The Court system in Great Britain 


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The Court system in Great Britain



Supreme Court of Judicature is a court created by the Judicature Act of 1873-1875 to take over the jurisdiction of all the higher courts, other than the House of Lords. It does not sit as a single court but comprises the High Court of Justice, the Court of Appeal, and the. Crown Court.

Its practice is regulated by the Rules of the Supreme Court.

Court of Appeal exercises appellate jurisdiction over all judgments and orders of the High Court and most determination', of judges of the country courts. In some cases the Court ol Appeal is the court of last resort, but in most cases its decisions can be appealed to the House of Lord. The Court is divided into a Civil Division presided over by the Master of the Rolls, and a Criminal Division presided over by the Lord Chief Justice The High Court ofJustice is divided into the three Divisions the Queen!s Bench Division (QBD), Chancery Division, anil Family Division.

The Queen's Bench Division's principal business is the trial of civil actions based upon contract or torts. It also has important appellate functions in relation to appeals from magistrates' courts and certain tribunals and exercises supervisory

jurisdiction over all inferior courts. The Admiralty Court and Commercial Court are part of the QBD.

The work of the Chancery Division is principally concerned with matters relating to real property, trusts, and the administration of estates. It also deals with company law, patents and other intellectual property.

The effective head of the Division is the Vice Chancellor, although Lord Chancellor is nominally its president.

Family Division is concerned with family proceedings and noncontentious probate matters. The chief judge of the Division is called the President

The Crown Court has an unlimited jurisdiction over all criminal cases tried on indictment and also acts as a court for ihe hearing of appeals from magistrates' courts.

Tasks and exercises

1. Fill in the schemes:

 

 

 

2.Complete the sentences:

1)The Court of Appeal is divided into....

2) The Admiralty Court and Commercial Court are...

3) Family Division is concerned with...

4) The Queen's Bench Division's principal business is...

5) Matters relating to real property, trusts arc considered...

6) The Court of Appeal exercises...

3. Make up sentences using the words below according to the model:

The head of the Family Division is President.

1) The Chancery Division — Lord Chancellor (Vicc Chancellor).

2) The Civil Division of the Court of Appeal — tin- Master of the Rolls.

3) The Criminal Division of the Court of Appeal — the Lord Chief Justice.

4. Speak on the structure of the Court System in GB.

5. Read the text and answer the questions below.

 

Civil and Criminal Court in Great Britain

Civil Courts exercise jurisdiction over civil rather than criminal cases. In England the principal civil courts of fit si instance are the county courts and the High Court.

Magistrates' courts have limited civil jurisdiction, mainly confined to matrimonial proceedings.

Criminal Courts exercise jurisdiction over criminal ratlin than civil cases. In England all criminal cases must be initiated in the magistrates' courts. Summary offences and some indictable offences are also tried by magistrates' courts. Hit more serious indictable offences are committed to the Crown Court for Trial.

Questions:

1) Why does the author use the word «rather» when he describes the functions ofthe Courts?

2) What is the difference between indictable and summary offences?

3) What is the principal function of magistrates' courts: to hear criminal or civil cases?

4) What civil matters do magistrates' courts usually deal with?

5) What courts of first instance hear civil cases?

6) What are the main spheres of the High Court and of the Crown Court? Which of them hears mostly civil cases and which of them hears mostly criminal cases?

Unit 76

CORONERS' COURTS

Coroners in England and Wales investigate violent and unnatural deaths or sudden deaths when the cause is unknown. An inquest is, however, not necessary if a sudden death was due to natural causes.

The coroner must hold an inquest if the deceased died a v mlent or unnatural death or died in prison or in other specified circumstances.

It is the duty of the coroner's court to establish how, when and where the deceased died. A coroner may sit alone or, in certain circumstances, with a jury.

Tasks and exercises

1. Copy out and translate all the words with the negative prefixes.

2. React to the statements (Agree or disagree):

1) A coroner always sits alone.

2) The duty of the coroner's court is to establish the cause of the death.

3) Coroner investigates all cases of death — natural and unnatural.

4) Coroners investigate all cases of sudden death.

3. Insert the words missing:

1) A coroner's inquest is not held if the death was due... natural causes.

2) A coroner investigates the case if a person died... prison.

3) If a person died... specified circumstances the coroner must hold an inquest.

4. Use the expressions «Then the coroner must» or «Thctv is no need for the coroner...» when reacting to the statements:

1) Mr. Black died in prison last week.

2) Mr. Brown was found dead in his cottage though he was only 40 years and did not complain of any diseases.

3) Mrs. Denvers was 92 years. She died in her sleep ill home.

4) Samuel, aged 32, a journalist was found dead in his hotel-room after the promise to publish sonu- sensational materials.

5) Mr. Demnis who ran for a governor, was found dead by his wife in the bathroom.

6) Sir Rolph, a businessman, fell tripped over the stone and crashed his skull when he was escorted by his bodyguards to the office.

7) The pensioner had a heart attack when he was working in his garden.

5. Read the article given below and answer the questions

1) Do you believe that the prisoner committed suicide?

2) Why was the coroner involved?

3) Are there any suspicious facts in this case?

4) What would you do if you were a coroner?



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