B. Read the text below and choose the best answer. 


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B. Read the text below and choose the best answer.



The best public transport system in the world

Curitiba in Brazil is no ordinary city; it has the best public transport system in the world. The mayor, Jaime Lerner, along with the council, began developing the world-famous system in 1971.

Mr Lerner had grown up in Curitiba and knew that the street was an important part of city life for the residents. He made many of the streets into pedestrian areas, with no access for cars. The council put in flowers, lights, and kiosks where people could sell food and other products. To encourage shoppers to use the new areas, the mayor gave away free paper so that local children could paint pictures in the street. Cyclists also benefit from 150km of cycle lanes, which follow old river valleys and railway tracks around the city.

Mr Lerner realized that to increase the development and growth of the city in the future, the public transport system also had to improve. Buses were chosen as the main transport because it was the cheapest. Curitiba’s transport system now consists of over 300 routes that use around 1,900 buses to carry approximately 1.9 million passengers every day. Approximately 60km of the roads are for buses only, so traffic jams are unusual. Bus travel is faster and more convenient than using private cars. The city now uses 30% less fuel than other large cities in Brazil and people spend only about 10% of their yearly salaries on transport costs.

Some of the buses are able to carry 170–270 passengers. School buses are yellow, and buses for disabled people are blue. They are designed with three doors – two exits and one entrance – so that people can get on and off quickly. Bus stations provide free maps and facilities to help parents with young children and people carrying heavy bags to board the buses easily. Passengers buy a ticket at the office in advance and then wait for their bus, like in an underground station.

Because of the success of Curitiba’s public transport system, Jaime Lerner now offers advice to city councils around the world on how they can solve their cities’ transport problems.

 

Curitiba is different from other cities in the world.

A) True B) False C) Doesn’t say

 

Jaime Lerner spent a lot of time playing on the streets when he was a child.

A) True B) False C) Doesn’t say

 

 

The council allows people to sell things in the pedestrian streets.

A) True B) False C) Doesn’t say

 

All the kiosks sell local food.

A) True B) False C) Doesn’t say

 

The council chose to increase the bus service because it was the least expensive type of transport.

A) True B) False C) Doesn’t say

 

The population of the city is about 1.9 million.

A) True B) False C) Doesn’t say

 

Other large Brazilian cities are planning to cut the amount of fuel they use.

A) True B) False C) Doesn’t say

 

The buses are different colours according to what they are used for.

A) True B) False C) Doesn’t say

 

Passengers buy their tickets as they get on the buses.

A) True B) False C) Doesn’t say

 

Mr Lerner enjoys being an expert in developing public transport systems.

A) True B) False C) Doesn’t say

 

LISTENING

C. Listen to a conversation. Choose the best answer.

 

1) Jerry met Fiona _____.

A) at work B) at school C) at university

 

2) Emma met Fiona _____.

A) in the eighties B) a few years ago C) when she was a university student

 

3) At school, Fiona _____.

A) passed all her exams B) didn’t pass all her exams C) failed all her exams

 

4) Emma lost touch with Fiona _____.

A) when she was abroad B) when she was at university C) when she got married

 

5) Nowadays, Emma and Fiona _____.

A) get on well B) have similar lives C) have nothing in common

D. Listen to five conversations.

Choose the best option.

1) The neighbourhood is _____.

A) quiet B) dangerous C) safe

 

2) Gemma would like to spend the weekend _____.

A) by the sea B) in the city C) in the country

 

3) Carly _____.

A) has always kept in touch with Simon

B) would like to hear from Simon

C) has exchanged a few emails with Simon

 

4) Amanda would probably like to be good at _____.

A) tennis B) basketball C) football

 

5) As soon as Tom has his exam results _____.

A) he will take a year off

B) he will apply for a university place

C) he will start at university

 

Life's a journey not a destination

And I just can't tell just what tomorrow brings.

(from the album A Little South Of Sanity)

A) metonymy

B) synecdoche

C) pun

D) metaphor

The story was based on the concept of a true myth.

A) paradox

B) oxymoron

C) metaphor

D) metonymy

Their eyes followed him wherever he went.

A) metonymy

B) synecdoche

C) metaphor

D) pun

Paula planted the petunias in the pot.

A) Antonomasia

B) Alliteration

C) Inversion

D) oxymoron

The comedian was seriously funny.

A) pun

B) oxymoron

C) paradox

D) irony

Do you know why it's easy for a hunter to find a leopard? Because a leopard is always spotted.

A) pun

B) metaphor

C) metonymy

D) paradox

We are all shadows on the wall of time.

A) metaphor

B) simile

C) pun

D) alliteration

She had a photographic memory but never developed it.

A) alliteration

B) zeugma

C) metaphor

D) simile

 

49) "When I eventually met Mr. Right I had no idea that his first name was Always."

(Rita Rudner)

A) pun

B) epithet

C) antonomasia

D) paradox

The White House will be announcing the decision around noon today.

A) metonymy

B) metaphor

C) synecdoche

D) pun

He pleaded for her forgiveness but Janet’s heart was cold iron.

A) metaphor

B) epithet

C) alliteration

D) zeugma

The detective listened to her tales with a wooden face.

A) epithet

B) simile

C) metaphor

D) paradox

The wheels of justice turn slowly.

A) metaphor?

B) metonymy

C) synecdoche

D) simile

Fred's friends fried Fritos for Friday's food.

A) pun

B) alliteration

C) onomatopoeia

D) zeugma

55) "Modern dancing is so old fashioned."

A) irony

B) oxymoron

C) epithet

D) metaphor

Garry's giraffe gobbled gooseberry's greedily, getting good at grabbing goodies.

A) zeugma

B) pun

C) alliteration

D) rhyme

I wondered why the baseball kept getting bigger. Then it hit me.

A) pun

B) rhyme

C) repetition

D) alliteration

Do you have the original copies that we requested?

A) pun

B) oxymoron

C) alliteration

D) irony?

59) A sign on the lawn at a drug rehab center said: 'Keep off the Grass.'

A) alliteration

B) pun

C) zeugma

D) metonymy

She let such beautiful pearls of wisdom slip from her mouth without even knowing.

A) metaphor

B) metonymy

C) personification

D) pun

61) Phonetics is the study of

A) speech sounds

B) language

C) distinctive features

D) happiness

62) Theoretical study of speech like any science depends on analyzing:

A) many concepts

B) only acoustics

C) features only

D) phonemes only

Saussure noted that differences in meaning depended upon differences in

A) language change

B) syntagmatic and paradigmatic differences

C) syllables

D) generative rules.

Which variant of English is focused on in Davis?

A) British

B) Australian

C) Canadian

D) American

65) Ladefoged & Johnson is:

A) focused on British pronunciation

B) a general phonetics text

C) focused on acoustic phonetics

D) focused on Russian differences

66) Select the symbol for labialization:

A) ʵ

B) ʲ

C) ʷ

D) ʰ

Which vowel is rhotacized?

A) /a/

B) /u/

C) /ə/

D) /ɚ/

Reduction refers to eliminating sounds to make pronunciation easier.

True / False

In anticipatory coarticulation the phone adjusts to be more like

A) the preceding phone

B) the following phone.

In a reduced syllable, a sonorous consonant may replace the vowel as nucleus.

True / False

71) A segment with the feature + Syllabic could function as a syllable

A) onset

B) nucleus

C) coda

72) [approximant] is an option for which feature:

A) Stricture

B) Voicing

C) Tense

D) Lax

Gradually changing voice onset time will result in

A) gradual changes in perceptions

B) sharp changes at a boundary point

C) neither

Minimal pairs cannot be used to train second language learners to make new phonemic

classifications.

True / False

The unit of measurement for amplitude is the megaBel

True / False

???



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