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Great Britain

1. The British Isles lie off the north-west coast of continental Europe. They are made up of Great Britain (England, Scotland and Wales) and Northern Ireland. The total area of the British Isles is 121,000 square miles. The country is washed by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea and the Irish Sea, which is between Great Britain and Ireland.

2. In Britain the higher lands are found in the north and west. There are no high mountains in Britain. The chief rivers are the Severn and the Thames. The climate of Great Britain is mild. It is not too hot in summer and too cold in winter. It often rains in England.

3. The population of Great Britain is nearly 60 million people. The population lives mostly in towns and cities and their suburbs. Four out of every five people live in towns. The British nation consists of the English, the Scots, the Welsh and the Irish. There are many people of all colours and races in the United Kingdom. The official language is English.

4. The UK is a parliamentary monarchy. The British Parliament consists of two Houses: the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The Prime Minister is the head of the Government. The main political parties of Great Britain are the Labour Party, the Liberal Party, the Conservative Party.

5. The United Kingdom has some mineral resources. Coal and oil are the most important of them. The United Kingdom is one of the world's most industrialized countries. The main industrial centers are Sheffield, Birmingham, Cardiff, Manchester, Belfast and others. Agriculture takes an important sector in economy of the country. The British people grow wheat, fruit, vegetables and oats.

6. The Union Flag, approved in 1801, is a combination of the banners of England (St. George's flag, which has a horizontal red cross on a white field), Scotland (St. Andrew's flag, which has a white cross on a blue background) and Ireland (St. Patrick's flag with a red cross on a white field). The flag is called "The Union Jack".

7. London is the capital of Great Britain. It covers more than 600 square miles and consists of 33 separate boroughs, including the City, the West End, the East End and houses over 12 million people. British has more living symbols of its past than many other countries, and there are many ancient buildings like the House of Parliament, Westminster Abbey, or St. Paul's Cathedral in its capital. London is packed with interest and it's all in colour. So whether you're new to the city, or you've visited it before there will be something exciting in London.

 

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1. The flag is called "The Union Jack".

2. A few years after the last Roman troops had been withdrawn; the Angles, Saxons and Jutes came from north-central Europe.

3. In 1066 England was invaded by William the Conqueror.

4. About 70% of all the houses in London are occupied by their owners.

 

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1. It can rain all day long in England.

2. One may see people of all colours and races in the UK.

3. "Great Britain" is a geographical expression but "The United Kingdom" must be a political expression.

 

5. Письменно ответьте на вопросы.

1. What is the geographical position of the USA?

2. What mineral resources does the USA have?

3. What leading towns of the USA do you know?

4. What is the structure of the government of the USA?

 

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The USA

1. The United States of America (USA) is one of the largest countries in the world. The population of the USA is about 250 million people. The USA has fifty states. Its capital is Washington, D.C.

2. In the north the USA borders on Canada and in the South it borders on Mexico. It is washed by the Atlantic Ocean in the east and by the Pacific Ocean in the west. Hawaii, which became the 50^,h state in 1959, is situated in the Pacific Ocean. Alaska is separated from Russia by the Bering Strait. It is the biggest state of the country.

3. As the USA is a large country, the climate is different in different regions. For example, the Pacific coast is a region of mild winters and warm, dry summers, but the eastern continental region is watered with rainfall. The region around the Great Lakes has changeable weather. There are many mountains in the USA. The main river in the country is the Mississippi. There are five Great Lakes between the USA and Canada.

4. There are many big cities in the country. New York is the city of social contrasts, financial and business center of the USA. Boston has three universities in it. Chicago is one of the biggest industrial cities in the USA. Detroit is one of the biggest centers of the automobile industry. Hollywood is the center of the US film business. The USA has an Academy of Science. There are many scientific institutions, museums, libraries, theatres and other interesting places in the country.

5. The USA is a highly developed industrial country. It is rich in mineral resources, such as salt, aluminium, copper and others. It produces coal, iron ore, natural gas and oil. Such industries as machine-building, shipbuilding are highly developed in the country. American agriculture produces a lot of food products: grain, fruit and vegetables.

6. District of Columbia as the seat of the national government. The President is the head of the state, of the federal government and he chooses its ministers, called 'cabinet leaders'. Congress consists of two houses, The House of Representatives and the Senate. In the USA there are two main political parties, the Democratic Party and the Republican Party.

7. Washington, the capital of the USA was named in honour of the first president, George Washington. It is located on the north bank of the Potomac River. Washington is one of the most beautiful and unusual cities in the USA. It has little industry. Washington looks different from other cities. No building in the city may be more than 40 meters tall. The Capitol is the tallest building in Washington. This is where laws are made. The White House is home of every president of the United States.