Active Words and Word – Combinations. actuator — приводной механизм

actuator — приводной механизм                 

brake booster — усилитель тормоза

dashboard — приборная панель                             

deal with — иметь дело с

derivative — производный, вторичный                    

pivot — стержень

deviation — отклонение от нормы, девиация           

to turn off — выключить

distance error — ошибка в определении расстояния      

to tap — стучать

hood — (амер) капот                               

to shut off — выключить электропитание

Input — входное устройство                                 

to turn on — включить

integral factor — неотъемлемый фактор                         

sensor — датчик

instead of — вместо

invaluable — неоценимый

lead-foot — имеющий привычку водить автомобиль на большой скорости

output — выходное устройство автомобиля

overshooting — переход за установленный предел, отклонение

provide — обеспечивать, снабжать

resume button — кнопка возобновления действия

throttle valve — дроссельная заслонка

PID control — proportional-integral-derivative control

 

1. Answer the following questions:

1.What is cruise control?

2. What does it serve for?

3. Why is it more common on American cars?

4. What does adaptive cruise control allow you to do?

5. What are the functions of the cruise control?

6. What are the important safety features of cruise control?

7. What kind of actuators do many cars use?

8. What is the brain of a cruise control system and where is it situated?

9. How does cruise control system control the speed of a car?

10. What factors does PID control use?

11. What is the vehicle speed error?

12. What does the final factor, the derivative, do?

 

Find the Russian equivalent for the following English words:

1) to shut off

а)закрыть    

b)отключить    

с)подключить

2) valve

a)рычаг     

b)кнопка     

с)клапан

 

3) dashboard

а)прибор     

b)капот      

с)панель управления

 

4) to monitor

а)управлять    

b) ускорять   

с)выключать

 

5) to adjust

а) удерживать   

b) подгонять 

с)соединять

 

6) throttle

а) привод     

b) сцепление  

с)дроссель

 

7) to increase

а)увеличивать   

b) снижать   

с)изменять

 

8) acceleration

а) замедление     

b)ускорение      

с)связанность

 

9) to suffer

а) использовать   

b) страдать   

с)изнашивать

 

10) obsolete

а) современный  

b)устарелый   

с)измененный

 

11) straight

а) широкий           

b)узкий     

с)прямой

 

3. Choose the right word and fill in the gaps:

1. Without cruise control, long road trips would be more....

a) safe        

b) tiring      

c) funny

 

2. Cruise control is far more common on... cars than on European cars.

a) Japanese      

b) German     

c) American

 

3. The cruise control system actually has a lot of... other than controlling the speed of your car.

a) features      

b) applications       

c) functions

 

4. Cars will be equipped with... cruise control.

a) adaptive    

b) basic       

c) conventional

 

5. Holding down the set/accel button will make the car...

a) slow down      

b) accelerate        

c) stop

 

6. The throttle valve... power and speed of the engine by limiting how much air the engine takes in.

a) switches     

b) increases

c) controls

 

7. The brain of a cruise control system is a... that is normally found under the hood or behind the dashboard.

a) small computer      

b) electrical device      

c) engine

 

8. The proportional control... the throttle a little, but you may still slow down.

a) decreases         

b) opens       

c) increases

 

Divide text into logical parts and give each a suitable title.

 

5. Fill in the gaps with the words from the box:

up    without under    at least      with     behind  for  instead of

 

Without cruise control, long road trips would be more tiring, 1)______the driver 2)_______, and those of us suffering from lead-foot syndrome would probably get a lot more speeding tickets. With traffic continually increasing, basic cruise control is becoming less useful, but 3)______becoming obsolete, cruise control systems are adapting to this new reality. The brain of a cruise control system is a small computer that is normally found 4)______ the hood or 5)_______the dashboard. A good cruise control system accelerates aggressively to the desired speed 6)_______overshooting, and then maintains that speed 7)_______little deviation no matter how much weight is in the car, or how steep the hill you drive 8)_________.

 

 

Car Alarm

A car Alarm is an electronic device installed in a vehicle in an attempt to discourage theft. Car alarms work by emitting high-volume sound (usually a siren, klaxon, pre-recorded verbal warning, the vehicle’s own horn, or a combination thereof) when triggered or when circuit is breached.

Car alarms can be designed to be triggered by vibrations, tilting of the car (to prevent unauthorized towing), touching the car, the opening or closing of special switches (e.g. door contacts), sensing small but rapid changes in battery voltage (which might indicate an interior light going on, or the ignition circuit being activated), or using volumetric sensors such as ultrasound, infrared or microwave.

Many times a car alarm can be triggered accidentally. This may be caused by the passing of large trucks, the vibration of thunder or people coming into contact with the vehicle, triggering the alarm sensors. Some sensors may need adjustment in order to prevent false alarms.

Because of the large number of false alarms with car alarms, many vehicle manufacturers no longer factory fit simple noise-making alarms, instead offering silent — but effective — immobilizers. Alternatively, an aftermarket vehicle tracking system can enable the police to trace stolen vehicles. Most police tracking systems require the user to pay a recurring fee, whereas factory immobilizers are included in the purchase price of the vehicle. GPS locating systems enable the owner of the vehicle to lock and unlock, track, and disable the starter of the vehicle online. Other additional options allow the user to receive messages if the alarm is set off or if the vehicle breaches a specified speed or boundary. GPS systems are usually not paid monthly but locates are purchased. Both classes of devices deter someone from taking the vehicle without consent but do not cover theft from, or vandalism of the vehicle.

Yet another class of security covers aftermarket car alarms that include 2-way paging controllers. Two-way pagers have remote control functions built-in, allowing the user to arm and disarm the alarm while informing the user of threats made to the vehicle. Some 2-way systems have an LCD {Liquid crystal display) icon display that can pinpoint the actual part of the vehicle being threatened. Many two-way pagers can also alert the user with beeps or silent vibration.

An Anti-Hijack System is an electronic system fitted to motor vehicles to deter criminals from hijacking them. Although these types of systems are becoming more common on newer cars, they have not caused a decrease in insurance prices as they are not as widely known about as other more common anti-theft systems such as alarms or steering locks. It can also be a part of an alarm or immobiliser system.

There are three basic principles on which the systems work on.

A Lockout system is armed when the driver turns the ignition key to the on position and carries out a specified action, usually flicking a hidden switch or depressing the brake pedal twice. It is activated when the vehicle drops below a certain speed or becomes stationary, and will cause all of the vehicles doors to automatically lock, to prevent against thieves stealing the vehicle when it is stopped, for example at a traffic light or pedestrian crossing.

A Transponder system is a system which is always armed until a device, usually a small RFID transponder, enters the vehicles transmitter radius. Since the device is carried by the driver, usually in their wallet or pocket, if the driver leaves the immediate vicinity of the vehicle, so will the transponder, causing the system to assume the vehicle has been hijacked and disable it. As the transponder itself is concealed, the thief would not be aware that such a system is active on a vehicle until they had ejected the driver and moved the vehicle out of range of the driver (usually only a couple of metres). This is probably the most common anti-hijack system and a central locking system.

A Microswitch system is always armed and is usually activated if one of the vehicle doors is opened and closed again whilst the vehicle’s engine is running. Once the system has been activated, the driver will have a set time limit to disarm it by entering a code before the vehicle takes measures. If the system is not disarmed in the time window, it will warn the driver by sounding the vehicle’s horn once eveiy 10 seconds for 30 seconds, at which point the system will start sounding the horn at much shorter intervals and will usually activate the vehicle’s hazard lights. At this point the immobiliser circuit will also start rapidly pulsing for 40 seconds, completely disabling the engine and eventually bringing the vehicle to a stop. If the thief switches the ignition to the off position and back to the on position again, the horn will restart and operate constantly and the hazard lights will flash for 60 seconds.

The immobiliser circuit will close for 15 seconds and will rapidly pulse for 15 seconds before re-opening the circuit, allowing the vehicle to be driven to a safe location before once again being immobilised. The hazard lights will continue to flash, and on every subsequent attempt to start the vehicle will cause the horn to operate for 30 seconds, but the immobiliser circuit will not open, so the vehicle will not start and the hazard lights will keep flashing until the vehicles battery is drained or the system is disarmed.

An immobiliser or immobilizer is an electronic device fitted to an automobile which prevents the engine from running unless the correct key (or other token) is present. This prevents the car from being “hot wired” after entry has been achieved.

Immobilisers have been mandatory in all new cars sold in the United Kingdom since 1997 and in Australia since 2001. Early models used a static code in the ignition key (or key fob) which was recognised by an RFID loop around the lock barrel and checked against the vehicle’s ECU for a match. If the code is unrecognised, the ECU will not allow fuel to flow and ignition to take place. Later models use rolling codes or advanced cryptography to defeat copying of the code from the key or ECU.

The microcircuit inside the key is activated by a small electromagnetic field which induces current to flow inside the key body, which in turn broadcasts a unique binary code which is read by the automobile’s ECU. When the ECU determines that the coded key is both current and valid, the ECU activates the fuel-injection sequence.

In some vehicles, attempts to use an unauthorized or ‘non-sequenced’ key cause the vehicle to activate a timed no-start condition and in some highly advanced systems, even use satellite or mobile phone communication to alert a security firm that an unauthorized attempt was made to code a key.

Coincidentally, this information is often recorded in modem automobile ECUs, which may record many other variables including speed, temperature, driver weight, geographic location, throttle position and yaw angle. This information can be used during insurance investigations, warranty claims or technical troubleshooting.