V .  Переведите  данные предложения на английский язык.

1. Я умею говорить по-английски.

2. Я не могу перевести это предложение.

3. Можно мне войти?

4. Он может забыть об этом.

5. Я должен упорно работать над своим английским.

 6. Вы должны внимательно слушать преподавателя на занятии.

 7. Вы не должны опаздывать.

VI. Переведите  предложения с модальными глаголами:

1. This drug can suppress inflammation.

2. You may warm the ear drops to body temperature.

3. This medicine must be used regularly.

4. These medicines should be given with care.

5. The number of leaves on a plant can vary from several to thousands.

6. Carbon dioxide gas may be liquefied or solidified.

7. The atoms in diatomic molecules may be similar or they may be dissimilar.

8. A new medicine must undergo extensive testing in the laboratory.

9. Aspirin should not be given to children who have viral infections.

10. A chemical element is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler stuff by any chemical means. 

VII. 1. Произнесите по- английски.

¾ часа; ½ тонны; 0,5; 1,15; 12,305; 7,08; 8 марта; 9 мая; тысяча людей; тысячи людей; две тысячи долларов; сто писем; сотни школьников.

VIII. Образуйте порядковые числительные от следующих количественных (устно):

1; 3; 10; 13; 22; 30; 51; 55; 80; 99; 102; 111; 1000; 1111.

IX. Запомните:

Length                                 Weight                                           Liquids

1 inch = 2.54 cm                1 ounce {auns} /oz/ = 28.35 g   1 pint {paint} = 0.4732 dm

1 foot = 0.3048 m             1 pound /lb/ = 0. 454 kg             1 gallon = 3.7853 dm

1 yard = 3 feet =0.9144 m 1 stone = 14 pounds = 6.35 kg

1 mile = 1.609 km                                                                                      

X. Прочитайте и переведите следующие предложения.

1. William Shakespeare was born in 1564 and died in 1616 in Stratford-on-Avon. 2. Shakespeare wrote 37 plays. 3. Jack London was born on the 12th of January 1876 and died in 1916. 4. On April 12, 1961 the whole world learned about Gagarin’s flight into space.

XI.  Скажите по-английски.

a) 1 сентября 1984 года 8 мая 1861 года 7 ноября 1990 года

                                    21 января 1824 года

9 октября 1947 года  22 апреля 1907 года 11 марта 1951 года

                                     27 июля 1990года

5 июля 1945 года     10 февраля 1972 года 15 августа 1952 года

                                      31 декабря 2000 года

б) 1,325,543 книги      первый автобус около 18,000 студентов

                                       часть первая 

1,325 учеников         вторая страница более 1,500,000 человек

                                        номер десятый

266 дней                 сороковой размер менее 1000 страниц  

                                        параграф третий

XII. Прочитайте слова, запомните их произношение и дайте их русские эквиваленты:

chemical,substance, fundamental, combination, nitrogen, oxygen, aluminum, extremely, helium, electronic, equivalent, energy, nucleus, valence, hydrogen, electrovalent, ionic, ion, electrostatic, structure

XIII. Выучите следующие слова и словосочетания:

constitute – составлять

 obviously – очевидно

abundant – распространенный, обильный

crust – корка; покрываться коркой

universe – вселенная

attributable – определительный, характерный

accordingly – соответственно

melting point – точка плавления

boiling point – точка кипения

indicate – указывать

positively charged – положительно заряженный

negatively charged – отрицательно заряженный

determine – определять

valence – валентность

require – требовать

 bond, bonding – связь

covalent bond – ковалентная связь

transfer – перемещать

confirm – подтверждать; поддерживать

tentative – гипотетический, предполагаемый

XIV. Прочтите следующие вопросы и пометьте те из них, на которые вы можете ответить и те, на которые вы затрудняетесь ответить.

1. What does all matter basically consist of?

2. What is a chemical element?

3. Can you name the most abundant elements in nature?

4. What is the total number of elements known today?

5. What do the properties of the chemical elements depend on?

6. What does the atomic number of an element indicate?

7. How is the ability of an atom to combine with another atom called?

8. How are the atoms held together?

9. What kinds of bonding do you know?

10. What is the Periodic Table of elements?

XV. Прочтите текст А и найдите в нем ответы на «трудные» вопросы и отметьте те, на которые вы ответили неправильно.

                                           Text A. Chemical Elements

A chemical element is any substance that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by ordinary chemical processes. Chemical elements constitute the fundamental materials of which all matter consists. Of all the known elements, 90 occur in nature either chemically free or in combination with other elements.

About one-third of the elements found in nature occur in a chemically free state on Earth. These elements, which obviously are not very active chemically, include nitrogen, gold, platinum, copper, and the noble gases. The five most abundant elements in the Earth’s crust are oxygen (466,000 parts per 1,000,000, or 46,6%), silicon (27,7%), aluminum (8,1%), iron (5%), and calcium (3,6%). Hydrogen is by far the most abundant element in the universe, accounting for more than 90% of the total number of atoms and for about three-fourths of the mass. Helium is next in abundance, constituting about 7% of the number of atoms and nearly one-fourth of the total mass.

The properties of the elements are to a large degree attributable to the electronic structure and size of their atoms. Accordingly, they are extremely diverse. Helium, for example, has the lowest-known melting point (-271,4 degrees C at 29,6 atmospheric pressure) and boiling point (- 268,98 degrees C) of any of the elements, while tungsten has the highest-known melting point (3,370 degrees C) and boiling point (5,900 degrees C).

The atomic number of an element indicates the number of protons (positively charged particles) in the nucleus of a given atom. It is also the number of electrons (negative charged particles) in the atom that determines the chemical properties of the element. Each electron moves in an atomic orbit (equivalent to a particular energy level) around the nucleus.

The ability of an atom to combine chemically with another atom is called its valence. The valence of an element is the number of electrons it needs to gain or lose in order to make it stable. Atoms require a total of eight electrons in the outermost energy level to be stable in the case of the lightest atoms (hydrogen and helium) the number is two.

The way in which atoms are held together is known as bonding. The covalent bond is a type of chemical bond in which atoms are held together by shared pairs of electrons which move around both atoms. The electrovalent (or ionic) bond is another kind of chemical bond between atoms. Here, electrons are transferred from one atom to another forming ions. This produces electrostatic attraction; in other words, the attraction between opposite charges holds the ions together.

As the list of different elements grew in the 19^th century – by 1860 over 80 were known – chemists attempted to group them together and to classify them according to their behavior. In 1869 the Russian chemist Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleyev made a complete table by arranging the elements in order of their atomic weights in rows so that elements with similar properties appeared in columns.

The Periodic Table produced by Mendeleyev was refined by further research into the structure of atoms. At present there are 110 known chemical elements. (The discovery of element 110, reported in 1987 by Soviet scientists, remains unconfirmed, however, and is still considered extremely tentative).

XVI. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты названий следующих химических элементов: золото, кремний, медь, азот, алюминий, железо, кальций, водород, платина, гелий, кислород, благородные газы, вольфрам.