Dear Viktor, you're dead, love Dmitry

Annotation and rendering.

 

Annotation and rendering have become important in providing people with an ability to exchange information quicker. They help specialists to reduce time spent on data processing. The essence of annotation and rendering is that they contract the volume of information. The basis for such contraction is the redundancy of language and absence (lack) of univocal correspondence between the content of idea and the form of its representation in speech. Rendering preserves the content essence not taking into account everything that is secondary and illustrative. Annotation and rendering are to provide the reader with the most important and necessary information. If the reader gets interested in annotation or rendering he can be guided by bibliography and find the primary source(s) where he can get information at full length. Thus the function of annotation and rendering is very important: to familiarize the reader with the sources of information needed.

Annotation and rendering are the secondary documentary sources. They are the documents that give information about primary sources.

Though the function of annotation and rendering is the same there is some basic difference between them. Annotation just enumerates the issues discussed in the primary source not explaining the content of issues. Rendering, on the contrary, not only enumerates all the issues but also informs about the essential content of each one. We can say that annotation informs what the primary source is about whereas rendering informs about what is written on every issue discussed.

Annotation shows the way to the primary source(s) of information and it can not substitute it (them) whereas rendering can substitute the primary source as it gives the essential content of the material.

 

Annotation

 

An annotation is a brief description of a book, article, or other publication, including audio-visual materials. Its purpose is to characterize the publication in such a way that the reader can decide whether to read the complete work or not. Annotations vary according to their intended use and their content. There are two types of annotations: descriptive and critical.

Descriptive Annotations describe the content of a book or article and indicate distinctive features.

Critical Annotations, in addition to describing the contents, evaluate the usefulness of a book or article for particular situations.

When you write an annotation do not retell the content of the article, book or document (conclusions, recommendations, facts). Try to minimize the use of complex turns of speech, personal and demonstrative pronouns.

Annotation can be divided into 3 basic parts:

1. Introductory part – complete bibliographic entry.

2. Main body – basic issues discussed in the article (book, document). Include some or all of the following:

a. Authority and qualifications of the author, unless extremely well known. e.g. "Based on twenty years of study, William A. Smith, professor of history at XYZ University..."

b. Scope and main purpose of text. Do not try to summarize the whole work. e.g. "Discusses the positive impact of Medicare on the psychiatric profession."

c. Any bias that you note.

d. Audience and level of reading difficulty. Such a comment warns readers of writings that are too elementary or scholarly for their purposes. e.g. "Swift addressed himself to the scholar, but the concluding chapters will be clear to any informed lay person."

e. The relation, if any, of other works in the field. "This corroborates the findings of George Brown's Revolution."

3. Summary comment. e.g. "A popular account directed at educated adults."

 

General requirements to annotations are the following:

1. The volume of annotation is from 500 to 2000 printed characters.

2. Logical structure that can be different from that of an article (book, document).

3. Language (linguistic) peculiarities of annotation should be observed. That is:

- basic points of the primary source should be given in a simple, clear and brief way;

- any repetitions, including the title of the article (book, document) should be avoided;

- the unity of terms and abbreviations should be preserved;

- generally accepted abbreviations should be used;

- adjectives, adverbs and parenthetical words irrelevant to the content should not be used;

- impersonal constructions (e.g. it is said that…) and passive voice should be used.

 

SAMPLE DESCRIPTIVE ANNOTATION

London, Herbert. "Five Myths of the Television Age." Television Quarterly 10(1) Spring 1982:81-89.

The author explains how television contradicts five ideas commonly believed by most people, using specific examples seen on television, such as the assassination of John Kennedy, to demonstrate his points. His examples contradict such truisms as "seeing is believing", "a picture is worth a thousand words", and "satisfaction is its own reward." London uses logical arguments to support his ideas, and doesn't refer to any previous works on the topic: the article is his personal opinion.

 

SAMPLE CRITICAL ANNOTATION

London, Herbert. "Five Myths of the Television Age." Television Quarterly 10(1) Spring 1982:81-89.

Herbert London, a Dean at New York University and author of several books and articles, explains how television contradicts five ideas commonly believed by most people, using specific examples seen on television, such as the assassination of John Kennedy, to demonstrate his points. His examples contradict such truisms as "seeing is believing", "a picture is worth a thousand words", and "satisfaction is its own reward." London uses logical arguments to support his ideas, and doesn't refer to any previous works on the topic: the article is his personal opinion. His style and vocabulary would make the article of interest to any reader. The article clearly illustrates London's points, but does not explore their implications, leaving the reader with many unanswered questions.

 

 

Texts for annotation

 

Text 1

Russia and Ukraine

Text 2

 

Lockerbie fallout

Counting the cost

Aug 27th 2009 | EDINBURGH AND LONDON
From The Economist print edition

Courting Qaddafi

Britain’s business interests in Libya are indeed substantial. British imports alone topped £1 billion ($1.9 billion) in 2008, and both imports and exports rose steeply in the first five months of 2009. It is not just the profits from helping to expand Libyan daily oil production from 1.7m barrels to 3m barrels by 2013 that British firms hope to reap, though Libyan oil is easily accessible and underexplored.

City financial firms, happy to channel Libya’s foreign investments now, want to develop financial services in the North African country too. Retailers such as Marks & Spencer, one of the 150 British firms present in Libya, hope to expand there, and defence and construction contracts beckon. But Britain and its companies are not alone in spotting opportunity in Libya: French, Italian and indeed American firms are all courting Mr Qaddafi. Gene Cretz, America’s first ambassador to Libya in 36 years, waxed enthusiastic earlier this year about expanding tourism and military ventures. (Scottish companies—especially oil and gas firms in and around Aberdeen, the political heartland of Alex Salmond, Scotland’s first minister—have commercial ties to Libya too.)

At an emergency session of the Scottish Parliament on August 24th, Mr MacAskill explained that under Scottish law compassion should be applied “no matter the severity of the provocation or the atrocity perpetrated”. He has supporters, including the Catholic and Protestant churches of Scotland and two-thirds of Scottish lawyers, according to one poll. Many Scots resent American criticism of his decision.

But his opponents (who also have his boss, the cunning and popular Mr Salmond, in their sights), are not letting up. Scotland’s Parliament will return to the matter on September 2nd. Annabel Goldie, the Scottish Tory leader, expects it to pass a motion declaring “for the world to hear” that Mr MacAskill’s decision “was not taken in the name of the Scottish people”. A YouGov poll published on August 27th found that over half of the Scots surveyed did not approve of Mr Megrahi’s release, and almost a third think that Mr MacAskill should resign.

 

Text 3

 

War crimes and international justice

Always get your man

Oct 22nd 2009
From The Economist print edition

Text 4

 

Sudan and Darfur

Obama’s man flies in

Although the death rate is sharply down, chaos on the ground still prevails—and could easily become much bloodier again. More parts of the region are unsafe for aid workers. It is harder to negotiate safe passage with increasingly unpredictable armed groups. General Agwai was promised 26,000 troops. He still has only 17,000. They cannot ensure humanitarian workers secure access to the region, so the food and medical handouts on which some 2.7m Darfuris survive often fail to get through. A political solution is as sorely needed as ever.

Fortunately, another general, this one formerly of the American air force, is providing fresh political momentum. Scott Gration, Barack Obama’s energetic new special envoy to Sudan, believes that the best chance of peace for this divided country remains the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) signed in 2005 between the Islamist government in Khartoum, in the north of the country, and the former rebels of south Sudan, who are quite separate from the Darfuris, and had been fighting their northern masters for most of the past half-century. The CPA offers a new deal for the whole of Sudan, including national elections to be held next year and the possibility of secession for the south following a referendum promised for 2011. But it has been under severe strain partly because of intertribal fighting in the south.

Mr Gration is using his political clout to force both sides to stick to their agreements under the CPA, thus offering hope that the peace will stick and that the south will be allowed to split off peacefully, if it chooses to. He has also enjoyed some success in softening the Sudanese government’s stance on Darfur, for instance by persuading the regime to allow in other aid agencies to replace those expelled in retaliation for the issuing of the ICC’s arrest warrant for Mr Bashir in March. Some of Mr Obama’s people think Mr Bashir’s indubitably nasty regime should be further isolated and squeezed by economic sanctions. Mr Gration, by contrast, favours a wary but active engagement with Sudan’s government in the hope that it will be more co-operative and less brutal in Darfur and the south. At the moment Mr Gration’s approach seems to be yielding results and should be supported.

 

Text 5

Unemployment benefits

Read this shirt

Text 6

Palestine and Israel

Text 7

Turkey and its rebel Kurds

An endless war

Annotation and rendering.

 

Annotation and rendering have become important in providing people with an ability to exchange information quicker. They help specialists to reduce time spent on data processing. The essence of annotation and rendering is that they contract the volume of information. The basis for such contraction is the redundancy of language and absence (lack) of univocal correspondence between the content of idea and the form of its representation in speech. Rendering preserves the content essence not taking into account everything that is secondary and illustrative. Annotation and rendering are to provide the reader with the most important and necessary information. If the reader gets interested in annotation or rendering he can be guided by bibliography and find the primary source(s) where he can get information at full length. Thus the function of annotation and rendering is very important: to familiarize the reader with the sources of information needed.

Annotation and rendering are the secondary documentary sources. They are the documents that give information about primary sources.

Though the function of annotation and rendering is the same there is some basic difference between them. Annotation just enumerates the issues discussed in the primary source not explaining the content of issues. Rendering, on the contrary, not only enumerates all the issues but also informs about the essential content of each one. We can say that annotation informs what the primary source is about whereas rendering informs about what is written on every issue discussed.

Annotation shows the way to the primary source(s) of information and it can not substitute it (them) whereas rendering can substitute the primary source as it gives the essential content of the material.

 

Annotation

 

An annotation is a brief description of a book, article, or other publication, including audio-visual materials. Its purpose is to characterize the publication in such a way that the reader can decide whether to read the complete work or not. Annotations vary according to their intended use and their content. There are two types of annotations: descriptive and critical.

Descriptive Annotations describe the content of a book or article and indicate distinctive features.

Critical Annotations, in addition to describing the contents, evaluate the usefulness of a book or article for particular situations.

When you write an annotation do not retell the content of the article, book or document (conclusions, recommendations, facts). Try to minimize the use of complex turns of speech, personal and demonstrative pronouns.

Annotation can be divided into 3 basic parts:

1. Introductory part – complete bibliographic entry.

2. Main body – basic issues discussed in the article (book, document). Include some or all of the following:

a. Authority and qualifications of the author, unless extremely well known. e.g. "Based on twenty years of study, William A. Smith, professor of history at XYZ University..."

b. Scope and main purpose of text. Do not try to summarize the whole work. e.g. "Discusses the positive impact of Medicare on the psychiatric profession."

c. Any bias that you note.

d. Audience and level of reading difficulty. Such a comment warns readers of writings that are too elementary or scholarly for their purposes. e.g. "Swift addressed himself to the scholar, but the concluding chapters will be clear to any informed lay person."

e. The relation, if any, of other works in the field. "This corroborates the findings of George Brown's Revolution."

3. Summary comment. e.g. "A popular account directed at educated adults."

 

General requirements to annotations are the following:

1. The volume of annotation is from 500 to 2000 printed characters.

2. Logical structure that can be different from that of an article (book, document).

3. Language (linguistic) peculiarities of annotation should be observed. That is:

- basic points of the primary source should be given in a simple, clear and brief way;

- any repetitions, including the title of the article (book, document) should be avoided;

- the unity of terms and abbreviations should be preserved;

- generally accepted abbreviations should be used;

- adjectives, adverbs and parenthetical words irrelevant to the content should not be used;

- impersonal constructions (e.g. it is said that…) and passive voice should be used.

 

SAMPLE DESCRIPTIVE ANNOTATION

London, Herbert. "Five Myths of the Television Age." Television Quarterly 10(1) Spring 1982:81-89.

The author explains how television contradicts five ideas commonly believed by most people, using specific examples seen on television, such as the assassination of John Kennedy, to demonstrate his points. His examples contradict such truisms as "seeing is believing", "a picture is worth a thousand words", and "satisfaction is its own reward." London uses logical arguments to support his ideas, and doesn't refer to any previous works on the topic: the article is his personal opinion.

 

SAMPLE CRITICAL ANNOTATION

London, Herbert. "Five Myths of the Television Age." Television Quarterly 10(1) Spring 1982:81-89.

Herbert London, a Dean at New York University and author of several books and articles, explains how television contradicts five ideas commonly believed by most people, using specific examples seen on television, such as the assassination of John Kennedy, to demonstrate his points. His examples contradict such truisms as "seeing is believing", "a picture is worth a thousand words", and "satisfaction is its own reward." London uses logical arguments to support his ideas, and doesn't refer to any previous works on the topic: the article is his personal opinion. His style and vocabulary would make the article of interest to any reader. The article clearly illustrates London's points, but does not explore their implications, leaving the reader with many unanswered questions.

 

 

Texts for annotation

 

Text 1

Russia and Ukraine

Dear Viktor, you're dead, love Dmitry

Aug 20th 2009 | KIEV AND MOSCOW
From The Economist print edition