неорганических соединений при стандартных условиях
| Вещество
| Состояние
| DH0 298 кДж/моль
| DG0 298
кДж/моль
| S0 298
Дж/К моль
| CP0 298
Дж/К моль
|
| AgCl
| тв.
| - 127.04
| - 109.72
| 96.11
| 50.79
|
| AgJ
| тв.
| - 62.38
| - 66.32
| 114.22
| 54.43
|
| AgBr
| тв.
| - 99.50
| - 95.94
| 107.11
| 52.38
|
| H3BO3
| тв.
| - 1087.84
| -963.16
| 89.58
| 82.05
|
| BaSO4
| тв.
| - 1464.40
| - 1353.11
| 132.21
| 101.75
|
| HBr
| газ
| - 36.23
| - 53.22
| 198.48
| 29.12
|
| C (графит)
| тв.
| 0
| 0
| 5.69
| 8.64
|
| C (алмаз)
| тв.
| 1.90
| 2.87
| 2.44
| 6.06
|
| CO
| газ
| - 110.52
| - 137.27
| 197.91
| 29.14
|
| CO2
| газ
| 52.30
| - 394.38
| 213.64
| 37.13
|
| C2H4
| газ
| - 223.00
| 68.10
| 219.40
| 60.67
|
| CS2
| газ
| 115.27
| 65.05
| 237.82
| 45.64
|
| CO(NH2)2
| тв.
| - 333.19
| - 197.15
| 104.60
| 93.14
|
| CH4
| газ
| - 74.92
| - 50.81
| 186.20
| 42.80
|
| Ca(OH)2
| тв.
| - 986.59
| - 896.76
| 76.15
| 84.52
|
| C2H2
| газ
| -226.80
| 209.20
| 200.80
| 81.88
|
| C2H6
| газ
| -89.71
| -32.92
| 229.53
| 80.49
|
| CaC2
| тв.
| - 62.70
| - 67.80
| 70.30
| 62.34
|
| H2
| газ
| 0
| 0
| 130.59
| 28.84
|
| H2O
| газ
| - 241.83
| - 228.60
| 188.72
| 83.58
|
| H2O
| жидк.
| - 285.84
| - 237.19
| 69.54
| 75.30
|
| HgO
| тв.
| - 90.70
| - 58.53
| 71.97
| 46.73
|
| HgS
| тв.
| - 58.16
| - 48.83
| 77.82
| 12.00
|
| HJ
| газ
| 25.94
| 1.30
| 206.33
| 29.18
|
| MgO
| тв.
| - 601.83
| - 569.57
| 26.78
| 37.41
|
| FeO
| тв.
| - 264.82
| - 224.32
| 60.81
| 77.03
|
| N2
| газ
| 0
| 0
| 191.79
| 29.12
|
| NH3
| газ
| - 48.19
| - 16.64
| 192.51
| 35.68
|
| NH4Cl
| тв.
| - 315.39
| - 203.89
| 94.56
| 84.10
|
| NO
| газ
| 90.37
| 86.69
| 210.62
| 29.86
|
| NO2
| газ
| 33.85
| 51.84
| 240.46
| 77.91
|
| C2H5OH
| жидк.
| -227.64
| -174.83
| 160.71
| 38.70
|
| CH3OH
| жидк.
| - 238.66
| - 166.31
| 126.78
| 109.87
|
| O2
| газ
| 0
| 0
| 205.03
| 29.36
|
| P
| тв.белый
| 0
| 0
| 47.00
| 23.82
|
| P
| тв.красный
| - 18.40
| 13.82
| 29.31
| 20.83
|
| HCl
| газ
| - 92.32
| - 95.22
| 186.84
| 204.80
|
| HF
| газ
| -270.73
| -272.81
| 178.71
|
|
| C6H6
| жидк.
| 49.04
| 172.80
| 124.52
|
|
| CH3Cl
| газ
| - 131.80
| - 71.80
| 202.90
| 71.40
|
| H3PO4
| жидк.
| - 1271.94
| - 1147.25
| 200.83
|
|
| CH3CHO
| газ
| -246.81
| 139.08
| 264.22
| 109.20
|
| PbO
| тв.
| - 217.86
| - 188.49
| 69.45
| 48.53
|
| PbO2
| тв.
| - 276.56
| - 218.99
| 76.57
| 64.43
|
| PbCl2
| тв.
| - 369.20
| - 313.97
| 136.40
| 76.99
|
| PbS
| тв.
| - 94.31
| - 92.68
| 91.21
| 49.50
|
| S (ромб.)
| тв.
| 0
| 0
| 31.88
| 22.59
|
| S (монокл.)
| тв.
| 0.30
| 0.10
| 32.55
| 23.64
|
| SO2
| газ
| - 296.06
| - 370.37
| 248.52
| 39.79
|
| SO3
| газ
| -395.18
| - 37.37
| 256.22
| 50.63
|
| SO2Cl2
| жидк.
| - 389.10
| - 300.55
| 217.20
| 131.80
|
| Zn
| тв.
| 0
| 0
| 41.63
| 25.06
|
| FeO
| тв.
| -264.81
| - 244.32
| 60.81
| 40.25
|
| Fe
| тв.
| 0
| 0
| 20.82
|
|
Таблица 3.
Плотность (r) и концентрация (w) водных растворов
некоторых веществ при 20 ° С.
| r, г/см3
| w, %
| r, г/см3
| w, %
| r, г/см3
| w, %
| r, г/см3
| w, %
|
| 1
| 2
| 3
| 4
| 5
| 6
| 7
| 8
|
Натрий хлорид
| 1.0053
| 1
| 1.0559
| 8
| 1.1162
| 16
| 1.1640
| 22
|
| 1.0125
| 2
| 1.0707
| 10
| 1.1319
| 18
| 1.1804
| 24
|
| 1.0268
| 4
| 1.0857
| 12
| 1.1478
| 20
| 1.1972
| 26
|
| 1.0413
| 6
| 1.1009
| 14
|
|
|
|
|
Соляная кислота
| 1.0032
| 1
| 1.0574
| 12
| 1.1083
| 22
| 1.1593
| 32
|
| 1.0082
| 2
| 1.0675
| 14
| 1.1187
| 24
| 1.1691
| 34
|
| 1.0181
| 4
| 1.0776
| 16
| 1.1290
| 26
| 1.1789
| 36
|
| 1.0279
| 6
| 1.0878
| 18
| 1.1392
| 28
| 1.1885
| 38
|
| 1.0376
| 8
| 1.0980
| 20
| 1.1493
| 30
| 1.1980
| 40
|
| 1.0474
| 10
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Азотная кислота
| 1.0036
| 1
| 1.1026
| 18
| 1.2205
| 36
| 1.3219
| 52
|
| 1.0091
| 2
| 1.1150
| 20
| 1.2335
| 38
| 1.3336
| 54
|
| 1.0201
| 4
| 1.1276
| 22
| 1.2463
| 40
| 1.3449
| 56
|
| 1.0312
| 6
| 1.1404
| 24
| 1.2591
| 42
| 1.3560
| 58
|
| 1.0427
| 8
| 1.1534
| 26
| 1.2719
| 44
| 1.3667
| 60
|
| 1.0543
| 10
| 1.1666
| 28
| 1.2847
| 46
| 1.3769
| 62
|
| 1.0661
| 12
| 1.1800
| 30
| 1.2875
| 48
| 1.3866
| 64
|
| 1.0781
| 14
| 1.1934
| 32
| 1.3100
| 50
| 1.3959
| 66
|
| 1.0903
| 16
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Серная кислота
| 1.0051
| 1
| 1.1862
| 26
| 1.4148
| 52
| 1.6810
| 76
|
| 1.0118
| 2
| 1.2023
| 28
| 1.4350
| 54
| 1.7043
| 78
|
| 1.0250
| 4
| 1.2185
| 30
| 1.4557
| 56
| 1.7272
| 80
|
| 1.0385
| 6
| 1.2349
| 32
| 1.4768
| 58
| 1.7491
| 82
|
| 1.0522
| 8
| 1.2515
| 34
| 1.4983
| 60
| 1.7693
| 84
|
| 1.0661
| 10
| 1.2684
| 36
| 1.5200
| 62
| 1.7872
| 86
|
| 1.0802
| 12
| 1.2855
| 38
| 1.5421
| 64
| 1.8022
| 88
|
| 1.0947
| 14
| 1.3028
| 40
| 1.5646
| 66
| 1.8144
| 90
|
| 1.1094
| 16
| 1.3205
| 42
| 1.5874
| 68
| 1.8240
| 92
|
| 1.1243
| 18
| 1.3384
| 44
| 1.6105
| 70
| 1.8312
| 94
|
| 1.1394
| 20
| 1.3569
| 46
| 1.6338
| 72
| 1.8355
| 96
|
| 1.1548
| 22
| 1.0758
| 48
| 1.6574
| 74
| 1.8361
| 98
|
| 1.1704
| 24
| 1.3951
| 50
|
|
|
|
|
Уксусная кислота
| 1.006
| 5
| 1.033
| 25
| 1.058
| 50
| 1.066
| 90
|
| 1.013
| 10
| 1.038
| 30
| 1.064
| 60
| 1.050
| 100
|
| 1.020
| 15
| 1.044
| 35
| 1.069
| 70
|
|
|
| 1.026
| 20
| 1.049
| 40
| 1.070
| 80
|
|
|
Таблица 4.
Плотность растворов гидроксидов натрия и калия
 Массовая
доля, w%
| Плотность г/см3
NaOH KOH
|  Массовая
доля, w%
| Плотность г/см3
NaOH KOH
|
 1
| 1.008
| 1.010
| 28
| 1.270
| 1.306
|
| 2
| 1.018
| 1.021
| 29
| 1.280
| -
|
| 3
| 1.027
| 1.032
| 30
| 1.291
| 1.328
|
| 4
| 1.036
| 1.043
| 31
| 1.301
| -
|
| 5
| 1.045
| 1.054
| 32
| 1.312
| 1.349
|
| 6
| 1.051
| 1.065
| 33
| 1.322
| -
|
| 7
| 1.064
| 1.076
| 34
| 1.333
| 1.370
|
| 8
| 1.073
| 1.087
| 35
| 1.344
| -
|
| 9
| 1.082
| 1.098
| 36
| 1.355
| 1.390
|
| 10
| 1.092
| 1.109
| 37
| 1.366
| -
|
| 11
| 1.101
| -
| 38
| 1.377
| 1.410
|
| 12
| 1.111
| 1.131
| 39
| 1.388
| -
|
| 13
| 1.120
| -
| 40
| 1.399
| 1.430
|
| 14
| 1.130
| 1.153
| 41
| 1.410
| -
|
| 15
| 1.140
| -
| 42
| 1.421
| 1.449
|
| 16
| 1.149
| 1.175
| 43
| 1.433
| -
|
| 17
| 1.159
| -
| 44
| 1.444
| 1.469
|
| 18
| 1.169
| 1.197
| 45
| 1.456
| -
|
| 19
| 1.179
| -
| 46
| 1.467
| 1.487
|
| 20
| 1.188
| 1.219
| 47
| 1.479
| -
|
| 21
| 1.198
| -
| 48
| 1.491
| 1.507
|
| 22
| 1.208
| 1.241
| 49
| 1.503
| -
|
| 23
| 1.218
| -
| 50
| 1.514
| 1.525
|
| 24
| 1.229
| 1.263
| 51
| 1.526
| -
|
| 25
| 1.239
| -
| 52
| 1.538
| -
|
| 26
| 1.249
| 1.285
| 53
|
|
|
| 27
| 1.259
| -
| 54
|
|
|
Плотность растворов аммиака
| Массовая
доля, %
| Плотность,
г/см3
| Массовая
доля, %
| Плотность,
г/см3
| Массовая
доля, %
| Плотность, г/см3
|
| 1
| 0.994
| 12
| 0.950
| 22
| 0.916
|
| 2
| 0.990
| 14
| 0.943
| 24
| 0.910
|
| 4
| 0.981
| 16
| 0.936
| 26
| 0.904
|
| 6
| 0.973
| 18
| 0.930
| 28
| 0.898
|
| 8
| 0.965
| 20
| 0.923
| 30
| 0.922
|
| 10
| 0.958
|
|
|
|
|
Таблица 5.
Константы и степени диссоциации кислот и оснований
| Кислота или основание
| Константа
диссоциации КД
|
рК = -lgКД
| a, % в 0.1 М
растворе
|
| HF
| 1.0*10-3
| 3.00
| 8.10
|
| HCN
| 4.9*10-10
| 9.31
| 0.01
|
| HNO2
| 7.1*10-4
| 3.15
| 8.00
|
| HCNS
| 1.0*10-4
| 4.00
|
|
| HClO
| 1.0*10-7
| 7.00
| 0.08
|
| HÀsO2
| 7.9*10-10
| 9.50
|
|
| HBO2
| 7.5*10-10
| 9.12
|
|
| CH3COOH
| 1.8*10-5
| 4.75
| 1.30
|
| H2SO3
| 1.2*10-2
| 1.92
| 29.20
|
| HSO3-
| 1.0*10-7
| 7.00
|
|
| H2S
| 9.0*10-8
| 7.24
| 0.11
|
| HS-
| 1.2*10-15
| 14.92
|
|
| H2SiO3
| 2.2*10-10
| 9.66
|
|
| HSiO3-
| 1.0*10-12
| 12.00
|
|
| H2CO3
| 3.5*10-7
| 6.52
| 0.17
|
| HCO3-
| 5.6*10-11
| 10.40
|
|
| H3AsO3
| 5.7*10-10
| 9.25
|
|
| H2AsO3-
| 3.0*10-14
| 13.56
|
|
| H3AsO4
| 5.6*10-3
| 2.26
|
|
| H2AsO4-
| 8.3*10-8
| 7.08
|
|
| HАsO42-
| 3.0*10-12
| 11.55
|
|
| H3BO3
| 7.3*10-10
| 9.23
|
|
| H2BO3-
| 1.8*10-13
| 12.74
|
|
| HBO32-
| 1.6*10-14
| 13.80
|
|
| H4B4O7
| 1.0*10-4
| 4.00
|
|
| H3PO3
| 5.0*10-2
| 1.30
|
|
| H2PO3-
| 2.0*10-5
| 4.70
|
|
| H3PO4
| 7.5*10-3
| 2.13
| 28.10
|
| H2PO4-
| 6.3*10-8
| 7.20
|
|
| HPO42-
| 3.6*10-13
| 12.44
|
|
| H4P2O7
| 1.4*10-1
| 0.86
|
|
| H3P2O7-
| 1.1*10-2
| 1.90
|
|
| H2P2O72-
| 2.1*10-7
| 6.68
|
|
| HP2O73-
| 1.0*10-10
| 10.00
|
|
| NH4OH
| 1.8*10-5
| 4.75
| 1.50
|
| N2H4*H2O
| 1.7*10-6
| 5.77
|
|
| Al(OH)3
| 1.4*10-9
| 8.86
| 0.001
|
| Ca(OH)2
| 4.5*10-2
|
|
|
| CaOH+
| 4.0*10-3
|
|
|
| Zn(OH)2
| 4.0*10-5
|
|
|
| AgOH
| 1.1*10-4
|
|
|
| Pb(OH)2
| 9.6*10-4
| 3.02
|
|
| Fe(OH)2
| 1.3*10-4
| 3.89
|
|
| Fe(OH)3
| 1.8*10-11
| 10.74
|
|
| Mg(OH)2
| 2.5*10-3
| 2.60
|
|
| Cu(OH)2
| 3.4*10-7
| 6.67
|
|
| Co(OH)2
| 2.0*10-4
|
|
|
| Mo(OH)2
| 1.0*10-4
|
|
|
Таблица 6
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