Оргачнические лиганды: карбоновые кислоты

CH₂O₂, HCOOН, муравьиная кислота; лиганд HCOO^‑, формиат-ион

H^+ lg K H = {

3,745, D H = 0,17 3,53

Al³⁺ lg b₁ = 1,36

Ba²⁺ lg b₁ = 1,38

Ca²⁺ lg b₁ = 1,43

Cd²⁺ lg b₁ = 1,04 [ I =3] lg b₂ = 1,23 [ I =3] lg b₃ = 1,75 [ I =3]

Co²⁺ lg b₁ = 0,73 [ I =3] lg b₂ = 1,18 [ I =3]

Cu^2+ lg b1 = {

2,00 1,40 [ I =3]

lg b2 = 2,30 [ I =3]

lg b₃ = 2,2 [ I =3] lg b₄ = 1,9 [ I =3]

HCOO^‑, формиат-ион (продолжение)

Fe³⁺ lg b₁ = 3,1 [20 ^oC, I =1]

lg K (3 Fe³⁺ + 2 OH^– + 6 HCOO^‑ Û Fe₃(OH)₂(HCOO)₆⁺) = 19,9

[20 ^oC, I =1]

Hg²⁺ lg b₁ = 5,43 [ I =0,1]

Mg²⁺ lg b₁ = 1,43

Pb^2+ lg b1 = {

1,65 [30 ^oC, I =0,4] 1,23 [ I =3]

lg b2 = 2,01 [ I =3]

lg b₃ = 1,8 [ I =3]

Zn^2+ lg b1 = {

0,73 [30 ^oC, I =0,4] 0,70 [ I =3]

lg b2 = 1,08 [ I =3]

lg b₃ = 1,20 [ I =3]

C₂ Н₂O₄, НOOС‑COOH, щавлевая (оксалатная) кислота;

лиганд ^‑OOС‑COO^‑, оксалат-ион

H^+ lg K H1 = {

4,266, D H = 6,70 3,55

lg K H2 = {

1,252, D H = 3,8 1,04

Ag⁺ lg b₁ = 2,41 [ I =1] lg K_s (белый) = ‑11,0

Al³⁺ lg b₁ = 6,1 lg b₂ = 11,09 lg b₁ = 15,12

Ba²⁺ lg b₁ = 2,31 [18 ^oC] lg K_s (белый) = ‑6,0 [ I =0,1]

Ca^2+ lg b1 = {

3,00 [18 ^oC] 1,66

lg b2 = 2,69 [ I =1]

lg K (Ca²⁺ + HC₂O₄^‑ Û CaHC₂O₄⁺) = 1,84

lg K (Ca²⁺ + 2 HC₂O₄^‑ Û Ca(HC₂O₄)₂) = 1,8 [ I =0,1]

lg K _s(белый) = ‑7,9 [ I =0,1]

lg K _s(CaC₂O₄·H₂O, белый) = ‑8,64

Cd^2+ lg b1 = {	3,69 [18^oC] 2,75	lg K s (белый) = ‑7,82
Co^2+ lg b1 = {	4,72, D H = 2,5 3,25	lg b2 = {	7,0 5,60

lg K (Co²⁺ + HC₂O₄^‑ Û CoHC₂O₄⁺) = 1,61 [ I =0,1]

lg K (Co²⁺ + 2 HC₂O₄^‑ Û Co(HC₂O₄)₂) = 2,89 [ I =0,1]

Cr³⁺ lg b₁ = 3,85 [ I =0,1] lg b₂ = 6,81 [ I =0,1]

Cu²⁺ lg b₁ = 6,23, D H = ‑0,4 lg b₂ = 10,27

lg K_s = ‑ 7,54 [ I =0]; ‑ 6,7 [ I = 0,1]

lg K (Cu²⁺ + HC₂O₄^‑ Û CuHC₂O₄⁺) = 3,18

(COO^‑)₂, оксалат-ион (продолжение)

Fe²⁺ lg b₁ = 3,05 [ I =1] lg b₂ = 5,15 [ I =1]

Fe^3+ lg b1 = {

7,74 [ I =3] 7,59

lg b2 = 13,64 [ I =0,5], lg b3 = 18,49 [ I =0,5]

lg K (Fe³⁺ + HC₂O₄^‑ Û FeHC₂O₄²⁺) = 4,35 [ I =0,5]

Hg²⁺ lg b₁ = 9,66 [ I =0,1]

Mg²⁺ lg b₁ = 3,43 [18 ^oC] lg b₂ = 4,24 [ I =0,1] lg K_s = ‑ 4,07

Mn^2+ lg b1 = {

3,95, D H = 5,9 3,2 [ I =0,1]

lg b2 = 4,4 [ I =0,1]

Ni²⁺ lg b₁ = 5,16, D H = 5,9

Pb²⁺ lg K_s = ‑ 10,5 [ I = 0]; ‑ 9,7 [ I = 0,1]

lg b1 = {	4,91 3,32	lg b2 ={	6,76 5,5	lg b3 = 3,4 [ I =2] lg b4 = 2,9 [ I =3]
Sr^2+ lg b1 ={	2,54 [18 ^oC] 1,25	lg b2 = 1,90 [ I =1] lg Ks = ‑6,4 [ I =0,1]

lg K (Sr²⁺ + HC₂O₄^‑ Û SrHC₂O₄⁺) = 1,11 [ I =0,1]

lg K (Sr²⁺ + 2 HC₂O₄^‑ Û Sr(HC₂O₄)₂) = 1,7 [ I =0,1]

Zn^2+ lg b1 = {

4,87 3,43

lg b2 = {

6,16 7,65

lg Ks = ‑ 8,89

lg K (Zn²⁺ + HC₂O₄^‑ Û ZnHC₂O₄⁺) = 1,72 [ I =0,1]

lg K (Zn²⁺ + 2 HC₂O₄^‑ Û Zn(HC₂O₄)₂) = 3,12 [ I =0,1]

С₂Н₄О₂, CH₃COOН, уксусная кислота; лиганд CH₃COO^‑, ацетат-ион

H^+ lg K H = {

4,757, D H = 0,42 4,57

Ag⁺ lg b₁ = 0,73 lg b₂ = 0,64

Al³⁺ lg b₁ = 1,51 [ I =1]

Ba²⁺ lg b₁ = 1,07

Ca²⁺ lg b₁ = 1,18

Cd^2+ lg b1 = {

1,93 1,17

lg b2 = {

3,15 1,82

lg b3 = {

2,26 2,04

lg b₄ = 2,0 [ I =3]

Co^2+ lg b1 = {	1,46 0,81
Cu^2+ lg b1 = {	2,22 1,71	lg b2 = {	3,63 2,71	lg b3 = 3,1 [20 ^oC, I =1] lg b4 = 2,9 [20 ^oC, I =1]

CH₃COO^‑, ацетат-ион (продолжение)

Fe²⁺ lg b₁ = 1,40

Fe³⁺ lg b₁ = 3,38 [20 ^oC, I =1] lg b₂ = 6,5 [20 ^oC, I =1]

lg b₃ = 8,3 [20 ^oC, I =1]

Hg²⁺ lg b₁ = 5,55 [30 ^oC, I =1] lg b₂ = 9,30 [30 ^oC, I =1]

lg b₃ = 13,28 [30 ^oC, I =1] lg b₄ = 17,06 [30 ^oC, I =1]

Mg²⁺ lg b₁ = 1,27

Mn^2+ lg b1 = {	1,40 0,69
Ni^2+ lg b1 = {	1,43 0,83
Pb^2+ lg b1 = {	2,68 2,1	lg b2 = {	4,08 2,98 [30 ^oC]

lg b₃ = 3,4 [ I =2] lg b₄ = 2,9 [ I =3]

Sr²⁺ lg b₁ = 1,14

Sn²⁺ lg b₁ = 3,3 [ I =3] lg b₂ = 6,0 [ I =3] lg b₃ = 7,3 [ I =3]

Zn^2+ lg b1 = {

1,57 0,63

lg b2 = 1,36 [ I =3]

lg b3 = 1,57 [ I =3]

C₄H₆O₄, HOOC‑(CH₂)₂-COOH янтарная (сукциновая) кислота;

лиганд ^-OOC‑(CH₂)₂-COO^‑, Suc^2-, сукцинат-ион

H^+ lg K H1 = {

5,636 5,12

lg K H2 = {

4,207 3,95

Co²⁺ lg b₁ = 2,32 lg K (Co²⁺ + HSuc^‑ Û CoHSuc⁺) = 0,99 [ I =0,1]

Fe²⁺ lg b₁ = 1,4 [ I =0,1]

Fe³⁺ lg b₁ = 6,88 [ I =0,5, 37 ^oC]

Mn²⁺ lg b₁ = 2,26 lg K (Mn²⁺ + HSuc^‑ Û Mn HSuc⁺) = 1,2

Ni²⁺ lg b₁ = 2,34 lg K (Ni²⁺ + HSuc^‑ Û NiHSuc⁺) = 1,3

Pb²⁺ lg b₁ = 2,40 lg b₂ = 3,37 lg b₃ = 4,11 [ I =2, 30 ^oC]

Zn^2+ lg b1 ={

1,48 2,00

lg K (Zn^2+ + HSuc^‑ Û ZnHSuc^+) = 0,96 [ I =0,1, 20 ^oC]

C₄H₆O₆, HOOC‑(CHOH)₂-COOH, d-винная (тартратна) кислота; лиганд ^‑OOC‑(CHOH)₂-COO^‑, T^2‑, тартрат-ион

H^+ lg K H1 ={

4,366, D H = ‑0,83 3,73

lg K H2 ={

3,036, D H = ‑3,10 2,69

Al³⁺ lg b₁ = 5,32 [ I =1]

Ba²⁺ lg b₁ = 2,95

Ca²⁺ lg b₁ = 2,80

Co²⁺ lg b₁ = 3,05

Cu²⁺ lg b₁ = 2,90 [ I =1] lg b₂ = 8,24 [ I =1]

Fe²⁺ lg b₁ = 1,43 [ I =1]

Fe³⁺ lg b₁ = 5,73 [ I =1]

Hg²⁺ lg b₁ = 7,0 [ I =0,1]

Mn²⁺ lg b₁ = 2,49 [ I =0,1]

Ni²⁺ lg b₁ = 2,06 [ I =1] lg K (Ni²⁺ + HT^‑ Û NiHT⁺) = 0,8 [ I =1]

Pb^2+ lg b1 = {

3,12 [ I =0,1] 2,60

lg K (Pb^2+ + HT^‑ Û PbHT^+) = 1,76[ I =1]

Zn²⁺ lg b₁ = 3,82

C6H6O6,

дегидроаскорбиновая кислота; лиганд - C6H3O6^3‑; Dhasc^3‑, дегидроаскорбинат-ион

O = C - C = O | | ^‑OCH2-CН-C^‑ C = O | \ / ^‑O O

H⁺ lg K _H1 = 10,3 lg K _H2 = 7,9 lg K _H3 = 3,2

C6H8O6,	L-аскорбиновая кислота; лиганд, C6H6O6^2‑; Asc^2‑, аскорбинат-ион	HO - C = C - O^‑ | | ^‑OCH2-CН-CH C = O | \ / HO O
H^+ lg K H1 = {	11,56 11,35 [ I =3]	lg K H2 = {	4,17 4,37 [ I =3]

Ag⁺ lg b₁ = 2,36 [ I =0,1]

Al³⁺ lg K (Al³⁺ + HAsc^‑ Û AlHAsc²⁺) = 1,89

lg K (Al³⁺ + 2 HAsc^‑ Û Al(HAsc)₂⁺) = 3,55 [ I =0,1]

Asc^2‑, аскорбинат-ион (продолжение)

Ca²⁺ lg b₁ = 1,4 lg b₁₂ = 1,85 lg b₃₃ = 8,74 lg b₄₃ = 10,50

lg K (Ca²⁺ + HAsc^‑ Û CaHAsc⁺) = 0,03

Cd²⁺ lg K (Cd²⁺ + HAsc^‑ Û CdHAsc⁺) = 1,3, lg b₁₂ = 5,83 [ I =3]

Co²⁺ lg K (Co²⁺ + HAsc^‑ Û CoHAsc⁺) = 1,4

Cu²⁺ lg K (Cu²⁺ + HAsc^‑ Û CuHAsc⁺) = 1,57 [ I =0,1, 0 ^oC]

Fe²⁺ lg b₁ =1,99 [ I =3], lg K (Fe²⁺ + HAsc^‑ Û FeHAsc⁺) = 0,21

Ni²⁺ lg K (Ni²⁺ + HAsc^‑ Û NiHAsc⁺) = 1,1 [0 ^oC]

Mn²⁺ lg K (Mn²⁺ + HAsc^‑ Û MnHAsc⁺) = 1,1 [0 ^oC]

Pb²⁺ lg K (Pb²⁺ + HAsc^‑ Û PbHAsc⁺) = 1,8

Zn²⁺ lg K (Zn²⁺ + HAsc^‑ Û ZnHAsc⁺) = 1,0

C6H8O7,	лимонная кислота; лиганд - Cit^3‑, цитрат- ион	^‑OOC-CH2-C(OH)-CH2-COO^‑, | COО^‑
H^+ lg K H1 = {	6,396, D H = 3,35 5,33	lg K H2 ={	4,761, D H = ‑2,43 4,08
lg K H3 = {	3,128, D H = ‑ 4,18 2,80

As(III) lg K (As(OH)₂⁺ + Cit^3‑ Û As(OH)₂Cit^2‑) = 9,3

lg K (As(OH)₂⁺ + HCit^2‑ Û As(OH)₂HCit^‑) = 8,5

Ba²⁺ lg b₁ = 2,76 [ I =0,1]

lg K (Ba²⁺ + HCit^2‑ Û BaHCit) = 1,75 [20 ^oC, I =0,1]

lg K (Ba²⁺ + H₂Cit^‑ Û BaH₂Cit⁺) = 0,79 [20 ^oC, I =0,1]

Cd²⁺ lg b₁ = 5,36 lg b₂ = 4,54 [ I =0,5]

lg K (Cd²⁺ + HCit^2‑ Û CdHCit) = 2,20 [20 ^oC, I =0,1]

Co²⁺ lg b₁ = 5,00 [20 ^oC, I =0,1]

lg K (Co²⁺ + HCit^2‑ Û CoHCit) = 3,02 [20 ^oC, I =0,1]

lg K (Co²⁺ + H₂Cit^‑ Û CoH₂Cit⁺) = 1,25 [20 ^oC, I =0,1]

Cu²⁺ lg b₁ = 5,90 [20 ^oC, I =0,1]

lg K (Cu²⁺ + HCit^2‑ Û CuHCit) = 3,42 [20 ^oC, I =0,1]

lg K (Cu²⁺ + H₂Cit^‑ Û CuH₂Cit⁺) = 2,26 [20 ^oC, I =0,1]

Fe²⁺ lg b₁ = 4,4 [20 ^oC, I =0,1]

lg K (Fe²⁺ + HCit^2‑ Û FeHCit) = 2,65 [20 ^oC, I =0,1]

Fe³⁺ lg b₁ = 11,50 [20 ^oC, I =0,1]

Cit^3‑, цитрат- ион (продолжение)

Hg²⁺ lg b₁ = 10,9 [ I =0,1]

Mg²⁺ lg b₁ = 3,37 [ I =0,1]

lg K (Mg²⁺ + HCit^2‑ Û MgHCit) = 1,84 [20 ^oC, I =0,1]

lg K (Mg²⁺ + H₂Cit^‑ Û MgH₂Cit⁺) = 0,84 [20 ^oC, I =0,1]

Mn²⁺ lg b₁ = 3,70 [ I =0,16]

Ni²⁺ lg b₁ = 5,40 [20 ^oC, I =0,1]

lg K (Ni²⁺ + HCit^2‑ Û NiHCit) = 3,30 [20 ^oC, I =0,1]

lg K (Ni²⁺ + H₂Cit^‑ Û NiH₂Cit⁺) = 1,75 [20 ^oC, I =0,1]

Pb²⁺ lg b₁ = 4,34 [ I =3], lg b₂ = 6,08 [ I =3], lg b₃ = 6,97 [ I =3]

lg K (Pb²⁺ + HCit^2‑ Û PbHCit) = 2,97 [ I =2]

lg K (Pb²⁺ + H₂Cit^‑ Û PbH₂Cit⁺) = 1,51 [ I =2]

lg K (Pb(Cit)₂^4‑ + 2 H⁺ Û PbH₂(Cit)₂^2‑) = 8,9 [ I =2]

lg K (PbH₂(Cit)₂^2‑ + 2 H⁺ Û PbH₄(Cit)₂) = 6,7 [ I =2]

Sr²⁺ lg b₁ = 4,11

Zn²⁺ lg b₁ = 2,94 [ I =0,5] lg b₂ = 5,90 [ I =0,5]

lg K (Zn²⁺ + HCit^2‑ Û ZnHCit) = 2,94 [ I =0,5]

lg K (Zn²⁺ + H₂Cit^‑ Û ZnH₂Cit⁺) = 1,25 [20 ^oC, I =0,1]

С7H6O3		салициловая кислота; лиианд Sal^2‑, салицилат-ион
H^+ lg K H1 ={	13,74, D H = ‑35,82 13,15	lg K H2 ={	2,97, D H = ‑3,22 2,78

Al³⁺ lg b₁ = 12,9 [20 ^oC, I =0,1] lg b₂ = 23,2 [20^oC, I =0,1]

lg b₃ = 29,8 [20 ^oC, I =0,1]

Ba²⁺ lg K (Ba²⁺ + HSal^‑ Û BaHSal⁺) = 0,21

Ca²⁺ lg K (Ca²⁺ + HSal^‑ Û CaHSal⁺) = 0,36

Cd²⁺ lg b₁ = 5,55 [20 ^oC, I =0,15]

Co²⁺ lg b₁ = 6,72 [20 ^oC, I =0,15] lg b₂ = 11,4 [20 ^oC, I =0,15]

Cr³⁺ lg b₁ = 8,41 [ I =0,1] lg b₂ = 15,36 [ I =0,1]

Cu²⁺ lg b₁ = 10,62 [ I =0,1] lg b₂ = 18,45 [20 ^oC, I =0,15]

Fe²⁺ lg b₁ = 6,55 [20 ^oC, I =0,15] lg b₂ = 11,2 [20 ^oC, I =0,15]

Sal^2‑, салицилат-ион (продолжение)

Fe³⁺ lg b₁ = 17,44 lg b₂ = 27,49 [ I =3] lg b₃ = 35,31 [ I =3]

lg K (Fe³⁺ + HSal^‑ Û FeHSal²⁺) = 4,4 [ I =0,1]

Mn²⁺ lg b₁ = 5,90 [20 ^oC, I =0,15] lg b₂ = 9,8 [20 ^oC, I =0,15]

Ni²⁺ lg b₁ = 6,59 [20 ^oC, I =0,15] lg b₂ = 11,7 [20 ^oC, I =0,15]

Zn²⁺ lg b₁ = 6,85 [20 ^oC, I =0,15]

С7H6O6S,	сульфосалициловая кислота; лиганд ‑ Ssl^3‑, сульфосалицилат-ион
H^+ lg K H1 ={	12,53 11,40	lg K H2 ={	2,84 2,32	lg K H3 = ‑1,75 [ I =1]

Al³⁺ lg b₁ = 12,3 [20 ^oC, I =0,1] lg b₂ = 20,0 [20 ^oC, I =0,1]

lg b₃ = 25,8 [20 ^oC, I =0,1]

Cd²⁺ lg b₁ = 4,64 [20 ^oC, I =0,15]

Co²⁺ lg b₁ = 6,13 lg b₂ = 9,82

Cr³⁺ lg b₁ = 9,56 [ I =0,1]

Cu^2+ lg b1 ={

10,74 8,91

lg b2 ={

17,17 15,86

Fe²⁺ lg b₁ = 5,90 [20 ^oC, I =0,15] lg b₂ = 9,9 [20 ^oC, I =0,15]

Fe³⁺ lg b₁ = 14,60 [20 ^oC, I =0,15] lg b₂ = 25,15 [20 ^oC, I =0,15] lg b₃ = 30,6 [ I =0,5]

Mn^2+ lg b1 ={

5,24 [ I =0,1] 4,77

lg b2 ={

8,24 [ I =0,1] 8,19

Zn²⁺ lg b₁ = 6,05 [20 ^oC, I =0,15] lg b₂ = 10,7 [20 ^oC, I =0,15]

C8H6O4,	о-фталевая кислота; лиганд, L^2‑, - о-фталат-ион
H^+ lg K H1 ={	5,408, D H =2,09 4,71	lg K H2 ={	2,950, D H =2,68 2,66

Al³⁺ lg b₁ = 3,18 [ I =0,5] lg b₂ = 6,32 [ I =0,5]

Ba²⁺ lg b₁ = 2,33

о-фталат-ион (продолжение)

Ca²⁺ lg b₁ = 2,42

Cd²⁺ lg b₁ = 2,5 [ I =0,1]

Co^2+ lg b1 = {

2,83 1,42

lg (Co²⁺ + H⁺ + L^2‑ Û CoHL⁺) = 6,0 [ I = 0,5]

Cu^2+ lg b1 = {

4,04, D H = 8,3 2,69

lg b2 = 3,73 [ I =1]

Mn²⁺ lg b₁ = 2,74, D H = 9,2

Ni^2+ lg b1 ={

2,95, D H = 7,5 1,57

lg (Ni²⁺ + H⁺ + L^2‑ Û NiHL⁺) = 5,4 [ I = 0,5]

Zn²⁺ lg b₁ = 2,91, D H = 13,9 lg b₂ = 4,2