Divide these sources of energy into two groups: renewable and non-renewable. Name those which refer to fossil fuels. 


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Divide these sources of energy into two groups: renewable and non-renewable. Name those which refer to fossil fuels.



sun, petroleum, uranium, wind, biofuel, wave, plutonium, natural gas, water, coal, oil.

 

Rearrange the letters to name six sources of energy.

1) uns; 2) fbielou; 3) dwni; 4) plumutoin; 5) weva; 6) peumroetl.

 

Complete the crossword with the words from the previous exercises.

Across

1) When a nuclear plant is put into action it is _____.

3) The flow of electrons produces this type of energy.

7) This heat comes from the earth itself.

9) This is where gas was made from coal in the past.

10) Almost all the energy we use comes from this.

12) The reactor in nuclear power stations contains a nuclear fuel such as _____.

13) These turn the energy in sunlight into electricity.

14) This kind of energy is in things that are moving, e.g. a moving turbine.

15) This is a hydroelectric power station together with its dam and reservoir.

16) This is made from plant or animal matter.

Down

2) The main way of heating homes before central heating.

4) This energy is associated with electric current.

5) Exhaust gases from vehicles and power stations, methane from oil and gas rigs and CFCs in refrigerators all contribute to this effect.

6) This type of fuel is used to power all sorts of vehicles.

8) This power comes from the pressure or movement of a liquid.

11) Another word for oil.

15) This type of energy comes from the sun.

 

Read and translate the text.

 

The UK’s Energy System

The UK’s energy system has changed dramatically over the last century.

In the first half of the twentieth century coal was the dominant fuel in industry and electricity power plants, and in houses and businesses. Town-gas networks existed only in larger towns, with the gas derived from coal.

In the second half of the 20th century there were the following changes:

- coal continued to be of central importance for electricity generation, although its importance elsewhere fell substantially;

- nuclear power plants began to be commissioned from the mid-1950s;

- the electricity industry was combined into state-owned monopolies, during the 1950s;

- the high voltage electricity transmission network was created in order to transport electricity over long distances from big power plants;

- electricity distribution networks shrank in importance and activity;

- during the 1960s and 1970s there was a move to an extensive natural gas network for heating (industry, commerce, and domestic);

- demand for transport fuel increased dramatically;

- gas-fired central heating largely replaced open coal fires in homes;

- the use of electrical appliances in commerce and the domestic sector increased hugely.

In 1950, the energy system for both industry and domestic demand was fuelled by coal. Today domestic natural gas is the UK’s largest source of energy.

Developments in technology are gradually lowering the costs of generating electricity from alternative and renewable sources. The increasing and fluctuating prices of natural gas are contributing to making biomass and wind energy competitive.

Nowadays we are seeing increasing interest in those renewable sources of energy which can deliver clean and cheap types of energy, using environmentally-friendly processes and equipment.

 

6. Answer the following questions:

1) How much has the UK’s energy system changed over the last century?

2) What was industry and domestic demand fuelled by in 1950?

3) Which changes of the second half of the 20th century are the most important and dramatic in your opinion?

4) When was the first nuclear power plant commissioned?

5) What tendency are we seeing nowadays?

6) What sources of energy are the most environmentally-friendly to you mind?

7) Have you ever seen open coal fires? Are they used in our country?

8) What does the UK’s energy system have in common with our energy system?

 



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