IV. Vowel diphthongs. Гласные дифтонги.

Звук	Правила
[ ei ]	Гласные дифтонги обычно возникают в следующих случаях: a в открытом слоге: game [ geim], pale [ peil ] ai в закрытом слоге: pain [ pein ], rail [ reil ] ay (обычно в конце): pray [ prei ], hay [ hei ] ey (редко, но метко) обычно в конце: grey [ grei ], survey [ ´sε:vei ] Примечание: 4. это же буквосочетание иногда даёт звук [ i: ]: key [ ki: ]
[ ai ]	обычно возникает в следующих случаях: буква i в открытом слоге: fine [ fain ], price [ prais ] ie на конце слова: pie [ pai ], die [ dai ] буква y в открытом слоге: rhyme [ raim ], syce [ sais ] и на конце слова: my [ mai ], cry [ krai ] ye на конце слова: dye [ dai ], rye [ rai ]
[ oi ]	обычно возникает в следующих случаях: oi (обычно в середине слова) - poison [ ´poizən ], noise [ noiz ] oy (обычно в конце) - boy [ boi ], alloy [ ´æloi ]
[ au ]	возникает в следующих буквосочетаниях: o + w: how [ hau ], down [ daun ] - (см. примечание) o + u: round [ raund ], pout [ paut ] Примечание: 1. это же буквосочетание часто даёт звук [ əu ] (см. ниже)
[ əu ]	обычно даёт буква o в открытом слоге: stone [ stəun ], lonely [ ´l əunli ] буквосочетания o + w (обычно в конце слова): blow [ bləu ], crow [ krəu ] - (см. примечание) ou перед l: soul [ səul ], foul [ fəul ] oa+ гласная: coach [ kəut∫ ], toad [ təud ] old (как в открытом слоге): cold [ kəuld ], gold [ gəuld ]. Примечание: 1. слово-исключение: both [ bəuθ ]; 2. это же буквосочетание часто даёт звук [ au ] (см. выше)
[ iə ]	дают следующие буквосочетания: ea + r: hear [ hiə ], near [ niə ] - (см. примечание) e + r + e: here [ hiə ], sere [ siə ] ee + r: deer [ diə ], peer [ piə ] Примечание: 1. если за этим буквосочетанием идёт согласная, то возникает звук [ ε: ] - dearth [ dε:θ ]. Исключение - beard [ biəd ]
[ eə]	дают следующие буквосочетания: a + r + e: dare [ deə ], flare [ fleə ] ai + r: hair [ heə ], fair [ feə ]
[ aiə]	дают следующие буквосочетания: i + r + e: fire [ faiə ], hire [ haiə ] y + r + e: tyre [ taiə ], pyre [ paiə ]

ü Чтобы упростить понимание данного материала, Вам предлагается таблица правил чтения гласных в 3 и 4 типе слога:

	The 3-rd type of syllable Гласная (vowel) + r	The 4-th type of syllable Гласная (vowel) + r + e
A	[ a: ] car [ka:]	[ eə ] dare [deə]
E	[ε: ] her [hε: ]	[ iə ] mere [miə]
I, Y	[ε: ] skirt [skε: t]	[ aiə] fire [faiə], tyre [ taiə ]
O	[o: ] pork [po:k]	[ o: ] more [mo:]
U	[ε: ] fur [fε: ]	[ju: ə ] cure [kju:ə]

PRACTICE.

1. Say with a teacher:

2. sss θθθ sss θθθ …	This is. Is this?
3. sθsθsθsθ …	That is. Is that?
4. zzzðððzzzððð…	It`s this.
5. zðzðzð…	It`s that.
6. sssðððsssððð…	It`s the other.
7. sðsðsð…	If this.
8. zzzθθθzzz θθθ…	If that.
9. zθzθzθ…	If the other.

 

2. Read:

advantage, suggest, engine, engineer, regular, general, dangerous, ganger, gear.

3. Spread into groups the following words in accordance with reading of letters с, cc, g: [s], [k], [ks]. [dʒ]. [g]. Read the words:

can, leg, process, grand, cite, gem, cell, cent, gun, city, game, engine, practice, close, copper, gentle, globe, scope, accumulate, access, scale, get, accept, century, produce, product, decide.

4. Read and explain the rules:

a) race, recent, necessary, gerund, brick, palace, scraper, piece, concrete, ago, Egypt, large.

b) especially, ancient, partial, article, artificial.

5. Read and define the type of syllable:

Cat, flat, meet, plate, name, Rome, top, dog, man, same, my, five, wet, mice, main, game, day, ice, pen, set, lead, pill, sit, hat, play, am, Pete, bed, met, bait, bean, bin, meet, read, fine, pain, it, fit, kill, tea.

 

6. Spread the words shown on the right in 2 columns:

Open type of syllable	Closed type of syllable
______________________	______________________	big, hot, get, late, so, bike, toe,
______________________	_______________________	true, long, lone, fin, site, kite,
______________________	_______________________	spite, spit, rid, cope, dike, delete
______________________	_______________________	inside,cod, code, mate,mat, map
______________________	_______________________	spice, date. rise, rule, broke, old
_______________________	_______________________	Stone, fork, light, cat, late, ping

 

7. Read and write the transcription of the following words:

Chin	Shook
Ship	God
Cat	Think
Cent	Both
that	This
Jin	she
Get	sing
Cut	Go
pong	Choice
Chest	whose
sheep	cheap
teach	knight
cook	hang
knock	who
wrong	when
mute	came
whom	chat
game	write
light	right
cock	might

8. Read the words, using open and closed syllable type:

Ride	Game	Nope	Map
Pile	Hunt	Gym	Lake
Take	Size	System	Fly
Sun	Mute	Kill	See
Chest	Sky	Site	Tan
Pat	Like	Pete	Chips
Did	Code	Must	Fine
Shop	fry	Like	Ann

9. Read the words, using the rules: -ee,- ea, -oo and make transcription:

Lead, been, cook, peel, feel, steel, meat, hook, shook, clean, read, meet, fool, too, peat, feet, meal, boot, soon, mean, eat, deed, boot, tooth, seed, keen, pea, spoon, loop, cool, sea, see, seal, look.

10. Write the transcription of vowels:

- be, feel, we, me, see, meet, deed, feet, need
-it, is, in, ill, sit, fill, live, win, till, mill
- bed, pen, ten, tell, set, let, met
- tie, lie, my, pie, die, life, time, five, nine, smile
- man, bad, hat, lamp, glad, fat, cat, black, sack
- day, late, tale, main, pain, rain, male, fail
- park, mark, arm, are, car, farm, large
- air, chair, care, fair, rare, parent
- there, where
- here, near, mere, clear, fear, bear
- hire, fire, tire, buyer, flyer
- our, flour, power, flower, down, town
- her, term, bird, firm, burn, turn, fur, learn
- sorry, story, warm, word, door, all, taught, talk

*11. Write the transcription of consonants combinations:

- think, thing, thin, death, threat.
- sing, song, bang, long, something, going, hung, wrong.
- this, that, those, the, these, there, other, another.
- ship, shop, she, clash, sharp, shine, shame, shape.
- chess, chop, chamber, charm, charity, future.
- phone, photo, phenomenon, phantom, pharos, philharmonic, phase.
- knife, know, knock, knit, knight, knee, knack.
- what, where, when, wheel, whiff, whip, whim.

*12. Read and make transcription:

arm	bar	star	far	dare
term	her	nerve	service	deer
fir	firm	bird	shirt	tyre
Storm	short	orbit	fur	fire
burn	born	turbine	surface	pork
more	spire	pure	occur	cure
mere	dear	bear	beer	mark
Lear	sport	core	shore	core
form	port	dark	spark	fork

*13. Transcribe the following words:

1. Rain, out, draw, pain, day, may, mouse, louse

2. Now, without, know, show, grow, flow

3. Clown, crown, flower, tower, bow, lawn

4. Say, main, lane, pray, plain, plate, gray

*14. Put the words in the correct column:

Her, take, red, rank, work, turn, tree, try, Ann, like, take, map, he, ill, risk, hot, but, home, mute, men, life, more, game, met, phone, chop, charm, long, sharp, fire, whip, fork, it, land, cat, ten, park, far, care, name, pork, dare, deer, maple, me, let, air, mark, trust, cut, tone, for sum, hope, smoke, sport,

hear, peer, side, hike, mere, beer, rat, lobe, us, lute, must, dot, lake, hurt, pork, skirt, frame, fur, wing.

The1-st type of syllable	The 2-nd type of syllable	The 3-rd type of syllable	The 4-th type of syllable
e.g. make	map	mark	more