that?

Else употребляется также со значением иначе, в про­тивном случае, а то.

В этом случае ему часто предшествует or, otherwise, else, or else — иначе, в противном случае, а то.

Go at once, otherwise (or else) you will miss you train.

Test. Заполните пропуски глаголами: must, can, may или их эквивалентами.

1. When... you come to your lessons? I... come to my lessons at nine o'clock.

2. You... not go away, you... stay here till twelve o'clock.

3.... I take your pen? Yes, you... Here it is.

I. My brother knows English well. He... translate these articles.

5. I... translate these texts, they are too difficult.

6. I... to go to the libruary tomorrow. I shall be very busy.

7.I... come to see you yesterday, I... to prepare for my report.

8.You... come to your lessons in time.

9.... I come in? Yes, you...

10.... I read this text? No, you...

16). Переведите на английский язык следующие пред­ложения, употребите глаголы can, may.

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