Тема іv. Економіка великобританії. 


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Тема іv. Економіка великобританії.



 

I. Read the following words.

Manufactured, employed, agriculture, mining, building, provide, natural, resources, richly, cultivation, sheep breeding, pig raising, soil, fertile, quality, expensive, characteristic, semi-finished, cheap, mostly, precision, equipment, chemicals, woolen, leather, synthetic, original, coal mining, iron steel, engineering, particularly, aircraft, automobile, atomic, reactor, emphasis.

 

II. Read and translate the following text:

British Economy

The United Kingdom is one of the world’s largest exporters of manufactured goods per head of population. For every person employed in agriculture eleven people are employed in mining, manufacturing and building.

Apart from coal and iron ore Britain has very few natural resources. Its agriculture provides only half the food it needs. Most of if the raw materials such as oil and various metals (copper zinc, uranium ore and others) have to be imported. Britain also has to import timber, cotton, fruit and farm products.

Britain used to be richly forested, but most of the forests were cut down to make more room for cultivation. The greater part of land is used for cattle and sheep breeding, and pig raising. Among the crops grown on the farms are wheat, barley and oats. The fields are mainly in the eastern part of the country. Most of the farms are small. Farms tend to be bigger where the soil is less fertile.

Britain produces high quality expensive goods, which has always been characteristic of its industry. A shortage of raw materials, as well as the high cost of production makes it unprofitable for British industry to produce semi-finished goods or cheap articles. Britain mostly produces articles, requiring skilled labour, precision instruments, and chemicals. Britain high quality consumer goods and articles made of various kinds of synthetic (man-made) materials.

The original basis of British industry was coal mining, and the early factories grew up not far from the main mining areas.

Glasgow and Newcastle became great centers of engineering and shipbuilding. Lancashire produced cotton goods and Yorkshire woolens, with Sheffield concentrating on iron and steel. Birmingham developed light engineering. There appeared a tendency for industry and population to move to the south, particularly to the London area. Britain’s industry is now widely dispersed. Great progress was made in the development of new industries, such as the aircraft, automobile, electronic industries and others. A number of atomic power reactors were made.

Great emphasis was made on the development of the war industry.

Comments

1. manufactured goods – промислові товари

2. per head of population – на душу населення

3. apart of smth. – крім чогось

4. used to be smth. – був кимось колись

5. used to do smth. – робив щось колись

6. to make room for smth. – звільняти простір (місце) для чогось

7. to breed smth. – розводити, вирощувати (тварин)

8. to tend to do smth. – мати тенденцію робити щось

9. article – виріб, товар, предмет виробництва

10. to require smth. (doing smth.) – вимагати, потребувати чогось (робити щось)

11. precision instruments – точні інструменти

12. to be widely dispersed – широко розповсюджуватись

13. to make emphasis on smth. – надавати чомусь особливого значення, приділяти комусь особливу увагу

 

III. Find the English in the right-hand column for the following.

1. недостатня кількість сировини 1. raw materials

2. дорогі товари високої якості 2. various metals

3. свинарство 3. to be richly forested

4. вівчарство (розведення овець) 4. to import timber

5. ввозити деревину 5. to make room for smth.

6. бути багатим на ліси 6. sheep breeding

7. різноманітні метали 7. pig raising

8. сировина 8. high quality expensive goods

9. звільняти місце 9. shortage of raw materials

10. військова промисловість 10. semi-finished goods

11. синтетичні матеріали 11. precision instruments

12. точні інструменти 12. electronic equipment

13. атомний реактор 13. man-made materials

14. електронне обладнання 14. the original basis

15. напівфабрикати 15. atomic power reactor

16. початкова основа 16. war industry

 

 

VII. Answer the following questions.

1. What natural resources does Great Britain have?

2. What raw materials does Britain import?

3. Why does Britain have to import raw materials?

4. What does Britain export?

5. What is the characteristic feature of British industry?

6. Why is it unprofitable for Britain to produce semi-finished goods or cheap articles?

7. What are the main articles produced by British industry?

8. What are Britain’s traditional industries?

9. What are Britain’s main industries today?

10. What are the main industrial centres of Great Britain?

11. What are the main branches of British agriculture?

12. What is the greater part of land used for?

 

VIII. Speak on the text “British Economy”.


ТЕМА V. НАПИСАННЯ CV.

I. Read the following text.

How to write a resume

No matter what method of job hunting you use, inevitably somebody will ask you for a resume. Most companies require a resume before seriously considering a job candidate from the outside. Resumes are sometimes also required in order to receive a job transfer within a company. The purpose of a resume is to help you obtain a job interview, not a job. Very few people are hired without a personal interview. Effective resumes are straightforward, factual presentations of a person's experience and accomplishments. They are neither overdetailed nor too sketchy. A general rule is that two or three pages in length is best. One page seems too superficial; a four-page (or longer) resume may irritate an impatient employment official. Some writers suggest that a chronological (the standard-type) resume be used; others argue for an accomplishment resume. A useful resume should include both your experiences and key accomplishments. When sent to a prospective employer, a resume should be professionally reproduced, with particular attention to misspellings, typographical errors, and careful spacing. To attract attention, some job seekers print resumes on tinted paper, in a menu-like folder, or on unusual-sized paper. If done in a way to attract positive attention to yourself, these approaches have merit.

 

Vocabulary

inevitably [ɪn'evitəblɪ] — неминуче, неодмінно

to require [n'kwaɪə] — вимагати

to hire ['haɪə] — наймати, брати на роботу

accomplishment [ə'kʌmplɪʃmənt] — виконання; досягнення

superficial [,sju:pə'fɪʃ(ə)l] — поверховий

to irritate ['ɪrɪteɪt] — дратувати

tinted ['tɪntɪd] paper — тоновий кольоровий папір

merit ['merɪt] — гідність

 



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